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Autumn is a season of moderate temperature and abundant food in a year.

There is a folk saying that snake meat in autumn is more tender and helps to enhance physical strength and immunity. howeverGuangzhou Forestry and Landscape Bureau recently published "It is a rumor that snakes can be eaten! ",responded that:

Recently,There is a rumor from the media that "you can eat snakes from March 1 ST" There are also a number of self-media promotion, processing and sales of dishes with snakes as ingredients, which have attracted the attention of some catering enterprises and citizens, and they have called the wildlife protection department to ask: Can snakes be eaten?

Guangzhou Forestry and Landscape Bureau reminded that,Snakes are not edible!

Whether it’s wild snakes or farmed snakes, They have not been listed in the National Catalogue of Genetic Resources of Livestock and Poultry (2021 Edition) (referred to as the Catalogue), so all business units are not allowed to use snakes as ingredients to process meals.

However, the reporter found that,

People still spread on social platforms.

The message "You can eat snakes this autumn".

So what is the situation in Guangzhou?

Are there any restaurants that still serve snake meat and game?

When the reporter made an unannounced visit ↓

The network still spreads snake-eating information

Some well-known restaurants have recently heard of "closing their hands"

The reporter noticed that since the beginning of this year, some self-media bloggers have recommended restaurants in Guangzhou and surrounding Shunde from time to time on the short video platform to attract diners to taste snake dishes. When autumn comes, some videos are accompanied by slogans such as "autumn wind is the best time to eat game" and "cooking snake family".

Recommend the copywriting of snake meat restaurant on the Internet.

At the same time, the reporter found that there are many restaurants serving snake products in Guangzhou, and these restaurants have a certain popularity among local diners. Among them, there are many recommended copybooks related to a restaurant located in Machang Road, Tianhe. The reporter found that,Although some of the manuscripts were referred to by names such as "big eel", "rongeel" and "water eel", on October 16th, some people still shared their experience in eating snake food.

In addition, the store also launched the package group purchase links of "Classic Dragon and Phoenix Turtle Pot" and "Big Monopterus albus Sanpinhuang". As of October 20th, the above two packages can still be purchased. However, when the reporter called the restaurant to ask if the set meal was sold normally,The staff of the restaurant said that there were no snakes to make in recent days, and they could directly apply for a refund if they bought a set meal.

The reporter’s investigation found that some restaurants have sold snake meat in the past, and there are still relevant dishes and comments in the menu column on the platform. However, when the reporter called for consultation, the other party said: "It is not clear whether the policy allows eating snake meat, so we will not provide it first."

Behind refusing game

Snakes can still be eaten in restaurants.

Then, in the case that many restaurants selling snake meat have "closed their hands", are there any restaurants still selling snake food?

The reporter contacted a restaurant named "Eternal Jibei Water Snake Porridge" near Longmei Paifang in Panyu District through the ordering platform. The waiter of the restaurant said on the phone that he could serve all kinds of snake food, including all kinds of "game". In the restaurant’s recommendation menu,There are many ways to choose from just "snake food", such as ginger oil, salt and pepper, delicious food and spicy food.

In order to understand the situation in depth, the reporter came to the store for an unannounced visit on October 19. When approaching the store, the reporter found that the signboard at the door of the store was suspected of removing sensitive words such as "snake". Not only that, there is a poster on the glass on the left side of the store.It reads the slogan "Protect wild animals and refuse game", and the menu is clearly marked "No taking pictures".

It is suspected that some words have been removed from the signboard of the restaurant.

When further questioning the clerk, the reporter got a clear answer.Snakes can still be eaten in the store. "Yes, for example, in the case of’ Water Law’, if you don’t invoice 190 yuan per catty, it will cost you 10 yuan per catty." The reporter learned that,"Water law" usually refers to the squirrel snake, which is one of the "three protected animals" in China. In addition, the waiter also said that there are many other snakes in the store.Including "poisonous snakes", but did not disclose the specific source channels of snakes.

Expert: Snakes of unknown origin are at risk of spreading diseases.

There are food safety hazards.

Why are there still restaurants that can get ingredients and sell them when snakes are banned? In this regard, Hu Huijian, a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, gave an answer in an interview.

According to Hu Huijian, as early as 2020, some southern provinces, including Guangdong, had successfully cultivated a variety of snakes, such as the squirrel snake, the Zhoushan cobra, and the silver ring snake, with relatively high output. At that time, most of the snakes sold in the market were artificially cultivated individuals. "Everyone is eating snakes, and the capture of individuals in the wild is relatively less, which is also a protection for wild snake resources." Hu Huijian said.

"From a legal point of view,It is illegal to process and sell snakes as food. However, snake farming for medicinal and leather materials has not been banned. Hu Huijian said,At present, the source of snake ingredients in some restaurants may come from snake farms used for medicine and leather goods. At the same time, due to the maturity of breeding technology, some farmers may raise snakes privately without filing and registration. He also pointed out that due to the reduction of breeding scale, snakes circulating in the market may also be wild individuals who are illegally hunted.

Hu Huijian told reporters that the source of snakes sold in restaurants is unknown at present, and from the perspective of food safety, it is also highly recommended for the public to eat. "Because of the lack of official supervision, inspection and quarantine,After eating, there is a high risk of infection with diseases and parasites. At this stage, not eating snakes of unknown origin is also responsible for your health. "

　　When listening to the work report of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government recently, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the most arduous and arduous task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and solidly promoting common prosperity is still in the countryside, and the gap between urban and rural areas must be gradually narrowed. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader also stressed that it is necessary to improve the system and mechanism of urban-rural integration development, improve the policy system of equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural elements, promote the orderly flow of urban resource elements to the countryside, and enhance the vitality of agricultural and rural development.

　　The integration of urban and rural development is an important symbol of national modernization. In the process of industrialization and urbanization in China, a large number of factors of production flow from rural areas to cities, and cities have developed rapidly due to the accumulation of resource factors, while the development of vast villages has lagged behind due to the outflow of resource factors, which has caused problems such as unbalanced urban-rural development and insufficient rural development.

　　At present, the problem of insufficient imbalance between urban and rural development in China still exists, and the contradiction between urban and rural dual structure is still prominent, which has become one of the main obstacles restricting the integration and development of urban and rural areas in China.

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, the Communist Party of China, put forward that priority should be given to the development of agriculture and rural areas, and the integration of urban and rural areas should be adhered to, so as to smooth the flow of urban and rural factors. Accelerating the integration of urban and rural development is not only the meaning of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, but also the only way to achieve common prosperity.

　　The imbalance between urban and rural development is not sufficient, which is the inevitable result of the imbalance of urban and rural spatial structure and the unreasonable allocation of resource elements. To fundamentally break the institutional barriers that hinder the equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural factors, it is necessary to establish and improve the system and mechanism of urban-rural integrated development, promote more development factors and various services to the countryside, take the lead in breaking the dual structure of urban and rural areas in the county, and accelerate the equalization of basic public services.

　　To explore a new road of urban-rural integration and development, it is necessary to speed up the establishment and improvement of institutional mechanisms and policy systems conducive to the two-way flow of factors between urban and rural areas. It is necessary to improve the multi-input guarantee mechanism, increase investment in agricultural and rural infrastructure construction, accelerate the interconnection of urban and rural infrastructure, and provide support for promoting the two-way flow of talents, land, capital and other factors between urban and rural areas. It should be pointed out that rural development can not be achieved only by rural areas, but by promoting the orderly flow of urban resource elements to rural areas and enhancing the vitality of agricultural and rural development.

　　To explore a new way of urban-rural integration and development, and to smooth the urban-rural economic cycle, the core lies in developing county economy. Industrial revitalization is the top priority of rural revitalization and the starting point of practical work. In rural areas without industrial development, it is difficult for farmers to increase their income, which is not only difficult to gather popularity, but also difficult to attract talents. It is necessary to rely on the advantageous resources with rural characteristics, with the help of leading enterprises, family farms, new rural collective economic organizations and other main bodies to enhance the carrying capacity of counties in building agricultural industrial chains and characteristic industrial clusters, promote the new urbanization process through the development of county economy, and make up for the gap in the level of factor development between urban and rural areas.

　　To explore a new road of urban-rural integration, we should increase the supply of basic public services and promote the integration of urban-rural basic public services and social security systems. In recent years, China’s rural construction has achieved certain results, but the rural infrastructure is still not perfect, the level of public services is not high, and there are still many historical debts. In fact, the long-term imbalance in the allocation of public goods between urban and rural areas is one of the main reasons why the urban-rural dual structure is difficult to crack. Therefore, based on the inclusive characteristics of basic public goods, we should focus on rural basic old-age care, basic medical care and basic education, and narrow the gap between urban and rural basic public goods supply.

　　Urban-rural integration is a basic direction of future development, and attention should be paid to overall coordination and classified policies in the process of promotion. First of all, the flow of urban and rural factors involves many aspects, such as cities and villages, economy and society, population, resources and environment, etc. We should not make a sudden progress in policy guidance, but build a more systematic policy system to promote the free flow of urban and rural factors in a coordinated and efficient manner. Secondly, integration is not to eliminate the spatial functional differences between urban and rural areas, nor to pursue simple and uniform development, but to promote the complementary functions of urban and rural areas and smooth economic cycle by building a new type of urban-rural relationship, so as to achieve high-quality development in the coordinated progress of urban and rural areas. (Author: Jin Guanping Source: Economic Daily)

"Never Imagine" failed to achieve a box office counterattack.

　 　 Special feature of 1905 film network Xiaoxing Yi, a master of popular jokes, was called the beast. In an exclusive interview with the 1905 movie network, he mentioned a word in a pretentious way: "Time is also destiny". Of course, the topic he talked about at that time was how he changed from an engineer to a "spoof video master", and later became a director of online drama and even had his own big screen debut. On the weekend of the twelfth lunar month, "Never Imagine" hit a record at the box office, and the word-of-mouth was then polarized. As of the evening of December 21st, the film had a box office of 276 million in four days. This is a mediocre achievement, and calling the beast has not achieved the year-end counterattack as predicted by many people in the industry.

　 　 With the expansion of the number of screens and the large-scale rise of cinemas in small towns, China has entered a period of rising enthusiasm for watching movies. When people buy necessities, they have to wait until half price of Double Eleven, but they are more and more generous in the face of movie tickets with tens of dollars. Nowadays, the film market is like a huge whirlpool, and the powerful gravity launched by interests calls for all kinds of new gadgets to come in and rotate together. For example, the disruption of the Internet, such as the serious proliferation of the word IP, and another wonderful vocabulary that was frequently mentioned in 2015: counterattack. Before "Pancake Man" was released, no one could have imagined that Dapeng, who came from the north to sing but became an editor of Sohu, could enter the billion directors’ club, which was called a counterattack. Before the release of "goodbye mr. loser", Shen Teng and Mary would say very earnestly everywhere: What we are most afraid of is that because we are not wrists in the film circle, this film will be neglected.

　 　 What happened afterwards?

The humor in Pancake Man is still network humor.

Peripheral wisdom: Who’s in charge of whether it’s a movie or not?

　 　 The counterattack of Pancake Man may be related to the marketing idea of Dapeng Ghost Horse, the crazy roadshow, the young and dangerous, Jean-Claude Van Damme, and the crazy whale swallowing market in summer. The objective analysis of Monday morning quarterback is not worth mentioning. Subjectively speaking, Pancake Man highly transformed the number of comedies born out of the online drama diors man: in the movie, Deng Chao was kidnapped and thought it was his wife who wanted to "play some excitement", just like in the online drama, Tang Wei asked the waiter for a coffee refill with an oversized vessel with bottled water, which was a simple and rude flip, a network humor and fresh blood in the Chinese film market.

The highlight of goodbye mr. loser comes from the accumulation of the drama team for many years.

　 　 The highlight of "goodbye mr. loser" lies in the theatrical foundation accumulated by Mahua FunAge’s team over the years: Uncle Vest deliberately couldn’t hear Ma Dongmei’s name but was splashed with water by Ma Dongmei, which is the rhythmic feature of the stage and also comes from the comic wisdom on the periphery of the film. Anyway, it provokes your taste buds like a chemical spicy element, and you laugh, so it wins. A reasonable situation is that when a new gadget from the peripheral culture stirs up a pool of spring water in traditional movies, someone will definitely stand up and say: you are just "something else in the movie version", in short, it is not a movie.

　 　 With awe of the film, Xiaoxing Yi, the beast, attracted much attention, but also appeared trembling. Just like Pancake Man, Never Imagine is also a spoiler for the film carrier by the secondary subculture in online drama. However, after Pancake Man, the stem of online drama is not so fresh. When writing the screenplay of "Never Imagine", the point that the beast has been fighting between man and nature is: between the two different carriers of online drama and film, how much he is good at can be kept and how much he is not good at will be added. Calling the beast thinks that it is not ergonomic to watch the online drama for 120 minutes on the big screen, so he tried his best to plan a story about the Monkey King, in which a little guy became a hero. This should be the safety card for commercial films, but some film critics still say that "Never Imagine" is just a movie version of the online drama.

　 　 The word-of-mouth of "Unexpectedly" is polarized. During the roadshow, fans gave him confidence with great enthusiasm. In the online community where keyboard man such as Douban haunts, a large number of bad reviews still make him exhausted. He also took out the joke that Kurosawa wanted to commit suicide that year, and the result was even more unpleasant. But what does it matter? Let’s look at the story inside the movie.

Grassroots resonance: The poorer and frustrated you are, the closer you are to king of comedy.

　 　 As early as the online drama period, Never Imagine set Wang Dachui, the protagonist, as a diaosi image that "has been unlucky and has never been knocked down". In the movie, Wang Dachui is an ordinary little demon. Facing his beloved girl and a strong competitor (that is, Ray Ma, who is said to let teenage fans compete for licking the screen), he tries to make some changes. Of course, there were setbacks in the process, and they were regarded as spies by the villagers, and then they mercilessly reviled and attacked them. During the performance of this play, the actor Ke Bai wept bitterly. Ke Bai was originally a small planner and amateur voice actor in Call Beast Company. In Call Beast’s eyes, he is just like Stephen Chow in the movie: he has to study the script when he plays a dead body, and his action expressions are richer than those in the picture.

　 　 The diaosi culture of Pancake Man is even more ambitious. Imagine this scene: in the early morning, Xiao Wang got up in a hurry, bought a set of pancake fruit (or egg-filled cakes) downstairs and ate it quickly. After squeezing into the subway, he watched a hilarious online drama that could relieve the pressure of morning rush hour with his mobile phone. It can be "Never Imagine" or "diors man". In "Pancake Man", Dapeng is desperately filming the so-called movie, and Mabel Yuan is dreaming of a star with incomparably bad acting skills — — The loveliest thing about diaosi culture is that there is no restriction, and it is all poor and poor.

　 　 Mary said that when she first met Shen Teng many years ago, Shen Teng was the director of the drama Crazy Stone. Shen Dao fights the landlord with a poker in his hand in the background, while playing a killing game with another wave of people. In the early years, Mahua FunAge Opera Troupe also experienced extraordinary poverty. Only four tickets were sold for a performance, so it was impossible to pay the performance cost and had to be cancelled. In the heavy snow, the whole crew stood at the entrance of the theater waiting for the arrival of these four audiences, and bowed deeply one by one. What is Charlotte’s trouble in goodbye mr. loser? It is nothing more than a grassroots singer’s dissatisfaction with mediocre life and indifferent marriage. After a daydream, people’s fear of middle-aged crisis was paralyzed, and they returned to Ah Q-style daily necessities with the method of spiritual victory.

　 　 If we have to discuss what is advanced, China and Wan Guopeng will eventually fail to become Wang Baoqiang, which is quite advanced; In "king of comedy", Yin Tianchou put all his possessions on the willow fluttering coat, and chased out "I support you", which is very advanced. People’s disappointment is largely due to the fact that Xú Zhēng expressed too much anger in an elite manner this time; When we evaluate a comedy, it is not necessary to just pay attention to whether the box office is counter-attacking, or to entangle the chemical changes of drama and online drama on the big screen. No matter "Never Imagine", which has not achieved a box office counterattack, or "Pancake Man" and "goodbye mr. loser", which have become a counterattack phenomenon, the emotional resonance of the bottom losers they have completed in the text is valuable.

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　 　 Very simple, it is best not to look at the power of grassroots with colored glasses. Geniuses are rare, and usually neither you nor I are.

Our province actively promotes the expansion of the tariff-free policy of processing value-added exceeding 30% from Yangpu Bonded Port Area to Yangpu Area in Danzhou.
Policy expansion pilot enterprises enjoy dividends.

We will promote the development of strategic emerging industries and build a number of new growth engines such as information technology, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment and environmental protection. -Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Party

Hainan Daily reporter Lin Shuxi

It is about 5.6 kilometers from Yangpu Xindu Industrial Park, where Tianjilong Intelligent Control (Hainan) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Tianjilong Intelligent Control) is located, to the bonded port area of Yangpu Economic Development Zone, and it takes 10 minutes by car. Last year, Tianjilong Zhikong wanted to settle in Yangpu Bonded Port Area, but lost the opportunity because it did not conform to the industrial planning of Yangpu Bonded Port Area.

The tariff-free policy of processing value-added exceeding 30% is the core policy of the import and export policy system of Hainan Free Trade Port, which was once one of the unique policies of Hainan Free Trade Port in Yangpu Bonded Port Area. Originally, Tianjilong Zhikong could not enjoy this free trade port policy with high "gold content".

Not long ago, a policy linked the two missed parties. Since this year, our province has actively promoted the tariff-free policy of processing value-added exceeding 30% as a pilot, expanding from Yangpu Bonded Port Area to Danzhou Yangpu Area, as a high-level open pressure test, and accumulating experience for the whole island’s customs clearance operation.

On December 2, Tianjilong Zhikong stood out from many production and processing enterprises in Danzhou Yangpu, and caught the "hydrangea" thrown from the wall of Yangpu Bonded Port Area, becoming the first enterprise in Yangpu to enjoy the pilot expansion of Hainan Free Trade Port’s import and export policy system of "opening the first line and managing the second line".

On the morning of December 8, Hainan Daily reporter walked into Tianjilong intelligent control production workshop, only to see all kinds of processed valves placed on the ground, especially the pneumatic regulating valve with red appearance was the most conspicuous. Just a few days ago, this product just enjoyed the duty-free policy of processing value-added exceeding 30% for domestic sales, and its core parts locator was imported from Germany.

"The valve has a key technical index, that is, the leakage of the sealing surface. In addition to zero leakage, it is also necessary to accurately control the flow." Shi Haifeng, deputy general manager of Tianjilong Intelligent Control (Hainan) Co., Ltd. said that Tianjilong Intelligent Control’s main business is in the list of encouraged industries in Hainan Free Trade Port, and its intelligent control valve products are technologically advanced. "The sensitivity of the valve control switch we produce is very high. As long as there is 0.5% flow, the valve can be started normally, reaching the international advanced level and meeting the production requirements of various enterprises."

Shi Haifeng said that in addition to producing and processing all kinds of valves and fluid control equipment, the company also provides maintenance services to Hainan Refining and Chemical, Yisheng Petrochemical, Jinhai Pulp and Paper and other enterprises. Not only that, the reporter found through the publicity column of the factory that the company’s "friend circle" involves enterprises in the fields of petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgy, electric power and environmental protection.

"The advantage of Tianjilong Zhikong is that it can improve the supporting maintenance of Yangpu petrochemical industry chain, and the products are in line with the direction of the pilot expansion of the import and export policy system of’ first-line liberalization and second-line management’." Xu Lu, deputy director of Yangpu Port Office and deputy secretary general of Danzhou Municipal Government, said.

"Only by’ managing it’ can we’ let it go’." Ai Tao, head of the Second Division of Customs Comprehensive Business in Yangpu Economic Development Zone, told the reporter that according to the requirements of the General Administration of Customs, enterprises that meet the pilot must meet three conditions. First, it is necessary to obtain the enterprise qualification of advanced customs certification; second, it is necessary to build a video system that meets the requirements of customs supervision; third, the enterprise ERP management system should be connected with the customs supervision system and accept real-time customs supervision.

At the beginning of this year, after the pilot work of expanding the processing value-added tariff-free policy, the relevant departments of Danzhou Yangpu chose Tianjilong Zhikong as the pilot object after visiting enterprises on the spot. "We have set up two working classes to provide comprehensive guidance to Tianjilong Intelligent Control from the aspects of supporting system formulation, advanced customs certification, ERP system function development and joint debugging, and video monitoring system establishment." Ai Tao said that after nearly three months of hard work, on June 27th this year, Tianjilong Zhikong successfully obtained the qualification of advanced customs certification enterprise, and then carried out work tests such as business process, processing value-added goods for domestic sales clearance, which laid a solid foundation for the implementation of the first single business of policy expansion pilot in early December.

"I am very happy to enjoy the tariff-free policy of processing value-added. The policy dividend of Hainan Free Trade Port has helped enterprises reduce costs and improve product competitiveness." Shi Haifeng said that based on the company’s annual output of 3,000 sets of intelligent control valves, the tariff-free policy of processing value-added can exempt the company from taxes of nearly 3 million yuan.

According to the data provided by the customs department, as of November 30 this year, Yangpu Bonded Port Area has processed 285 value-added goods, with a value of 2.68 billion yuan and a tax reduction of 220 million yuan.

"Yangpu Customs will continue to thoroughly study, publicize and implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, focus on the requirements of the General Administration of Customs’ release, management, construction, establishment and trial’, continue to actively promote the pilot project of policy expansion with relevant departments, actively do a good job in the operation of Hainan Free Trade Port, and help the integrated development of Danzhou Yangpu." Ai Tao said.

(This newspaper Yangpu, December 8 th)

Guangdong Finance Procurement [2020] No.13

Provincial units:

　　In order to implement the spirit of deepening the reform plan of government procurement system and strictly meet the requirements of "tight days", according to the relevant laws and regulations such as the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Government Procurement Law" and its implementation regulations, the relevant matters concerning the standardization of the approval of provincial single-source procurement methods and the approval and management of imported products are hereby notified as follows:

　　I. Strictly examine and approve single-source procurement methods.

　　(1) For goods or services that meet any of the following circumstances, the purchaser may purchase them by single source according to law:

　　1. Goods or services can only be purchased from a specific supplier due to the use of irreplaceable patents and know-how;

　　2. Public service projects have special requirements and can only be purchased from a specific supplier;

　　3. Unable to purchase from other suppliers due to unforeseen emergency;

　　4. It is necessary to ensure the consistency of the original procurement projects or the requirements of supporting services, and it is necessary to continue to purchase from the original suppliers, and the total amount of additional funds does not exceed 10% of the original contract purchase amount;

　　5. If there is only one bidder (quotation) or only one bidder (quotation) who has passed the qualification examination or compliance examination after the bidding (quotation) deadline for a procurement project with an open tender amount above the standard, it is proved by experts that there are no unreasonable clauses in the procurement documents and the procurement procedures are in compliance with the regulations.

　　(2) The purchaser shall, in accordance with the decision-making system of "three majors and one big" matters, include the goods or services that meet the standard of open tender and intend to adopt the single-source procurement method in the discussion and decision-making scope of the "three majors and one big" matters of the unit.

　　(three) the purchaser intends to use a single source procurement, should be in the procurement activities before the start, invite professionals to demonstrate. Professionals can be selected by the purchaser or randomly selected from the expert database of government procurement evaluation. Demonstration professionals should have no economic and administrative affiliation with the purchaser. Professionals should objectively and independently issue complete, clear and definite argumentation opinions:One isWhether the budget arrangement of procurement projects is scientific and reasonable (Annex 1);The second isWhether the purchased items must be purchased from a sole supplier (Annex 2). Arguments should be filled in manually by professionals in accordance with the prescribed format.

　　(four) the competent budget unit shall strengthen the management of single source procurement in this department. For goods or services that meet the standard of public bidding amount, if it is planned to adopt the single-source procurement method, it should focus on examining whether the budget arrangement of the project is reasonable, whether it belongs to the circumstances stipulated in Article 31 of the Government Procurement Law and Article 27 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Government Procurement Law, and the necessity of adopting single-source procurement, and issue written examination opinions.

　　(5) Where the goods or services that meet the standard of open tender amount are intended to adopt a single-source method, the purchaser shall apply to the Provincial Department of Finance for approval and submit the following materials before the start of procurement activities and after reporting to the competent budget unit for approval:

　　1. Basic information such as the name of the purchaser, the name of the procurement project and the general situation of the project;

　　2 reasons for applying for single-source procurement;

　　3. For goods or services that meet the standard of open tender amount and intend to adopt the single-source procurement method, it is necessary to provide the minutes and records of the meeting of the unit’s "three majors and one big" matters;

　　4 written examination opinions of the competent budget unit;

　　5. Written opinions of the professionals involved in the demonstration, as well as the names, work units and titles of the professionals;

　　6 "Guangdong provincial government procurement network" single source procurement publicity;

　　7. The budget amount of the procurement project, the main basis and reasons for the budget amount of the project, the budget approval document or the proof of the source of funds.

　　Two, strictly approve the government procurement of imported products.

　　(1) A purchaser may purchase imported products under any of the following circumstances:

　　1. Not available in China or not available on reasonable commercial terms;

　　2. Purchasing for use outside China;

　　3. There are similar products in China, but they cannot meet the real demand, and it is really necessary to purchase imported products;

　　4. Provincial universities, scientific research institutes and the undertaking units that use provincial social science project funds to purchase scientific research instruments and equipment purchase scientific research instruments and equipment.

　　(II) According to the Notice on Improving the Procurement Management of Scientific Research Instruments and Equipment in Provincial Universities and Research Institutes (Yuecai Procurement [2017] No.3) and the Notice on the Procurement Management of Scientific Research Instruments and Equipment in Provincial Financial and Social Science Research Projects (Yuecai Procurement [2018] No.2), provincial universities, research institutes and undertaking units that use provincial social science project funds to purchase scientific research instruments and equipment shall implement the filing system.

　　(3) The purchaser shall, in accordance with the decision-making system of "three majors and one big thing", include the imported product items that the domestic similar products to be purchased really cannot meet the demand in the discussion and decision-making scope of the "three majors and one big thing" of the unit.

　　(4) Where the purchaser intends to purchase imported products, he shall invite experts to conduct professional argumentation before the procurement activities begin, and the experts shall objectively and independently put forward specific argumentation opinions. The expert group shall be composed of more than 5 people, including 1 legal expert, and the product technical expert shall be an expert familiar with the product. Demonstration experts can be selected by the purchaser himself, or randomly selected from the expert database of government procurement evaluation, and the demonstration experts should have no economic and administrative affiliation with the purchaser. The purchaser shall not participate in the demonstration as a member of the expert group.

　　(five) if the products to be purchased have domestic similar products, in principle, it is not allowed to purchase imported products. If it is really necessary to purchase imported products, the purchaser shall apply from the aspects of the necessity and irreplaceability of imported products, the substantial impact of purchasing domestic similar products on the work, etc. The argumentation experts shall objectively and independently demonstrate the reasons for the purchaser’s application, and the argumentation opinions shall be complete, clear and definite, and shall be filled in manually by the argumentation experts according to the prescribed format (see Annex 4 for details).

　　(six) the competent budget unit shall strengthen the management of imported products purchased by the government of this department. For the procurement items that the subordinate units intend to apply for purchasing imported products, they should focus on examining whether the imported products to be purchased exceed the standard, whether the procurement demand is reasonable, whether the domestic similar products meet the demand, the necessity of purchasing imported products, etc., and issue written examination opinions.

　　(VII) In addition to provincial universities, scientific research institutes and undertaking units that use provincial social science project funds to purchase scientific research instruments and equipment, the procurement unit shall submit a written application to the department in charge of approving imported products before the procurement activities, and submit the following materials:

　　1. Overview of procurement projects and list of imported products purchased by the government (Annex 3);

　　2. If it is planned to purchase imported products with domestic similar products that really cannot meet the demand, it is necessary to provide the minutes and records of the meeting of the unit’s "three majors and one big" matters;

　　3. Review opinions of the competent budget unit;

　　4. The main purpose, necessity and irreplaceability of applying for purchasing imported products, and the substantial impact of purchasing domestic similar products on work;

　　5. Comparison of domestic similar products and imported products;

　　6. Written opinions of experts participating in the demonstration, as well as the names, work units and titles of professionals;

　　7. Project budget amount, budget approval document or proof of fund source.

　　III. Standardize the management of the list of imported products of the department.

　　In order to deepen the decentralization of government procurement, we will continue to implement departmental import product list management at the provincial level.

　　(A) to develop the main body

　　The provincial competent budget unit shall formulate the list of imported products of the department in combination with the characteristics of the department’s procurement needs. The list is managed dynamically and is valid for one year. Within the validity period of the list, if the supplier raises any objection, the competent budget unit shall make dynamic adjustment in time.

　　(II) Mode of application

　　1. There are no imported products of the same kind in China.During the validity period of the list, the purchaser purchases the products in the list without repeating the organization of expert argumentation, and directly carries out procurement activities after filing with the Provincial Department of Finance.

　　2. There are imported products of similar products in China.Within the validity period of the list, the purchaser shall submit to the competent budget unit a description of the main purpose, necessity, irreplaceability, and the substantial impact of purchasing domestic similar products on the work, and carry out procurement activities after the approval of the competent budget unit and filing with the Provincial Department of Finance.

　　(3)Develop a program

　　1. collect products.The competent budget unit is responsible for collecting and summarizing the annual imported products of this department. Specifically, it includes the name and model of imported products, the policy basis for purchasing imported products and the necessity of purchasing imported products.

　　2. Expert argumentation.The expert group shall consist of an odd number of more than 5 people, including 1 legal expert, and the product technical expert shall be an expert familiar with the products in the list. The expert group shall focus on the necessity and irreplaceability of imported products, and the substantial impact of purchasing domestic similar products on the work, and make an objective and independent demonstration. The demonstration opinions shall be complete, clear and definite, and shall be filled in manually by the demonstration experts in accordance with the prescribed format (see Annex 4 for details).

　　3. publicity.The competent budget unit will publicize the demonstrated list on the "Guangdong Provincial Government Procurement Network", and the publicity period shall not be less than 10 working days. The publicity contents shall include but not limited to: the name and model of the imported products, the necessity and relevant explanations of the imported products, the specific argumentation opinions of the expert group on the imported products to be purchased, and the names, work units and titles of the expert group members, and the publicity period.

　　4. Objection handling.Any supplier, unit or individual who has any objection to the list may report it to the competent budget unit within the publicity period or the validity period. The competent budget unit shall organize experts to re-demonstrate, and if the objection is established, the product shall be deleted from the list.

　　5. filing.After the expiration of the publicity period, the competent budget unit shall report to the Provincial Department of Finance for the record and attach the following materials:

　　(1) the necessity of imported products and related explanations;

　　(2) the specific opinions of the experts involved in the demonstration, as well as the names, work units and professional titles of the experts;

　　(3) the publicity of the list of imported products and the handling of objections.

　　Fourth, strengthen the supervision and management of government procurement　

　　The purchaser shall, in accordance with the principle of "who purchases, who is responsible", seriously carry out market research and price calculation, implement relevant expenditure standards, and reasonably and scientifically determine the procurement demand. The competent budget department should strictly manage the change of single-source mode and the procurement of imported products, and establish and improve the internal management system of departmental government procurement. The Provincial Department of Finance will establish a smart cloud platform for government procurement integrating transaction and supervision, and comprehensively reflect the implementation of government procurement by all units by means of intelligent monitoring and big data early warning, and strengthen the supervision of government procurement by government procurement transparency evaluation, financial performance evaluation and government procurement agency evaluation.

　　Attachment:

　　　　　

　　　　　

　　　　　

Guangdong Provincial Finance Department　　

July 29, 2020

Mode (Mode) refers to the number of times or frequency of occurrence in a group of data, which is a position average and is not affected by extreme variable values. Mode is mainly used to measure the centralized trend of classified data, and it can also be used to measure the centralized trend of sequential data and numerical data. A set of data may have multiple modes, or it may not exist. For quantitative data that are not grouped, we seldom use modes.

　　In the use of pure electric vehicles, battery problems have been bothering many consumers. The difficulty in installing charging piles, long charging time and battery decay all affect consumers’ daily experience. In order to solve these problems, the power exchange mode came into being. Especially under the impetus of the policy, this year’s electricity exchange market is more lively. Since the first power exchange station of Chang ‘an New Energy was completed in Chongqing in September this year, power exchange stations from Geely and Dongfeng have successively landed or appeared in Chongqing, Jinan, Wuhan and other cities, breaking the situation that Weilai and BAIC were "equally divided" in the previous power exchange market. However, it is worth noting that it is nothing new that the battery replacement mode has already appeared. Behind the current lively situation, the constraints of profitability and battery specifications faced by the battery replacement mode remain unresolved.

　　▼ Policy spring breeze wakes up the rivers and lakes.

　　As the name implies, changing electricity means centralized storage, centralized charging and unified distribution of a large number of batteries through centralized charging stations, and battery replacement service for electric vehicles in battery distribution stations. Compared with the ordinary charging mode, the battery replacement mode can solve a series of problems caused by the difficulty of charging new energy vehicles, battery attenuation and easy spontaneous combustion, and the vehicle-electric separation mode adopted in the battery replacement can also effectively reduce the first purchase cost. This obvious advantage attracted many people to try layout more than ten years ago.

　　Image source Better Place Weibo

　　In 2007, Israeli Xia Jiaxi founded the first operating company, Better Place, which aims at changing electricity for passenger cars. However, the mode of changing electricity needs to lay a large number of power stations as the foundation, which is undoubtedly a "bottomless pit" for burning money in the early stage of operation. In 2013, Better Place declared bankruptcy and liquidation because it was difficult to balance the investment and income of the business model. At the same time in China, Dongfeng, Zotye, Kangdi, Nanjing Automobile and other companies also put a number of operating vehicles in the mode of changing electricity into the market, but they also did not stir up a splash.

　　Now, many years later, with the continuous expansion of the scale of new energy vehicles in China, the problems of charging difficulty and battery attenuation of pure electric products are becoming more and more serious. In order to solve the battery-related problems, the spring breeze of national policy has blown to the power exchange mode. In April this year, the "Notice on Improving the Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles" jointly issued by the four ministries and commissions of the country clearly encouraged the development of the power exchange model; In May, after discussion and deliberation by delegates and members, the power exchange station was written into the government work report for the first time as an important part of the new infrastructure. Driven by the policy spring breeze, the domestic power exchange rivers and lakes are becoming more and more lively.

　　▼40 days, 3 car companies entered the game.

　　On September 10th, the first power exchange station of Chang ‘an New Energy was officially completed in Chongqing Olympic Sports Center. As a new heavyweight contestant after Weilai and BAIC, Chang ‘an New Energy Power Exchange Station has attracted great attention from the outside world. Generally speaking, the process of changing electricity mainly covers five steps: generating an order-entering the station-changing electricity-testing-leaving the station. Prior to this, the power exchange time announced by Weilai and BAIC remained at about 3 minutes, but the appearance of Chang ‘an New Energy Power Exchange Station refreshed this data. According to public information, Changan New Energy has reduced the time from battery taking to battery loading to 30 seconds, and the whole process from vehicle entering the station to battery replacement takes only 1 minute.

　　Geely Automobile also set a new record. A week after the completion of Chang ‘an New Energy Power Station, Geely Automobile’s first power station was officially unveiled at the 2020 Zhibo Fair and landed in Liangjiang New District, Chongqing. A month later, on October 18th, the second power station of Geely Automobile was put into operation in Jinan, Shandong. The data shows that Geely Power Station adopts a double-bin design, which can accommodate 39 battery packs, and can provide nearly 1000 power exchange services every day, and the power exchange time is about 90 s.

　　On October 19th, Dongfeng Motor’s intelligent power exchange station was also unveiled. At the 5th Science and Technology Innovation Week, after a Fengshen E70 (parameter | inquiry) drove into Dongfeng’s intelligent power exchange station, the vehicle was transported to the operation room by the conveyor and lifted, and the battery exchange robot automatically unloaded the old battery and installed the new battery. The whole process only took about 1 minute.

　　In just 40 days, the power exchange stations of the three major car companies have successively landed or appeared. Coupled with the paving of Weilai and BAIC, the prototype of the power exchange market has begun to appear. However, it is worth noting that even with the blessing of policies, the fundamental problem of the power exchange model-the contradiction between cost and profit-has not been solved.

　　▼ The contradiction between cost and profit is difficult to solve.

　　In the mode of power exchange, the separation of vehicle and electricity is an important link. Compared with ordinary pure electric vehicles, the battery cost of pure electric vehicles is no longer borne by consumers, and a series of risks such as battery attenuation are also transferred to the vehicle enterprises. These benefits enjoyed by consumers mean that car companies need to invest a lot of money in building power stations and buying batteries.

　　For example, Zhu Jiang, then vice president of Weilai Automobile, previously revealed that the daily operating cost of Weilai’s free power exchange was about 50,000 RMB. It has also been estimated by insiders that the average operating cost of each power station in Weilai is 400,000 yuan. From 2018 to now, Weilai Power Station has invested more than 500 million yuan. BAIC, which explored the power exchange market earlier, invested more. Wang Chunfeng, deputy general manager of BAIC Blue Valley Marketing Service Co., Ltd., said that in terms of power exchange station operation, the investment of a single power exchange station of BAIC New Energy is about 3 million yuan, but this figure is slowly declining.

　　Corresponding to the high cost is the uncertainty of profit prospects. At present, the power exchange in the market is mainly aimed at two groups, one is the private vehicles of ordinary consumers, and the other is the operating vehicles represented by taxis. Weilai, Beiqi New Energy, Chang ‘an, Geely and other enterprises have changed power stations, only Weilai’s power station is aimed at private users, while the latter three are mainly for taxis and network cars. In addition, in 2018, BAIC New Energy also released a battery-changing model called EU Quick Change Edition for ordinary consumers, but few people bought it.

　　In these two modes of operation, from 2018 to now, the number of power exchange orders for Weilai Power Station for private consumers has accumulated more than 1 million times. However, Weilai launched a lifetime free service for car owners, which means that the previous investment of 500 million yuan was a pure loss. Recently, however, Weilai has adjusted the policy of free power exchange: from October 12, 2020, users who pay big orders will be changed from unlimited power exchange to free power exchange for the first 6 times a month; Car owners who pay before October 12, 2020 still enjoy life-long unlimited free nationwide power exchange service. As for whether this adjustment can improve the profitability of the power station for Weilai, it still takes time to test.

　　As of June this year, 187 Beiqi new energy power stations for operating vehicles such as taxis have been built and put into operation in 19 cities across the country, with a total of 4.8 million power exchanges. However, in terms of profitability, BAIC New Energy and its partner Aodong in the field of power exchange have never been publicly disclosed. Aika Automobile found out from the announcement issued by BAIC Blue Valley (6.490, 0.04, 0.62%) when BAIC New Energy increased its capital for Aodong last year that the operating income of Aodong from January to April 2019 was 3,610,800 yuan and the net profit loss was 19,122,200 yuan. This means that among all the distribution power stations of AUTO, only a few power stations operating at full capacity have achieved profitability.

　　The picture shows the Aodong electric bar changing power station.

　　In addition to the difficulty in making profits, consumers have also encountered many difficulties in the process of using the power exchange service. "The pure electric taxi we drive can change electricity, but there are only thirty or forty power stations in Beijing. When we are running a sports car in the city, we often encounter the situation that the car has no electricity but the battery of the power station is not enough." Master Yang, a Beijing taxi driver, told Aika Automobile. It is understood that Master Yang’s "dissatisfaction with electricity" refers to the situation that the battery in the power station is not fully charged. Generally speaking, each power station will be equipped with thirty or forty batteries, but when the power exchange vehicle exceeds the upper limit of the power exchange station, the batteries of the power exchange station will be replaced by the power exchange vehicle before they are fully charged. When Aika Automobile met Master Yang at a power station in Haidian, there were already eight taxis waiting in line to change power.

　　▼ Scale is the key to breaking the game

　　"In order to optimize the power exchange experience and achieve profitability, it is not enough for enterprises to fight alone." Regarding the contradiction between high cost and profit prospect, and the "power shortage" encountered by Master Yang, an industry expert told Aika Automobile that the "power shortage" was mainly caused by the imperfect network layout of power exchange stations, and the imperfect layout of power exchange stations was caused by the excessive investment of a single power exchange station, which was difficult for enterprises to bear. Only by changing the number of power stations can the consumer experience be optimized and improved; Only when the number of electric vehicles increases, can we bring enough passengers to each power station, and the power station can achieve profitability. The two are complementary and interlocking. "

　　The losses of Weilai and Beiqi New Energy Power Station prove that enterprises only serve their own products to change electricity, and it is difficult to achieve profitability. At the same time, if every enterprise invests a lot of cost to lay the power station network, it will not only be difficult for enterprises, but also waste resources for the whole society. In the expert’s view, only when the car companies combine Lian Heng in power exchange and the overall market forms a scale effect can the problem be fundamentally solved.

　　Chang’ an’s mode of changing power stations is based on this idea. Aika Automobile understands that by joining hands with partners such as Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Aodong, State Grid and Iron Tower, Chang ‘an New Energy Power Exchange Station can support the power exchange services of seven major automobile companies such as BAIC, GAC, SAIC, FAW Hongqi, Pentium, Dongfeng Qichen, Chang ‘an and Jianghuai, which means that the power exchange station will have higher turnover rate and profitability.

　　But for the whole market, this model also means a new round of competition for the right to speak. "If you want to realize the universal interchangeability of batteries in many enterprises, you must formulate a unified battery specification. Whoever formulates this specification will occupy a dominant position in the new round of power exchange market. " The expert said, "If you want to continue to develop the power exchange mode, more and more car companies will cooperate, and the standard dispute of pure electric batteries will soon appear. At the same time, this debate is not limited to car companies, and charging operators are also important players in the power exchange market. Whether this standard is customized by car companies or formulated by charging operators also determines the right to speak in the battery field. "

　　In fact, despite the warmth of policy spring breeze, there are still a lot of problems for car companies to promote the development of power exchange mode. In addition to a large amount of capital investment, the cooperation between enterprises at the same level, the unification of battery specifications, the acceptance of consumers and the future dispute over the right to speak are all issues that need to be considered.

Notice on printing and distributing the influenza diagnosis and treatment plan (revised version in 2018)

Guo Wei Ban Yi Han [2018] No.1019

All provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and the Health and Health Committee of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (Health and Family Planning Commission) and the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:

In order to further standardize and strengthen the clinical management of influenza, reduce the occurrence of severe influenza and reduce the mortality rate, combined with the recent research results at home and abroad and the previous experience of influenza diagnosis and treatment in China, the Influenza Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (2018 Edition) was adjusted and improved, and the Influenza Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (2018 Edition Revised Edition) was formed. Is issued to you, please local health administrative departments at all levels (including the competent department of traditional Chinese medicine) attach great importance to the medical treatment of influenza.

General Office of National Health and Wellness Commission

Office of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine

November 19, 2018

Influenza diagnosis and treatment plan

(2018 revision)

Influenza (hereinafter referred to as influenza) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which breaks out and spreads all over the world.

The onset of influenza is acute, although most of them are self-limited, but some of them can develop into severe influenza due to complications such as pneumonia, and a few severe cases progress rapidly and may die due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and/or multiple organ failure. Severe influenza mainly occurs in high-risk groups such as the elderly, young children, pregnant women or those with chronic basic diseases, and can also occur in the general population.

The results of previous influenza surveillance in China show that China is about to enter the influenza epidemic season. In order to further standardize and strengthen the clinical management of influenza, reduce the occurrence of severe influenza and reduce the mortality rate, this diagnosis and treatment plan is formulated on the basis of the Influenza Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (2018 Edition), combined with recent research results at home and abroad and previous experience in influenza diagnosis and treatment in China.

I. Etiology

Influenza virus belongs to orthomyxoviridae and belongs to RNA virus. According to nuclear protein and matrix protein, it can be divided into four types: A, B, C and D.

At present, people are mainly infected with H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes of influenza A virus and Victoria and Yamagata strains of influenza B virus.

Influenza virus is sensitive to common disinfectants such as ethanol, iodophor and tincture of iodine. Sensitive to ultraviolet rays and heat, it can be inactivated at 56℃ for 30 minutes.

Second, epidemiology

(1) the source of infection. Influenza patients and recessive infected people are the main sources of influenza infection. It is contagious from the end of latent period to the acute period. Viruses generally detoxify in human respiratory secretions for 3-6 days, and children and patients with impaired immune function can detoxify for more than 1 week.

(2) means of transmission. Influenza is mainly spread by droplets such as sneezing and coughing, and is directly or indirectly infected by mucous membranes such as mouth, nose and eyes. Contact with items contaminated by viruses can also be infected through the above channels.

(3) Susceptible population. People are generally susceptible. Vaccination with influenza vaccine can effectively prevent influenza virus infection of corresponding subtypes.

(4) High-risk groups of severe cases. The following people infected with influenza virus are more likely to develop into severe cases, so they should be given great attention, treated with antiviral drugs as soon as possible, and tested for influenza virus nucleic acid and other necessary examinations.

1. Children under 5 years old (children under 2 years old are more likely to have serious complications);

2. Older people over 65 years old;

3. Those who are accompanied by the following diseases or conditions: chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases (except hypertension), nephropathy, liver diseases, hematological diseases, nervous system and neuromuscular diseases, metabolic and endocrine system diseases, and immunosuppression (including immunosuppression caused by immunosuppressants or HIV infection);

4. Obese people [body mass index (BMI) is greater than 30, BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m) 2];

5. Pregnant and perinatal women.

Third, the pathogenesis and pathology

(1) Pathogenesis. Influenza A and B viruses initiate infection by binding HA to the surface of respiratory epithelial cells containing sialic acid receptors. Influenza virus enters cells through endocytosis, and the virus genome is transcribed and replicated in the nucleus. A large number of new progeny virus particles were replicated, which spread through respiratory mucosa and infected other cells. After influenza virus infects human body, it can induce cytokine storm, lead to systemic inflammatory reaction, ARDS, shock and multiple organ failure, and children may have acute necrotizing encephalopathy.

(2) Pathological changes. Pathological changes are mainly manifested as cluster shedding of ciliated epithelial cells in respiratory tract, metaplasia of epithelial cells, congestion of mucosal cells in lamina propria, edema with monocyte infiltration and other pathological changes. Diffuse alveolar damage can occur in severe pneumonia. Diffuse congestion, edema and necrosis of brain tissue occur when encephalopathy is complicated. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy in children is characterized by symmetrical necrotizing lesions mainly in thalamus, and there is no obvious inflammatory reaction in the local area. Inflammatory reactions such as myocardial cell swelling, interstitial hemorrhage, lymphocyte infiltration and necrosis occur when heart damage is complicated.

Four, clinical manifestations and laboratory examination

The incubation period is usually 1-7 days, mostly 2-4 days.

(1) Clinical manifestations. The main symptoms are fever, headache, myalgia and general malaise. The body temperature can reach 39-40℃, and there may be chills and chills, accompanied by systemic symptoms such as sore muscles and joints, fatigue, loss of appetite, and often sore throat, dry cough, nasal congestion, runny nose and post-sternal discomfort. Facial flushing, conjunctival congestion.

Some of them are characterized by vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, which are common in children infected with influenza B.

Without complications, the course of the disease is self-limited. After 3-4 days of onset, the body temperature gradually subsides and the general symptoms get better, but it usually takes 1-2 weeks for cough and physical recovery.

(2) Complications. Pneumonia is the most common complication of influenza. Other complications include nervous system damage, heart damage, myositis, rhabdomyolysis syndrome and septic shock.

1. Pneumonia

Pneumonia complicated by influenza can be divided into primary influenza virus pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia or mixed pneumonia. The illness worsened 2-4 days after the onset of influenza, or worsened after the recovery of influenza, with high fever, severe cough, purulent sputum, dyspnea, moist rales in the lungs and signs of lung consolidation. The total number of white blood cells and neutrophils in peripheral blood increased significantly, mainly streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae.

2. Nervous system injury

Including encephalitis, meningitis, acute necrotizing encephalopathy, myelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, etc.

3. Heart damage

Heart injury is not common, mainly myocarditis and pericarditis. It can be seen that creatine kinase is elevated and ECG is abnormal, and heart failure may occur in severe cases. In addition, the risk of hospitalization and death related to myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease increased significantly after being infected with influenza virus.

4. Myositis and rhabdomyolysis

The main symptoms are myalgia, myasthenia, renal failure, increased serum creatine kinase and myoglobin, and acute kidney injury.

5. Septic shock

It is characterized by high fever, shock and multiple organ dysfunction.

(3) Laboratory inspection.

1. Peripheral blood routine: the total number of white blood cells is generally not high or low, and the lymphocyte count in severe cases is obviously reduced.

2. Blood biochemistry: hypokalemia occurred in some cases, and creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine increased in a few cases.

3. Etiology related examination:

(1) Detection of virus nucleic acid: Detect influenza virus nucleic acid in respiratory tract samples (throat swab, nose swab, nasopharyngeal or tracheal extract, sputum) by RT-PCR (preferably real-time RT-PCR). The specificity and sensitivity of virus nucleic acid detection are the best, and it can distinguish virus types and subtypes.

(2) Virus antigen detection (rapid diagnostic reagent detection): colloidal gold and immunofluorescence can be used for rapid antigen detection. Because the sensitivity of rapid antigen detection is lower than that of nucleic acid detection, the interpretation of the results of rapid antigen detection should be combined with the patient’s epidemic history and clinical symptoms.

(3) Serological detection: The dynamic detection of IgG antibody level in recovery period is 4 times or more than 4 times higher than that in acute period, which has retrospective diagnostic significance.

(4) Virus isolation and culture: influenza virus was isolated from respiratory tract samples. During the influenza epidemic season, patients with negative rapid antigen diagnosis and immunofluorescence detection of influenza-like cases are advised to isolate the virus.

(4) Imaging findings. Imaging examination of patients complicated with pneumonia showed patchy, ground glass shadow and multilobal exudative lesions in the lung; Those who progress rapidly can develop into diffuse exudative lesions or consolidation in both lungs, and pleural effusion can be seen in some cases.

In children complicated with pneumonia, the patchy shadows in the lungs appear earlier, with multiple and scattered distribution, which is easy to be inflated, and the imaging manifestations change rapidly. When the disease progresses, the lesions expand and fuse, and signs such as pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema may appear.

V. Diagnosis

The diagnosis is mainly combined with epidemiological history, clinical manifestations and pathogenic examination.

(1) Clinically diagnosed cases. The above-mentioned clinical manifestations of influenza have epidemiological evidence or positive detection of influenza rapid antigen, and other diseases causing influenza-like symptoms are excluded.

(two) to determine the diagnosis of cases. Have the above-mentioned flu clinical manifestations, and have one or more of the following pathogen test results positive:

1. Influenza virus nucleic acid test is positive.

2. The isolation and culture of influenza virus were positive.

3. The level of influenza virus-specific IgG antibody in acute phase and recovery phase increased by 4 times or more.

Six, severe and critical cases

(a) one of the following circumstances is a severe case.

1. Persistent high fever > 3 days, accompanied by severe cough, expectoration of pus, blood sputum, or chest pain;

2. Rapid breathing, dyspnea and cyanosis of the lips;

3. Mental changes: unresponsiveness, lethargy, restlessness, convulsions, etc.

4. Severe vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration;

5. pneumonia;

6. The original underlying diseases are obviously aggravated.

(two) one of the following circumstances is a critical case.

1. Respiratory failure;

2. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy;

3. Septic shock;

4. Multiple organ dysfunction;

5. There are other serious clinical conditions that need to be monitored and treated.

Seven, differential diagnosis

(1) The common cold. The general symptoms of influenza are more serious than the common cold; Tracking the epidemiological history is helpful for identification; The influenza pathogen test of the common cold is negative, or the corresponding evidence of infection pathogen can be found.

(2) Other types of upper respiratory tract infections. Include acute pharyngitis, tonsillitis, rhinitis and sinusitis. Infection and symptoms are mainly confined to the corresponding parts. The local secretion was negative for influenza etiology.

(3) Other lower respiratory tract infections. Influenza with cough symptoms or complicated with tracheobronchitis should be differentiated from acute tracheobronchitis; Pneumonia should be differentiated from other pneumonia, including bacterial pneumonia, chlamydia pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, viral pneumonia, fungal pneumonia and tuberculosis. According to the clinical features, a preliminary judgment can be made, and the diagnosis can be made by pathogenic examination.

Eight, treatment

(1) Basic principles.

1. The clinically diagnosed cases and confirmed cases should be treated in isolation as soon as possible.

2 hospitalization standards (meet one or more of the following standards):

(1) women in the middle and late pregnancy and perinatal period.

(2) The basic diseases are obviously aggravated, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, chronic cardiac insufficiency, chronic renal insufficiency and liver cirrhosis.

(3) Meet the diagnostic criteria for severe or severe influenza.

(4) accompanied by organ dysfunction.

3. Non-hospitalized patients are isolated at home and keep the room ventilated. Get enough rest, drink plenty of water, and the diet should be easy to digest and nutritious. Closely observe the changes of the disease, especially children and elderly patients.

4. High-risk groups infected with influenza virus are prone to severe influenza. Early antiviral treatment can alleviate symptoms, reduce complications, shorten the course of disease and reduce mortality.

5. Avoid blind or improper use of antibacterial drugs. Use antibacterial drugs only when there are indications of bacterial infection.

6. Children should avoid aspirin or aspirin-containing drugs and other salicylic acid preparations.

(2) symptomatic treatment. People with high fever can carry out physical cooling or apply antipyretic drugs. Patients with severe cough and expectoration are given antitussive and expectorant drugs. According to the degree of hypoxia, oxygen therapy is carried out in an appropriate way.

(3) antiviral treatment.

1. Timing of anti-influenza virus treatment

Patients with severe or high-risk factors of severe influenza should be given anti-influenza virus treatment as soon as possible, without waiting for virus test results. Antiviral treatment within 48 hours of onset can reduce complications, mortality and hospitalization time. Severe patients with onset time over 48 h can still benefit from antiviral treatment.

Patients who are not severe and have no high risk factors for severe influenza may also consider antiviral treatment within 48 hours after the onset of the disease and after evaluating the risks and benefits.

2. Anti-influenza drugs

Neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) is effective for influenza A and B..

(1) oseltamivir (capsule/granule): The adult dose is 75mg each time, twice a day. Children aged 1 year and above should be given drugs according to their weight: those weighing less than 15Kg should be given 30mg twice a day; Those who weigh 15 ~ 23 kg are given 45mg twice a day; Those weighing 23 ~ 40kg were given 60mg twice a day; Those who weigh more than 40Kg are given 75mg twice a day. The course of treatment is 5 days, and the course of treatment for severe patients can be extended appropriately. Patients with renal insufficiency should adjust the dose according to renal function.

(2) Zanamivir: suitable for adults and adolescents over 7 years old, usage: twice a day with an interval of 12 hours; 10mg each time (inhaled twice). However, inhalants are not recommended for patients with severe illness or complications.

(3) Paramivir: the dosage for adults is 300-600 mg, 6mg/kg for newborns less than 30 days, 8mg/kg for infants 31-90 days, and 10mg/kg for children aged 91-17 years, once a day for 1-5 days, and the course of treatment for severe cases can be appropriately extended. At present, the clinical application data is limited, and the adverse reactions should be closely observed.

Ion channel M2 blockers amantadine and rimantadine are only effective for influenza A virus, but the current monitoring data show that influenza A virus is resistant to them, so it is not recommended to use them.

(4) Treatment of severe cases.

Treatment principle: actively treat the primary disease, prevent and treat complications, and provide effective organ function support.

1. In case of hypoxemia or respiratory failure, corresponding treatment measures should be given in time, including oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation.

2. Give corresponding anti-shock treatment when combined with shock.

3. When other organ functions are damaged, give corresponding support and treatment.

4. When secondary infection occurs, give corresponding anti-infection treatment.

(5) Chinese medicine treatment

1. Treatment scheme based on syndrome differentiation for mild symptoms.

(1) Wind-heat invasion.

Main symptoms: early onset, fever or no fever, red throat discomfort, mild cough with little phlegm, and no sweat.

Tongue pulse: red tongue, thin or greasy fur, floating pulse.

Treatment: dispelling wind and relieving exterior syndrome, clearing away heat and toxic materials.

Basic prescription: Yinqiao powder combined with Sangju drink.

Honeysuckle 15g forsythia 15g mulberry leaf 10g chrysanthemum 10g

Platycodon grandiflorum 10g burdock 15g bamboo leaves 6g reed rhizome 30g

Mint (bottom) 3g raw licorice 3g

Decocting method: decoct with water, 400 ml for each dose, 200 ml for each oral administration, twice a day; If necessary, you can take 2 doses a day, once every 6 hours, 200 ml each time.

Addition and subtraction: thick and greasy fur with 10g of Pogostemon and 10 g of Eupatorium odoratum;

10g almond and 10g roasted loquat leaves are added to cough;

6g of Coptidis Rhizoma and 3 g of Radix Aucklandiae are added for diarrhea;

9g of Brocade and 15g of Scrophularia are added for sore throat.

If you vomit, you can first take 6g of Rhizoma Coptidis and 10g of Folium Perillae with water.

Commonly used Chinese patent medicines: dispersing wind and relieving exterior syndrome, clearing away heat and toxic materials, such as Jinhua Qinggan Granule, Lianhua Qingwen Capsule (granule), Qingkailing Granule (capsule, soft capsule, tablet), dispersing wind and toxic materials, Yinqiao Jiedu Granule, Sangju Colds, etc.

Children can choose children’s anti-flu granules and children’s chiqiao Qingre granules.

(2) Heat toxin attacks the lungs.

Main symptoms: high fever, cough, sticky and uncomfortable phlegm, thirst, sore throat and red eyes.

Tongue pulse: red tongue, yellow or greasy fur, and slippery pulse.

Treatment: clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispersing lung and relieving cough.

Basic prescription: Maxing Shigan Decoction.

Roasted ephedra 5g almond 10g gypsum Fibrosum (fried first) 30g.

Anemarrhena rhizome 10g Fritillaria thunbergii 10g Platycodon grandiflorum 10g Scutellaria baicalensis 15g

Bupleurum chinense 15g raw licorice 10g

Decocting method: decoct with water, 400 ml for each dose, 200 ml for each oral administration, twice a day; If necessary, you can take 2 doses a day, once every 6 hours, 200 ml each time.

Addition and subtraction: 6 g of raw rhubarb (lower back) for constipation;

10g of Rhizoma Atractylodis and 10g of Cortex Magnolia Officinalis are added for thick and greasy fur;

15g of Artemisia annua and 10g of Cortex Moutan are added for continuous high fever.

Commonly used Chinese patent medicines: clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispersing lung and relieving cough, such as Lianhua Qingwen capsule (granule), Yinhuang preparation, Lianhua Qingre preparation, etc.

Children can choose Xiaoer Feire Kechuan Granule (oral liquid), Xiaoer Kechuanling Granule (oral liquid) and antelope horn powder.

2. Severe syndrome differentiation treatment scheme.

(1) Toxic heat blocks the lung.

Main symptoms: persistent high fever, severe cough, little or no phlegm, shortness of breath, head and body pain; Or accompanied by palpitations, irritability.

Tongue pulse: red tongue, thin yellow or greasy fur, and numerous pulse strings.

Treatment: detoxification and heat clearing, purging lung and activating collaterals.

Basic prescription: Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction.

Roasted Ephedra 6g Gypsum Fibrosum (fried first) 40g Almond 9gAnemarrhena 10g

Houttuynia cordata 15g Lepidium 10g Scutellaria baicalensis 10g Fritillaria thunbergii 10g

Raw rhubarb 6g Artemisia annua 15g Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10g Radix Glycyrrhizae 3g

Decocting method: decoct with water, 400 ml for each dose, 200 ml for each oral administration, twice a day; If necessary, you can take 2 doses a day, once every 6 hours, 200 ml each time. Can also be nasal feeding or colon drip.

Addition and subtraction: continuous high fever plus antelope horn powder 0.6g (separately) and Angong Niuhuang Pill 1;

Abdominal distension and constipation are added with 9g of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and 6g of Sodium Sulfate (separately);

Ten grams of American ginseng and six grams of Schisandra chinensis are added to patients with dyspnea and sweating fatigue.

(2) Toxic heat invaginates, and the toxic heat invades.

Main symptoms: vague and indifferent knowledge, dark lips and claws, shallow breathing, pink blood, burning chest and abdomen, cold limbs, sweating and less urine.

Tongue pulse: red or dull tongue, heavy and thready pulse.

Treatment: Yiqi Gutuo, Qingre Jiedu.

Basic prescription: Shenfu decoction.

Sun-dried ginseng 15g processed aconite root (fried first) 10g coptis root 6g

Honeysuckle 20g raw rhubarb 6g Artemisia annua 15g

Cornus officinalis 15g Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 10g

Decocting method: decoct with water, 400 ml for each dose, 200 ml for each oral administration, twice a day; If necessary, you can take 2 doses a day, once every 6 hours, 200 ml each time. Can also be nasal feeding or colon drip.

3. Treatment scheme based on syndrome differentiation in recovery period.

Deficiency of both qi and yin, failure to restore healthy qi.

Main symptoms: fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, scanty phlegm and anorexia.

Tongue pulse: dark or reddish tongue, thin and greasy fur, thin pulse string.

Treatment: benefiting qi and nourishing yin.

Basic prescription: Shashen Maimendong Decoction.

Adenophora adenophora 15g Ophiopogon japonicus 15g Schisandra 10g Fritillaria thunbergii 10g

Almond 10g Artemisia annua 10g roasted loquat leaf 10g

Jiao Sanxian 10g each.

Decocting method: decoct with water, 400 ml for each dose, 200 ml for each oral administration, twice a day; If necessary, you can take 2 doses a day, once every 6 hours, 200 ml each time. Can also be nasal feeding or colon drip.

Note:

1. When pregnant women get sick, the treatment should refer to the adult plan, avoid using contraindications for pregnancy, treat the disease and prevent miscarriage simultaneously, and pay attention to the dosage, so as to stop the middle disease.

2. Children can refer to the adult treatment plan and adjust the dosage according to pediatric regulations. Chinese patent medicines without indications for children should not be used.

IX. Prevention

(1) Vaccination. Vaccination against influenza is the most effective means to prevent influenza, which can significantly reduce the risk of influenza and serious complications. It is recommended that people aged 60 and above, children aged 6 months to 5 years, pregnant women, family members and caregivers of children under 6 months, patients with chronic diseases and medical staff be vaccinated with influenza vaccine every year.

(2) drug prevention. Drug prevention can not replace vaccination, but can only be used as an emergency temporary preventive measure for high-risk groups of severe influenza who have not been vaccinated or have not gained immunity after vaccination. Oseltamivir, zanamivir, etc. can be used.

(3) General preventive measures. Maintaining good personal hygiene habits is an important means to prevent respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza. The main measures include: enhancing physical fitness and immunity; Wash your hands frequently; Keep the environment clean and ventilated; Minimize activities in crowded places and avoid contact with patients with respiratory infections; Maintain good respiratory hygiene habits, cover your mouth and nose with your upper arm or paper towel or towel when coughing or sneezing, wash your hands after coughing or sneezing, and try to avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth; If you have symptoms of respiratory infection, you should rest at home and seek medical treatment as soon as possible.

　 　 [XCAR car original]

　　　　In the last issue of "Engine Oil Lecture Hall (I)", the author explained to you what engine oil is, what is the meaning of engine oil label, and how to distinguish between true and false engine oil. Some friends may ask, saying that there are many doorways in this oil, so how should we choose? Don’t worry, we will continue to talk to you about engine oil in this issue of Engine Oil Lecture Hall (Part II).

　　　　The first part helps everyone to better understand the engine oil through simple introduction and parameter analysis. This article will mainly combine theoretical knowledge with practice to talk about how to choose engine oil. As the so-called "suit the remedy to the case", the reason why we change the oil is the same. If we want to choose the right medicine, we must first understand what the "symptom" is. Everyone knows that engine oil is engine lubricating oil, so its function is only as simple as lubrication? Below, the author will give you a brief introduction to the role of engine oil, which is also convenient for us to "prescribe the right medicine".

1. What is the function of engine oil?

　　　　Engine oil plays an important role in the engine. As long as the engine is running, the engine oil will not stop flowing, and in this flow, it will complete its mission. So what are the main functions of engine oil?

1, lubrication, reduce wear and tear

　　　　Lubricating oil, of course, the first task is lubrication. When the engine is running, high-speed friction will occur on the surfaces of various metal parts. The function of engine oil is to form an oil film between parts through flow, reduce friction resistance and reduce wear, thus prolonging the life of the engine.

2. Cleaning function

　　　　When the engine oil circulates in the engine, it can bring out the carbon deposit, oil stain, sludge and other dirty things produced by the engine, and finally settle in the oil pan to prevent the dirty things from re-entering the engine, thus achieving the cleaning function.

3. Protective effect

　　　　In addition to lubricating the engine, engine oil can also play a protective role through its own "oiliness". For example, engine oil adheres to the surface of metal parts for a long time, so that the metal parts are isolated from the air, which can play a role in rust prevention and oxidation resistance. In addition, the oil adheres to the gap between parts, and the oil film formed can make the parts better sealed and reduce the possibility of leakage.

4. Auxiliary cooling

　　　　With the continuous circulation and flow of the engine in high-speed operation, the engine oil can take out part of the heat in the engine and play an auxiliary cooling role.

5. Buffering effect

　　　　Engine oil can bear part of the impact load transmitted by the bearing, and at the same time, it can also play a certain buffering role for the mutual impact between components.

Second, how should I choose engine oil?

　　　　The above introduces some basic knowledge about engine oil, so what should we do in the process of actually selecting and buying engine oil? The following editor will give you a few tips and introduce how to choose the right engine oil in different categories.

1. The 4S shop told me that this engine oil is special. Is it true?

　　　　First of all, engine oil only has the similar industry standards such as SAE and API mentioned above. Because engine oil manufacturers don’t develop engine oil according to a certain model, there is no such thing as "special vehicle" or "original engine oil", and those products packaged as "original engine oil" are actually produced by engine oil manufacturers, even commercial engine oil. The reason for this phenomenon is just that automobile manufacturers pursue profits. Secondly, as long as you choose the engine oil that meets the vehicle’s use environment, it is appropriate. So don’t be superstitious about those "special engine oil" statements.

2. What kind of engine oil is used in winter?

　　　　Before the cold winter comes, if you happen to need to change the oil, it is recommended that you choose a type with good low temperature fluidity. For example, if you are in the cold northern region, it is recommended that you choose the product with the label of 0W, such as Jinjixing J700U(0W-40/0W-50). If you are in the south where winter is not cold, it is enough to choose products with the label of 5W and 10W. For example, Jinjixing series J500, J600 and J700 all have products with 5W-40 and 5W-30.

3. What kind of engine oil is used in summer?

　　　　Although the temperature is high in summer, it is still a drop in the bucket compared with the high temperature of about 100℃ in the engine, so the selection of engine oil in summer is not too affected by the environment. At present, the viscosity of synthetic engine oil is less affected by temperature, and the engine produced in recent years has newer technology and more precise components, so it doesn’t need too much oil viscosity. In most parts of China, you can only choose SAE 30 products. If your engine is old or worn, it is recommended that you choose SAE 40 products.

4. My car is turbocharged. What kind of engine oil should I use?

　　　　We know that the turbocharged engine with the same displacement is more powerful than the naturally aspirated engine, and its components are more prone to wear, which is beyond doubt. So what kind of oil does a turbocharged engine need? Turbocharged engines need oil with good wear resistance, high temperature resistance, high oil film strength and so on. It is suggested to choose all synthetic engine oil or semi-synthetic engine oil, because synthetic engine oil is the best choice for turbocharged vehicles because of its small temperature change and strong high temperature resistance, which can ensure the oil film strength.

5. synthetic engine oil is so good, is it suitable for all cars?

　　　　Theoretically, all cars can be used in synthetic engine oil. Synthetic engine oil is favored by many car owners because of its good wear resistance and stable stickiness, but are all cars suitable for all synthetic engine oil? The answer is no, for most cars, all synthetic engine oil is a good choice, but its thin oil film is not suitable for old cars with serious wear and tear, or economic models with insufficient engine processing accuracy, because the gap between engine parts of these two types of cars is usually large, and the thin oil film of full synthetic oil can not play a good role in lubrication, resulting in unnecessary wear, resulting in the situation that the anti-wear effect is not as good as that of mineral oil. Therefore, although "flour and rice" is delicious, it may not fill your stomach. Not all cars in synthetic engine oil are suitable.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress: "Promote the optimization and upgrading of goods trade, innovate the development mechanism of service trade, develop digital trade, and accelerate the construction of a trade power." With the development of global economic integration, the penetration of digital technology into trade, the rise of developing countries and the popularization of high-standard international economic and trade rules, international trade has shown a new trend of generalization, digitalization, greening, integration, service, re-globalization and security. Standing at the new starting point of the development of human society in the digital age and facing the new goal of building a socialist modern power in an all-round way, the construction of a trade power should fully understand and grasp the general trend of international trade development, make precise policies on the new track of international trade competition, and strive to enhance the innovation, competitiveness, radiation, influence and security of China’s trade.

　　First, grasp the general trend of universal development of international trade subjects, optimize the business environment of enterprises, and establish a cooperation platform for large, medium and small enterprises

　　In recent years, with the deepening of the division of global value chain and the penetration of digital technology into trade, small and medium-sized enterprises have entered the international market by participating in the division of global value chain and cross-border electronic commerce, becoming a new force in international trade, and the main body of international trade has shown a new trend of universal development.

　　An important symbol of a trading power is that trade has great radiation and influence on economic growth, people’s well-being and employment. The participation of small and medium-sized enterprises in cross-border electronic commerce and global value chains is conducive to meeting diversified international demands, encouraging enterprises to innovate, improving enterprise productivity and income, expanding employment and achieving inclusive growth. At present, private enterprises have accounted for half of China’s foreign trade import and export. In 2022, private enterprises accounted for 50.9% of the total import and export value and contributed 80.8% to foreign trade growth. Grasping the general trend of general development of trade subjects and enhancing the radiation and influence of China’s foreign trade, we should optimize the business environment of enterprises, fully implement the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Development and Growth of Private Economy, optimize the development environment of private economy, increase policy support for private economy, accelerate the cultivation of foreign trade business subjects, and strive to promote the high-quality development of private economy; It is necessary to establish a cooperation platform for large, medium and small enterprises, provide a public trading platform, an innovation platform and an industrial chain and supply chain cooperation platform for small and medium enterprises, enhance the digitalization, innovation and management capabilities of small and medium enterprises, promote small and medium enterprises to expand direct exports through cross-border e-commerce, and drive small and medium enterprises to participate in the global value chain by providing intermediate products for large enterprises, expand indirect exports and create jobs; It is necessary to strengthen international cooperation, attach great importance to SME clauses in bilateral, regional and cross-regional trade negotiations, reduce non-tariff barriers affecting the export of SMEs, and promote international cooperation and market development of SMEs.

　　Second, grasp the digital and green development trend of international trade objects, deepen international trade innovation, and promote the digital and green transformation of trade.

　　Digital technology has changed the trade object, trade mode and trade scale, purchased products and services by digital ordering and digital delivery, and promoted the development of digital trade. Since 2005, the export of digital delivery services has more than tripled, far exceeding the growth rate of trade in goods and other services. In 2019, global e-commerce sales jumped to 26.7 trillion US dollars, equivalent to 30% of the global GDP. At the same time, the higher greenhouse gas emissions caused by the production, transportation, distribution and consumption of traded products have spawned new low-carbon trade regulations such as carbon tariffs, carbon labels, carbon certification and carbon footprints, and also promoted the development of green trade with environmental products and services as trading objects. According to World Trade Organization data, as of 2018, carbon dioxide emissions related to international exports of goods and services accounted for 30% of global carbon emissions. Countries seize the new track of digital economy development, meet the new challenges of climate change, and promote sustainable economic development. Digitalization and greening of international trade objects have become the new trend of international trade development in the future.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that in today’s era, digital technology and digital economy are the opportunities for the world’s scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and they are the key areas of a new round of international competition. We must seize the opportunities and seize the commanding heights of future development. Innovation is the key to building a powerful trading country, and innovation determines the competitiveness and influence of international trade. To occupy the commanding heights of international trade competition in the future, China should focus on deepening international trade innovation. To reshape the digital supply chain as the core and promote the digital transformation of trade, we should formulate trade and investment policies aimed at promoting technological innovation of enterprises and cultivate innovative subjects; Around the establishment of a new digital supply chain ecosystem, promote the digital transformation of traditional foreign trade enterprises and service enterprises; Use digital tools to promote the innovation of supervision mode, establish a digital public service platform through internet plus’s supervision, promote cross-departmental, cross-level and cross-regional collaborative supervision, and form a multi-governance system with the participation of government, platform, enterprises, industry organizations and the public. We should improve the green trade system, accelerate the green transformation, coordinate technology policy, trade policy, investment policy, environmental policy and ecological security policy, establish a green trade statistics system, a green low-carbon trade standard and certification system, and an ecological environment risk prevention mechanism to improve the green trade system; Reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers to environmental products and services and expand imports of environmental technologies and services. Strengthen international cooperation and actively participate in the negotiation of global digital trade and green trade rules. As a big digital trade country, China should strengthen multi-level international cooperation and benchmark the new rules of the World Trade Organization.Timely revision and improvement of laws that adapt to the development of digital economy and society; Accelerate the negotiation of the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement, and expand international cooperation in the digital economy under the framework of regional and cross-regional trade agreements. As a big green trade country, China should actively set issues in multilateral trade negotiations and actively participate in the formulation of international rules, standards and management of green trade; Give priority to the inclusion of environmental provisions in bilateral and regional trade and investment negotiations and reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers; Create a professional platform for international cooperation in green trade development and promote international transactions in green technologies, products and services.

　　Third, grasp the general trend of service-oriented development of international trade structure, promote industrial integration and development, and enhance international competitiveness with digital empowerment and high-level opening up.

　　For a long time, the proportion of service trade in international trade has remained above 20%. In recent years, the development of digital technology has broken through the restriction of non-tradable services. With the liberalization of global service trade, the growth rate of service trade exceeds that of goods trade. The World Trade Organization predicts that according to the traditional trade statistics, the proportion of service trade in international trade will increase from 18% in 1995 to 25% in 2030, and it may reach 30% in 2040. According to the added value statistics, the added value of services in international trade in goods and services accounts for nearly half. Service-oriented international trade structure will become the general trend of trade development.

　　The essence of a trading power is that the industry has strong international competitiveness. Service industry and service trade are the shortcomings of China’s economic development. In 2022, service trade accounted for 12.3% of China’s total foreign trade, far below the world average (21.1%). The service trade has a long-term deficit, and the international competitiveness of most industries is weak. The management system and mechanism of service trade need to be improved urgently, which has become an obstacle to the construction of a strong trading country. To enhance the international competitiveness of China’s service trade, we should strengthen the new understanding of service value-added, promote the integrated development of service trade with modern service industry, high-end manufacturing industry and modern agriculture, accelerate the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and enhance trade income; It is necessary to expand the service industry’s opening to the outside world, seize the development opportunity of global service trade liberalization, steadily expand the institutional opening to international economic and trade rules, improve the negative list management system of cross-border service trade, expand the opening to the outside world of telecommunications, tourism, law, vocational examinations and other service fields, and attract high-end service elements to gather in China; It is necessary to promote digital transformation, seize the new opportunity of service tradeability brought by digital globalization, accelerate the transformation of production relations adapted to the development of digital technology, promote institutional innovation around digital transformation, establish and improve the legal system, facilitation system and supervision system to promote the development of service trade, accelerate the cultivation of new digital kinetic energy of service trade, and realize the leap-forward development of service trade.

　　Fourth, grasp the general trend of the re-globalization of the international trade market structure, build the "Belt and Road" with high quality, and build a global development community.

　　After World War II, developed countries dominated the international market for a long time with their unique technological advantages, industrial advantages and monopoly advantages. Since the 1980s, developing countries, represented by China, have risen in groups. The proportion of developing economies in world output has increased from 24% to over 40%, from less than 1/3 to nearly 1/2 of the total trade in goods, and from 1/4 to 1/3 of the total trade in services. In the past decade, the contribution rate of BRICS countries to world economic growth has exceeded 50%, making it an important engine of world economic growth. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that in today’s world, people of all countries are a community of shared destiny, and markets, funds, resources, information and talents are highly globalized. Only when the world develops can countries develop; Only when countries develop can the world develop. At present, the BRICS countries have expanded from five to eleven countries, and the African Union has joined the G20 to build the Belt and Road Initiative for ten years, which has attracted more than three-quarters of countries and 32 international organizations. The group rise of developing countries will continue to be a force to promote world economic growth. The World Trade Organization predicts that by 2040, the share of developing countries in service trade will increase from 35% to nearly 40%, and its share in total trade will exceed 50%. Unilateralism, hegemonism and protectionism cannot stop the trend of globalization, and the re-globalization of the international trade market structure is unstoppable.

　　An important symbol of a trading power is that a country’s trade has great radiation and influence on world economic growth, sustainable development and employment. Grasp the general trend of the re-globalization of the international trade market structure, build a global development community, and enhance the radiation and influence of China’s trade. We should speed up the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, practice global development initiatives, focus on key areas such as green development, new industrialization, and digital economy, strengthen cooperation in poverty alleviation, education, and health, build a global development community, and create a development pattern of balanced benefits, coordination, tolerance, win-win cooperation, and common prosperity; It is necessary to jointly build the "Belt and Road" with high quality, aim at high standards, sustainability and benefiting people’s lives, adhere to the direction of high-quality and high-standard cooperation, and take poverty alleviation, food security, education and health, development financing, green development, industrialization, digital economy and interconnection as key areas of cooperation, so that developing countries can better integrate into the international division of labor, share the fruits of economic globalization, and strive to achieve a higher level of cooperation and higher input efficiency. It is necessary to strengthen South-South cooperation, give full play to the role of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, an important platform for South-South cooperation, implement the outcome of the 2023 China-Africa Leaders’ Dialogue, practice the Initiative of Supporting Africa’s Industrialization, steadily implement the China Plan for Helping Africa’s Agricultural Modernization and the China-Africa Cooperation Plan for Talent Training, promote Africa’s integration and modernization, and realize the common prosperity and sustainable development of the Chinese and African people.

　　5. Grasp the general trend of universal development of high-standard international economic and trade rules, and comprehensively deepen reform and expand opening up to high-standard international economic and trade rules.

　　Regional and cross-regional negotiations such as the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement, the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement have reconstructed high-standard international economic and trade rules, triggering the domestication of international economic and trade rules; The negative list management of service trade has entered the trans-regional partnership agreements such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement from the regional trade agreement of the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement, which has led to the trans-regional economic and trade rules. The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement is by far the largest free trade agreement in the world, with its total population, economic scale and total trade volume accounting for 1/3 of the global total. The Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement involves a population of more than 500 million. After Britain’s accession, the trade scale exceeds that of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, affecting Eurasia, and the trend of universality of high-standard international economic and trade rules is taking shape.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that we should focus on promoting high-level opening to the outside world, continue to comprehensively deepen reform, and steadily expand institutional opening such as rules, regulations, management and standards. International economic and trade rules determine the content and scale of trade, the competitiveness, radiation and influence of trade and the future of trade. In order to conform to the general trend of the universality of contemporary high-standard international economic and trade rules and enhance the competitiveness, radiation and influence of China’s foreign trade, it is necessary to raise the standard international economic and trade rules, promote reform by opening up to the outside world, seize the development opportunity of domestication of international economic and trade rules, deepen reform in an all-round way, and give play to the driving force of trade on domestic economic reform, the traction of economic growth and the radiation of sustainable development; We should participate in the negotiation of high-standard international economic and trade rules, promote cooperation through openness, enhance the international competitiveness of China’s foreign trade in a wider range, in a wider field and in a deeper level of international cooperation, give play to the traction of China’s economy on the world economy in the linkage with the global economy, and enhance the radiation and influence of China’s foreign trade.

　　Six, grasp the development trend of international trade environment security, strengthen international cooperation, establish and improve the international trade security system.

　　The impact of external shocks such as Sino-US trade friction, COVID-19 epidemic and Ukrainian crisis on international trade has aroused great concern of the international community on trade security. In order to maintain the global hegemonic position and ensure economic security, the United States, based on western democratic values, forced the implementation of friendly shore outsourcing, offshore outsourcing, decoupling and breaking the chain, and reshaped the global value chain; The European Commission issued the European Economic Security Strategy, and formulated a policy framework to safeguard the EU’s economic security, to guard against supply chain and energy security risks, key infrastructure and network security risks, and technology leakage risks. Japan adopted the Law on Promoting Economic Security to strengthen the security of key products and important materials supply chain and strengthen the review of key infrastructure. Industrial chain supply chain security, data security, food security, energy security, science and technology security, financial security, biological security, the unprecedented changes in a hundred years have accelerated the evolution of the new trade environment, ensuring trade security has become the general trend of global trade development.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that we should make overall plans for development and security, pay equal attention to development and security, and realize the benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security. Trade security is the foundation and premise of building a strong trading country, and a strong trading country must first be safe. To cope with the changes in the external trade security environment and comprehensively enhance the security of China’s foreign trade, we must accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, realize the security and controllability of key industries, infrastructure, strategic resources, major science and technology, and firmly grasp the strategic initiative of coordinating national development and security in our own hands; It is necessary to improve the international trade security system, strengthen the trade security risk early warning, prevention and control mechanism and capacity building, improve the modern export control system, industrial injury early warning system and foreign investment national security review system, strengthen the protection of overseas interests and risk early warning, safe and efficient trade risk management, and establish a trade security governance system with supply chain security as the core; It is necessary to strengthen international cooperation, give full play to the important role of international trade in maintaining peace and security, safeguard the authority of the rules-based multilateral trading system, strengthen regional and cross-regional cooperation, resist the risks that may be brought about by trade concentration through trade diversification, and promote world peace and development through open cooperation and interconnection.

　　(Author: national academy of economic strategy researcher)

　　Editor in charge: Sun Jian