The Japanese side is keen on whitewashing what is wrong, trying to create the illusion that nuclear polluted water is safe and harmless by launching an intensive public relations offensive at home and abroad. This practice exposes its selfishness of not caring about the global marine environment and public health but only caring about its own interests.

　　The legitimacy, legality and safety of Japan’s plan to discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea have been questioned by the international community. Protests in Japan and neighboring countries have come and gone, and the voices of opposition from the international community have continued. Japan should have seriously responded to the concerns of the international community and made every effort to dispose of nuclear polluted water in a scientific, safe and transparent way. However, the Japanese side is keen on whitewashing what is wrong, trying to create the illusion that nuclear polluted water is safe and harmless by launching an intensive public relations offensive at home and abroad. This practice exposes its selfishness of not caring about the global marine environment and public health but only caring about its own interests.

　　The Japanese side pushed the plan of discharging nuclear polluted water into the sea, which was accompanied by a well-planned public relations offensive from the beginning. Established in 2012, Reconstruction Agency is responsible for the reconstruction of disaster areas, but the agency allocates public relations funds every year to instill in people the message that the impact of Fukushima nuclear accident has been eliminated. On April 13th, 2021, on the day when the Japanese government unilaterally decided to discharge the nuclear polluted water into the sea, Reconstruction Agency released the propaganda posters and videos made in advance in its official website, in an attempt to "win a good impression" by packaging the indelible radioactive elements in the nuclear polluted water into a mascot image. This move caused serious dissatisfaction among the Japanese people and the international community. The people of Fukushima indignantly pointed out that "(these propaganda) is completely out of place with the grim reality facing Fukushima." In the end, Reconstruction Agency had to withdraw the related products.

　　For more than two years, instead of learning a lesson, Japan has continued to carry out a series of publicity actions to the public around the so-called safety of nuclear polluted water. Many Japanese newspapers, TV stations, etc. publish and broadcast a large number of advertisements about the so-called safety of nuclear polluted water, disturbing and covering up people’s worries and opposition. The Japanese government has repeatedly called the nuclear polluted water that has been treated by the "multi-nuclide treatment system" but still contains many radionuclides "treated water" in an attempt to dilute its pollution characteristics and potential harm. The Japanese government has also set up a special fund with a total amount of 80 billion yen (about 4 billion yuan), and plans to provide "compensation" to the fishing-related industries in areas affected by the discharge of nuclear polluted water into the sea, in an attempt to avoid troubles with the so-called "compensation fee". This is another proof that the Japanese side covers up the harm of nuclear polluted water discharged into the sea.

　　The Japanese side has also stepped up its public relations with some countries, international institutions and organizations, trying to win over all parties to endorse its plan to discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea. In April this year, at the press conference of the meeting of ministers of climate, energy and environment of the Group of Seven, Japanese Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry Yasutoshi Nishimura said that the decommissioning of the Fukushima nuclear power plant, including the steady progress in the discharge of nuclear polluted water into the sea, would be welcomed. German Minister of Environment, Nature Protection, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection Lemcke retorted on the spot, saying that "we cannot welcome the discharge of nuclear polluted water into the sea". The Japanese government also used the NATO Summit, the East Asia Cooperation Series Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, the Eastern Caribbean Fisheries Ministers’ Meeting and other occasions to defend the Fukushima nuclear pollution water discharge plan.

　　Whether it is to launch a public opinion offensive at home or to lobby and win over internationally, the Japanese side has used its strength in the wrong place. All parties concerned strongly oppose Japan’s plan to discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea, and demand that Japan stop pushing the plan to discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea, fully communicate with stakeholders including neighboring countries in a sincere manner, effectively dispose of nuclear polluted water in a responsible manner, and accept strict international supervision. However, so far, Japan has been bent on promoting the plan of discharging nuclear polluted water into the sea, not only failing to fully study and demonstrate other disposal schemes, but also failing to seriously respond to the concerns of the international community. Its selfish approach has disappointed the international community.

　　No matter whether it is a public opinion offensive at home or lobbying internationally, Japan’s small moves can’t dispel the doubts of the domestic people and the international community about the discharge of nuclear polluted water into the sea. Recently, Japanese fishermen have repeatedly reiterated their opposition to nuclear pollution water discharging into the sea, and the opposition party in South Korea has also expressed the Korean people’s concerns and opposition to the plan through letters. People in many countries held protests in front of Japanese embassies and consulates in the Philippines, new york, Sydney and other places, demanding that Japan stop the plan of discharging nuclear polluted water into the sea. Because people are well aware that once Japan’s plan to discharge the sea is implemented, it will impose unpredictable nuclear pollution risks on the international community.

　　Discharging nuclear polluted water into the ocean is an adventurous gamble that harms human beings. Japan should face up to the concerns of the international community, shoulder its due moral responsibilities and obligations under international law, and find a proper way to dispose of nuclear polluted water. Until the concerns of the international community about the legitimacy of the nuclear polluted water discharge scheme, data reliability, effectiveness of purification devices and uncertainty of environmental impact are resolved, Japan should not start the nuclear polluted water discharge without authorization.

[Editor’s note]

Thirteen years ago today, when most people heard the news of Leslie Cheung’s death from friends and colleagues, they thought it was just a joke on April Fool’s Day, until it was confirmed on TV news.

April 1st is supposed to be an ordinary April Fool’s Day, but it is special because of Leslie Cheung.

The Paper was authorized to extract the chapter recording his last day from Leslie Cheung’s latest biography Nian Rong in memory of this respected singer and star.

April 1st.

This day is supposed to be an ordinary day, and at most it is an ordinary April Fool’s Day.

Hong Kong, like most Asian regions, April Fool’s Day has never been a holiday.

It was not until April Fool’s Day in 2003 that many people first felt that April Fool’s Day was both playful and cruel.

From the end of 20th century to the beginning of 21st century, Leslie Cheung has done a lot in just a few years. But not many people know what kind of life he is living when he doesn’t appear in albums, movies, TV, newspapers and magazines. Everyone only knows that his public appearances are getting less and less.

He said that he had acid reflux, which affected his throat and vocal cords.

Brigitte Lin said that she watched a movie with him, only to find that his arm around her hand kept shaking.

Anita Mui said that she heard that he was very unhappy, and tried every means to contact him, making phone calls and writing cards, but never found him.

Chen Shufen said that he suffered physically and mentally. His hands were shaking, he couldn’t sleep, and he was sweating. When his illness broke out, all his muscles ached as if he were going to tear his flesh apart.

Tang Hede said that he has been very cooperative and has been seeing doctors regularly.

then what

In November 2002, he committed suicide, but it didn’t work.

He, who people can’t see, has been tortured by the disease.

At about 10 o’clock in the morning, Alfred Mok, an interior designer, received a phone call, which was from Leslie Cheung.

"Let’s have lunch together!" Leslie Cheung said.

Alfred Mok is the designer of Leslie Cheung’s apartment, and they have a close personal friendship.

However, two days ago, the horse named by Alfred Mok’s adopted son won the championship in the race, and the horse’s name was named by Leslie Cheung, so Alfred Mok made a phone call to give Leslie Cheung good news, but he didn’t answer the phone at that time.

"I called you and didn’t listen. How did you know I was free today!" Alfred Mok deliberately said such a thing to tease Leslie Cheung, but from the other party’s response, he felt that Leslie Cheung really wanted to meet himself, and then he put away his joke: "Silly boy, I will definitely have lunch with you."

Two people made an appointment to meet at Fusion Restaurant in Causeway Bay at one o’clock, which was chosen because it was close to Alfred Mok’s office.

At 1pm, Alfred Mok arrived at Fusion Restaurant as scheduled. There, he saw Leslie Cheung wearing a dark gray T-shirt and a light gray suit jacket, wearing a mask and sitting quietly.

No sooner had Alfred Mok sat down than Leslie Cheung said to him, "Someone is coughing next door. Why don’t you wear a mask?"

Mask, suddenly became a human amulet.

In the spring of 2003, atypical pneumonia ("SARS", commonly known as "SARS" in Hong Kong) ravaged the whole world, and almost no place was spared. Although it was affected to different degrees, the panic it caused was definitely a rare global expansion in modern times. Even though modern medical care is far better than that in ancient times, in the early days of SARS, human beings actually seemed helpless. Infectious diseases that can’t be cured by the medical profession have suddenly made the whole society a frightened bird.

They chatted and ordered another meal. Leslie Cheung ordered spaghetti, and his appetite seemed to be good.

In the restaurant, when someone recognized him, he smiled at people and everything was as usual.

However, in Alfred Mok’s eyes, he looked so uneasy that his hands kept shaking.

It takes three hours for two people to talk in the restaurant.

Leslie Cheung told Alfred Mok that after he called him, he drove the Porsche aimlessly. He said that he felt very hard that morning and just wanted to drive fast. It was best to crash like this until he remembered that he had an appointment.

"Stupid, don’t say that." Alfred Mok reacted immediately, and then opened the topic.

Leslie Cheung asked Alfred Mok’s ID number again and copied it down. Six months ago, he had asked the same question and confirmed it again that day. Alfred Mok learned afterwards that Leslie Cheung was going to leave a small gift for himself in his will.

In a small talk in the past, Leslie Cheung once asked Alfred Mok, "If you are seriously ill and have no medical doctor, how will you solve it?"

Hearing this topic, Alfred Mok felt awkward at that time, and then responded: "I will take sleeping pills. If people find it, they will be saved."

"You are wrong," Leslie Cheung said bluntly. "To die, the most direct thing is to jump off a building."

Alfred Mok immediately shook his head and said, "You and I are so’ greedy for beauty’ (love beauty), how can we do such a thing? It’s like an egg fell to the ground, and if we accidentally hit someone else … We are greedy and beautiful, but it’s better to sleep in the bed, at least someone will save us, and we will jump down and become a’ slap’ (meaning a piece of flesh and blood). What should we do? "

After this conversation, Alfred Mok always felt scared and uneasy, so he often kept in touch with Leslie Cheung. When eating this lunch, Alfred Mok felt that Leslie Cheung was depressed, so he offered to accompany him to the United States to see a doctor, and said that no one would know about going to the United States anyway.

"Some people also told me to go to Sichuan to absorb aura. Now it is the peak period of SARS, and I can’t go anywhere." Leslie Cheung replied.

After lunch, Leslie Cheung insisted on sending Alfred Mok back to the company. Alfred Mok thought it was good to go for a ride, so he got in his car. Even if he pushed open the door or opened the car door, Leslie Cheung was very careful and didn’t touch it with his hands. Obviously, he was afraid of SARS, and he also seemed to cherish his health and life.

"You hurry back and change clothes. You have an appointment to play ball." Alfred Mok knew that he was used to asking someone to play badminton every Tuesday, so he reminded Leslie Cheung before getting off the bus.

Leslie Cheung actually said to him, "You don’t have to call me again."

"I just saw you. There is no need to call you. Let’s talk about it tomorrow." Alfred Mok now then answer like this.

Go to the office building in front of the elevator, Alfred Mok suddenly felt a heart-pounding.

"You don’t have to call me again." That sentence, he heard Leslie Cheung said before.

Later, Leslie Cheung told him: "The window of that hotel could not be opened."

Alfred Mok, who was in a panic, immediately called Zhang Lvping, the elder sister of Leslie Cheung, hoping that she could get in touch with him.

At about 6 o’clock, Look Ping Cheung called back to Alfred Mok: "Don’t worry, I found him. He is in Central, shopping in the window, or buying some clothes in summer." Look Ping Cheung wanted to ask his brother out for coffee, but he said no, because he had already made an appointment to meet Chen Shufen.

Alfred Mok was a little relieved at that time, and didn’t worry about Leslie Cheung’s words any more.

Shortly after leaving Alfred Mok, Leslie Cheung’s phone number was dialed.

"Hello, Mr. Tang?" Chen Shufen dialed Leslie Cheung’s phone number, but Tang Hede answered the phone on the other end. "Where’s Leslie?"

"He said to go out for a walk. I asked him to play badminton at 7 o’clock in the evening. " The other party replied.

"Well … do you know where he went?" Chen Shufen asked again.

"He said he was having tea with friends in Central."

"Well, I’ll give him a call and I’ll contact you later." Then, Chen Shufen hung up.

Chen Shufen’s office is in Wan Chai, only two subway stations away from Central, which is quite close. She thought about it and decided to call Leslie Cheung first.

The phone was connected quickly, but it was not Leslie Cheung himself who answered it, but a cold message box. Chen Shufen thought at that time, maybe he was talking about something important with someone.

"Leslie, call me later." Chen Shufen left this message after the recording signal sounded.

April 1st, compared with other days, is no different, the same Tuesday, the same 24 hours, the same day and night … However, this day suddenly has a subtle difference. Outside the window, it is drizzling, quietly covering the city with a layer of gray gauze, which is thin and light, making people feel less energetic and more sad just looking at it.

However, when this day is over, a new day will come. Is this a good thing or a bad thing?

Suddenly, Chen Shufen’s phone rang. She answered the phone, but to her surprise, Leslie Cheung called her so soon.

Leslie, where are you? Chen Shufen asked him first.

"I’m in Central." Leslie Cheung calmly replied, this is an answer that Chen Shufen expected.

"What are you doing in Central?"

"Drinking tea."

"Well, who are you having tea with?" Chen Shufen asked again.

"No, just myself." Leslie Cheung’s response this time was not expected by Chen Shufen.

She smiled and complained, "Why don’t you call me when you drink tea alone?"? I am in Wan Chai, let me come to you. "

"No, I have to go." Leslie Cheung quietly declined.

Without thinking much, Chen Shufen asked again, "Where are you going?"

"Go Shopping."

"Can I go Shopping with you?" Chen Shufen offered.

This time, Leslie Cheung didn’t give up, and directly agreed to Chen Shufen’s suggestion. "Well, yes."

Chen Shufen looked at the time. He has an appointment with Tang Hede to play ball at 7 o’clock, and now he doesn’t have much time to go shopping. In a hurry, she will put the phone down to find him.

At that time, a word came from the other side of the microphone, which made Chen Shufen stop putting the phone down.

"I want to take this opportunity to have a good look at Hong Kong." Leslie Cheung’s voice said.

This sentence, like a drop of concentrated sulfuric acid, permeates silently and colorless, and then bores a small hole on the pillar as a support point.

"What do you want to see Hong Kong for?" Chen Shufen began to hear that something was wrong with him.

Leslie Cheung didn’t answer Chen Shufen’s question. The short silence didn’t make the pillar collapse, but the corroded hole became deeper and deeper. Even if he didn’t pay attention, it still came into view.

"What do you want to go? If you haven’t left yet, I’ll come to see you. " Chen Shufen said anxiously.

"Good, then come here." Leslie Cheung readily agreed, and others are in Mandarin Oriental Hotel.

The hole still exists, and we can’t turn a blind eye to it, but the pillar still stands. Maybe, this is just a harmless gap. As long as you repair it carefully, there will be no danger in the future.

However, it is easy for people to have the illusion that the more familiar things are, the less they will change. Who will know that a harmless little difference may be behind a thousand cracks that cannot be repaired? No one knows exactly when the first crack began to appear, let alone why it will form.

When people see the hole, perhaps, it is too late.

"Mandarin Hotel, Central, please." Chen Shufen got into a taxi.

The driver didn’t recognize her as the agent of the emperor’s superstar, and she wouldn’t be aware of her anxiety at the moment.

The red taxi is moving forward slowly. There are still raindrops floating outside. They gently hit the car body, splashing into a little bit of powder, then merging on the ground and slowly flowing into the underground waterway.

The lost rain disappeared silently towards the place where no one paid attention.

Somewhere, on a calm lake, there was a ripple for it.

There are no raging waves, and there are no raging storms.

Chen Shufen arrived at the front hall of the hotel. She looked around and didn’t see Leslie Cheung. So, she went to the coffee shop where they often get together to chat.

"Miss, how many people?" An enter a door, the waiter came forward to ask Chen Shufen.

"I’m looking for Leslie. Is he there?"

"Mr. Zhang?" The waiter was a little confused. "I don’t think I saw him here."

"He’s not here? No, we have an appointment. He must be here. I’ll go in and find him. "

Tap, tap, tap. Short footsteps echoed in the coffee shop, but it was a pity that it couldn’t find the object it was looking for, just like stepping into a familiar but unfamiliar maze. It turned around in the shop, stopped here, and looked there again. Every road had passed, but it was nowhere to be found.

Where the hell is he? Chen Shufen looked around anxiously, but no matter what, Leslie Cheung was still not in the coffee shop.

Did he just leave? Or is he not here at all?

Chen Shufen grabbed the phone and hurriedly pressed Leslie Cheung’s number. The phone was connected, and when Leslie Cheung’s voice rang from her mobile phone, she was relieved.

"Leslie, I have arrived. Where are you? "

"I just went out. You have a cup of tea over there and wait for a while. I’ll be back soon."

Leslie Cheung simply explained these words and then hung up. His voice sounds so calm, almost the same as usual, even calmer-as if it were a breeze blowing across the lake, gentle and chilly.

But on the lake with low breeze, it is unusually calm.

It’s like being still, not moving.

Chen Shufen waited and waited in the coffee shop, but Leslie Cheung never came back, and his heart became more anxious. The voices in the coffee shop seem to have disappeared, but they still seem to exist, but they can’t reach Chen Shufen’s ears. What are those voices saying? Are you telling a harmless April Fool’s joke? Or are you talking about SARS, which has become more and more serious in recent days?

No matter in the street or in the shop, people around are wearing masks. Everyone can’t see each other clearly. Whether the other person is laughing, crying or angry, no one can see clearly at all. Masks have become masks one after another, replacing people’s real faces and becoming the symbol of this city. Every day, every minute, every second, people are afraid to show their faces, not only afraid of viruses floating around, but also afraid of contact with others.

March 2003 may be the turning point of Hong Kong’s change. The gap between people has become thicker because of a thin mask. All health advice is to try to separate yourself from others, even the whole world. Medicine is prosperous, but people’s hearts are difficult to treat.

After waiting for 40 minutes, Chen Shufen’s cell phone finally rang, and she quickly took it.

"You wait for me at the entrance of the hotel in five minutes, at the main entrance, and then I will come." Thankfully, she finally heard Leslie Cheung’s voice.

Chen Shufen looked at the time. It was almost 6: 30, and there was only half an hour left until 7: 00, so she didn’t think much, and immediately checked out and left the coffee shop.

The weather in April is not cold, but it is raining slightly, which is different from the freezing biting chill. This coldness will only slowly sip the warmth of the human body.

Leslie Cheung did not appear.

One second, two seconds, three seconds, time goes forward with tired steps, so slow that almost no one notices it, but it does move, and even if it is slow, people’s hurried steps never catch up with it.

Five minutes have passed.

Leslie Cheung still didn’t show up.

Time goes on. One minute, how ridiculous it turned out. Same pace, same slip away. Time, which never stops and never goes backwards, always keeps its duty like this …

At 6: 41 in the evening.

"Bang!"

A loud bang exploded in the ear, and time almost stopped. At least, at this moment, almost all the people present have the illusion that time has suddenly stopped.

Chen Shufen looked in the direction of the sound in consternation, only to see a black shadow lying on the ground, and other guardrails at the entrance of the hotel were smashed.

Take a closer look, it’s a person.

Next to that man, there is a bus.

"Not good!" Chen Shufen hurriedly ran into the hotel and called out the waiter: "There was a traffic accident, and someone was injured! Right outside! Call an ambulance quickly! "

Chen Shufen hurriedly ran out again. Leslie Cheung will come to the door of the hotel at any moment, and Chen Shufen knows clearly that even if he was calm just now, he is suffering from depression now, and it is inevitable that he will be stimulated if he sees that scene, so she decides to run quickly to the other side and stop Leslie Cheung’s car.

However, after a few steps, Chen Shufen dismissed the idea. Maybe Leslie Cheung hasn’t arrived yet? Maybe he’s stuck in traffic? Chen Shufen sincerely hopes that Leslie Cheung hasn’t arrived yet, so that she can stop his car at the street first, so that he won’t pass the hotel gate.

So Chen Shufen picked up the phone and called Leslie Cheung.

But this time, the phone was not connected.

Nian Rong, written by Han Qiao/,Modern Publishing House, December 2015.

　　When it comes to China’s grottoes art, people first think of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Luoyang Longmen Grottoes and Datong Yungang Grottoes, while Maijishan Grottoes, which are also called the four major grottoes with them, are quite unknown to boudoir people, but this does not affect their unique historical and artistic value.

　　I. Geographical location and construction background of Maijishan Grottoes

　　Tianshui, known as "Qin Zhou" in ancient times, is located in the upper reaches of Weihe River at the end of Qinling Mountains in the southeast of Gansu Province, and is known as "Longshang Jiangnan". Because it is adjacent to Chang ‘an in Guanzhong in the east and borders Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan and Nanjing, it has been a battleground for military strategists and an important transportation and economic and trade center on the Silk Road since ancient times. The well-known Maijishan Grottoes fall on a lonely cliff on the branch of Xiaolongshan at the northern foot of Qinling Mountain, 30 kilometers southeast of this ancient city.

　　▲ The geographical location of Maijishan Grottoes. (Source: Baidu Map)

　　Maijishan, also known as "Maijiya", got its name from Biography of High Monks and Biography of Xuangao, which records that Xuangao, a high monk of Shiyang Temple in Guanzhong, lived in seclusion in Maijishan because of the turbulent situation. Li Huanchuan, a book of Wei Dynasty, recorded that in the third year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (506), Qin Zhou wrote Lu Gou ‘er’s rebellion, and Lee Huan, the secretariat of Liangzhou, "ordered Shi Changle and others to go to aid from Maiji Cliff".

　　As for why we should call this strange peak standing alone at the end of the mountain ridge like this, Wang Renyu, a writer and great poet of the Five Dynasties, has a wonderful description in "Yutang Gossip Maijishan": "Maijishan, who crosses the Qing River in the north, gradually moves south; Five hundred miles of hills and mountains, half of Maijishan; Rise a stone, millions of seeks; Looking at the group, like a farmer’s wheat, it is named. "

　　▲ Autumn panorama of Maijishan Grottoes. (Photo courtesy of Maijishan Grottoes Art Institute)

　　As for the excavation and construction of Maijishan Grottoes, according to historical records, it began in the period of the Sixteen Countries and the Late Qin Dynasty. Since then, the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty have continued to build, which lasted for more than 1,600 years. There are 221 existing caves and caves, 3,938 statues, 10,632 murals, nearly 1,000 square meters, and a large number of steles, scrolls, documents and other cultural relics.

　　Known for its beautiful natural and cultural landscapes, lifelike clay sculptures, magnificent murals of the Northern Dynasties and breathtaking cliff pavilion plank road architecture, it is well-known at home and abroad.It is also the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units announced by the State Council on March 4, 1961, and a national five-A-level tourist scenic spot. On June 22, 2014, it was officially recognized as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO as an important part of the "Silk Road: the road network of the initial section and the Tianshan Corridor".

　　▲ A glimpse of Maijishan Grottoes. (Source: Maijishan Grottoes official website)

　　The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was an important period of great political turmoil, great cultural changes and great ethnic migration in the history of China, and it was also a critical stage of the intersection, collision and integration of foreign Buddhist art and China traditional culture. The Maijishan Grottoes, located at the southern route of the Silk Road at that time, were the true portrayal and precious historical remains of this change in Guanzhong and Longyou areas at that time.

　　AD 3-mdash; In the 4th century, Indian Buddhism, which was active in Central Asia, the Western Regions and Xinjiang, entered the Central Plains along the ancient Silk Road through the Hexi Corridor, and Chang ‘an, Luoyang, Chengdu and Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu) became important centers of Buddhist culture communication at that time. Tianshui (formerly known as Qin Zhou), which is adjacent to Chang ‘an, has also become one of the earliest areas where Buddhism was introduced into the mainland. In the second year of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty (308), Zhu Fahu, a monk, retranslated the "Pu Yao Jing" in Tianshui.

　　Bo Fazu, an eminent monk in Chang ‘an, promoted Buddhism in Guanlong all the year round, and he had a great influence among believers. He was known in history as "the right side of the letter, and it was like a god." Later, Fazu was killed by Zhang Fu, the secretariat of Qin Zhou, which caused the Qiang people in Tianshui and Longxi to be angry. They rose up and attacked Qinzhou City, and Zhang Fu was killed as a result. All Qiang Hu felt that their revenge had been reported, so they dismembered Fazu and took it back to the tower to support him as a souvenir. This incident shows that Buddhism had penetrated into all social strata in Qin Zhou at that time, and Buddhist activities had become an important part of people’s daily spiritual life.

　　▲ Wheat accumulates misty rain. (Source: Maijishan Grottoes official website)

　　Maijishan, as a peculiar Danxia landform in Qin Zhou, has attracted people’s attention since the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, Wei Xiao, who confronted Emperor Liu Xiu of Han Dynasty, built a summer palace in Diaochao Valley behind Maijishan. Yu Xin, a great writer in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, called Maiji Cliff "the famous mountain in Longdou and the spiritual mountain in Hexi", and the Annals of Qinzhou also called its mountain "the crown of nymphs in the Qin Dynasty". It can be seen that the ancients have long regarded Maijishan as a place to cool off and ask questions.

　　During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, meditation and image viewing were one of the most important religious practices of monks in the northern region, and Maiji Mountain, with its quiet environment and beautiful scenery, naturally attracted the attention of monks. When Xuangao arrived here, there were already eminent monks from the Qin Dynasty meditating here, and the number of monks had reached as many as 100, which shows that the Buddhist activities in Maijishan were flourishing at that time. There is no clear evidence as to whether there was a cave sculpture in this period. However, it is a historical fact that Maijishan Grottoes were built in the late Qin Dynasty, according to the actual needs of monks’ meditation and the absolute position of the idea of Buddha III advocated by Yao Xing in the late Qin Dynasty.

　　▲ Qin Zhou in the post-Qin Yao Xing era. (Source: Atlas of Chinese History)

　　With the southward migration of Jinshi, the separatist regimes of large and small established by the northern nomadic tribes of Di, Qiang, Xiongnu and Xianbei launched a long-term scuffle in the northern region centered on Chang ‘an, Luoyang and Yecheng, and the people suffered from war and all kinds of displacement, plus the rulers’ admiration for Buddhism.Cave temples in northern China, including Maijishan Mountain, have sprung up like mushrooms after rain, just like strings of pearls embedded along the ancient Silk Road, which together constitute a brilliant chapter of China grottoes art and become an important carrier and window for people to know and understand the China, nationalization and secularization of foreign Buddhist art, as well as the cultural and artistic exchanges and interactions between ancient China and the West.

　　Second, the grotto statues in the Northern Wei Dynasty

　　There are about 90 caves in the Northern Wei Dynasty in Maiji Mountain, which are divided into early, middle and late stages. In the early stage, there were caves 74, 78, 90, 100, 128 and 165, mainly concentrated in the middle and lower part of the west cliff.

　　▲ Interior of Cave 78, early Northern Wei Dynasty.

　　Its shape mostly imitates the dome-top tent style of ethnic minorities, and the statues are mainly three Buddhas and Maitreya. Later on, besides the Three Buddhas, the statues in the grottoes began to increase in themes such as Jiaojiao, Thought, Sakyamuni, Duobao and seven buddha, which fully reflected and embodied Mahayana Buddhism’s thought of Fahua Statue. The style of the sculpture shows strong characteristics of Gandhara in Central Asia and Hutulu in India, as well as the tall, burly and straight modeling characteristics of the northern nomadic people, which is highly consistent with the famous statue of Tanyao Cave in Yungang, and the excavation time is about 460 AD.

　　In the mid-Northern Wei Dynasty, the grottoes were small in size, and their shapes showed Chinese characteristics, mostly square and flat-topped. There are many Buddhist temples or shallow arches in the grottoes, and there are many rows of small ear niches or altars on the wall. Typical examples are caves 23, 76, 86, 89, 92, 93, 115, 155, 159 and 163.

　　▲ Sitting on the main wall of Cave 115, in the middle of Northern Wei Dynasty.

　　The subject matter of statues in the grottoes is still dominated by three Buddhas, with one Buddha and two Bodhisattvas. At the same time, disciples began to appear. In addition, there are a large number of shadow-sculpted buddhas, bodhisattvas, disciples, heaven and man, flying, supporters and so on with different postures and exquisite sculptures. In terms of sculpture style, whether it is Buddha, Bodhisattva, disciple, flying and provider, the shape of the statue has changed from tall and burly in the early days to stretching and straight, the facial expression has changed from dignified and resolute to delicate and quiet, and the costume has also changed from soft body-fitting, bare-chested to drooping collar and skirt.Interestingly, in many caves, Hu and Han styles often complement each other:Wearing a round neck or a topless cassock, sitting on both sides of the Buddha, the Han costume with a flattering belt and a light posture is flying on the face, reflecting a strong atmosphere of changes in the times. This change mainly stems from the fact that TaBaHong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, officially moved to Luoyang in the 18th year of Taihe (494). In order to speed up the pace of sinicization, he banned wearing Hu clothes, changed Han clothes, banned Hu dialect, changed Xianbei surname to Han surname, and vigorously advocated intermarriage between ethnic groups, re-establishing the gate system of the Northern Dynasty.

　　It is under the influence of this series of sinicization measures that the old customs of Xianbei nobles can be fundamentally changed, and finally the central plains cultural etiquette system with Confucianism as the core is fully accepted and absorbed. At the same time, it also affected the Qin Zhou area under the rule of the Northern Wei Dynasty. However, because it has long been the main inhabited area of the Bian, Qiang, Xiuguan and Tu nationalities, this change has a certain lag.

　　The late Northern Wei Dynasty was the heyday of Maijishan Grottoes excavation, and the representative grottoes were caves 81, 83, 87, 121, 122, 133, 142 and 154. The grottoes are more complex and diverse in shape. There are many ancillary buildings in the grottoes, such as abutment, Buddha’s seat, shallow niche, altar and so on, and the top has also evolved from a flat square to a square set of bucket tops.

　　▲ Bodhisattva and disciple in Cave 121, late Northern Wei Dynasty.

　　▲ Sitting on the main wall of Cave 142, late Northern Wei Dynasty.

　　▲ The smile of the Shami in Cave 9, Cave 133, in the late Northern Wei Dynasty.

　　In addition to small and medium-sized caves in the traditional sense, large caves like Cave 133 began to appear, with a height of 5.80, a width of 12.20 and a depth of 10.83 meters. The cave is complex in structure, densely covered with shrines, rich in sculpture contents and diverse in theme combinations, forming the wonder of "Buddha shadows everywhere and flying all over the walls", which is amazing.

　　Under the influence of Longmen Grottoes and other central plains areas, the sculpture style in this period has all been transformed into the Han-style characters in the praise belt.The Buddha’s face is handsome and smiling, with a straight nose and a small mouth, shoulders and chest, and a wide cassock. The clothes are hung over the Buddha’s seat, and the surface of the clothes is carved with sparse and rigid clothes lines. Bodhisattva wears a high bun, with a delicate face, and many ornaments such as collars, earrings, bracelets, armbands, wreaths, etc. She wears a shirt with wide sleeves, a waist-length skirt, high heels, and crosses the front of her belly or puts it on her knees after piercing. One hand holds the lotus bud, the other hand holds the silk, and the expression is quiet and graceful. Disciples are all dressed in robes, and their facial expressions are immature and pure, or naive, or brooding, or suffering from vicissitudes.

　　There are many kinds of supporters: some wear crowns and hats, wide robes and big sleeves, some have high hair bun and long skirts mopping the floor, some hold utensils and walk with their children, and some stand with their hands chest-high, reverent and respectful. It fully shows the distinctive character characteristics, rich inner world and yearning for the pure land of Buddhism.

　　▲142 Cave Shadow Plastic Supporter, Late Northern Wei Dynasty.

　　About the author:

　　Sun Xiaofeng, doctor of historical philology (including Dunhuang studies), research librarian of Dunhuang Research Institute. Secretary-General of Academic Committee of Maijishan Grottoes Art Institute of Dunhuang Research Institute, and editorial board of Dunhuang Research. He has undertaken, presided over or participated in the investigation of small and medium-sized grottoes in the eastern part of Gansu Province, the compilation of Tianshui General History, the compilation of Gansu Grottoes Records, the declaration of Maijishan Grottoes as a world cultural heritage, and the investigation of the Great Wall resources in Gansu Province. In addition, he published 2 monographs and more than 40 academic papers. He has presided over, undertaken or participated in many national, provincial and ministerial social science projects, and is currently presiding over the national social science key project "Archaeological Report of Caves 120-127 of Maijishan Grottoes".

　　Producer | Yang Xinhua

　　Coordinating | Kang Kunquan, Hu Jun, Liu Jia

　　Editor | Guo Hui Qi Zitong

　　Production | Hu Qi

　[Hotspot Playback]

In this year’s government work report, Premier Li Keqiang put forward for the first time the "internet plus Action Plan" to promote the integration of mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data and Internet of Things with modern manufacturing, promote the healthy development of e-commerce, industrial Internet and Internet finance, and guide Internet enterprises to expand into the international market. The concept of "internet plus" was first put forward in the industry in 2012, which is in line with the concept of "internetization" that appeared in 2007, emphasizing the deep cross-border integration of the Internet and traditional industries. "internet plus" is the achievement and symbol of the deep integration of industry and informatization in China, and it is also an important starting point for further promoting information consumption.

"internet plus" builds an upgraded version of China’s economy by informationization.

The "internet plus" action plan put forward by Premier Li Keqiang in the government work report has aroused heated discussion. This concept, which originated from the Internet industry, has been raised to the height of national action, prompting the whole society to think about the responsibility and future vision of the Internet industry. As the representatives of Internet companies, the three Internet giants responded enthusiastically to the "internet plus" inside and outside the NPC and CPPCC sessions for the first time, and took practical actions to move into the fields of medical care, finance and automobiles. With the support of the state, "internet plus" is becoming synonymous with building an upgraded version of China’s economy through informationization.

Internet plus: What does it bring to the cultural industry?

Internet stimulates cultural consumption demand, which in turn promotes the supply of cultural products.

The Internet opens up the industrial chain in the cultural field and promotes the upgrading of the overall format of the cultural industry.

Intellectual property protection is the soul of the development of cultural and creative industries.

During the two sessions this year, the new concept of "internet plus" was put forward in the government work report. In the information age, the combination of network technology and various industries has produced new changes, which also brings new opportunities for the development of cultural industries. In 2014, the new format of cultural industry based on Internet developed vigorously, which profoundly changed the internal structure of cultural industry and people’s cultural consumption habits. What new changes will "internet plus" bring to the ecology of cultural industry? How should the cultural industry seize the new opportunity of transformation and upgrading? How to "+"internet plus culture?

"internet plus" is expected to ignite the "second revolution" of the express delivery industry after the relay business.

In 2014, China became the largest express delivery market in the world with 14 billion pieces of express delivery. According to the data of the State Post Bureau, about 60% of the express delivery business comes from e-commerce. E-commerce has given birth to the prosperity of the express delivery industry, but it has also led to a thin profit of the express delivery industry. Where will the express delivery industry go in the future? At the "2015 China Express Forum", "internet plus" is being regarded as a new opportunity by the express delivery industry, which is expected to ignite the "second revolution" of the express delivery industry after relaying the business.

At the "2015 China Express Forum", Feng Lihu, deputy director of the Development Research Center of the State Post Bureau, said that in 2014, the express delivery business volume in China reached 14 billion, and the express delivery revenue exceeded 200 billion yuan, both hitting record highs. This also marks that after several years of development, China Express has entered the ranks of the world’s major express delivery countries. According to the data of China Express Association, as of the end of 2014, the express delivery industry in China had a year-on-year growth rate of over 50% for 46 consecutive months; In the first two months of 2015, the growth rate of the industry reached 43.4%.

Behind the rapid development of the express delivery industry, e-commerce has contributed. According to the data of the State Post Bureau, about 60% of the express delivery business comes from e-commerce. In the business of major private express delivery companies, the proportion of e-commerce orders even exceeds 80%.

"internet plus" Remodels China’s Economic Structure

"The Internet in China should enter a new stage. I think it can be summarized in three words, one is the Internet for everyone, the other is the Internet for things, and the other is the Internet for businesses."

On March 22nd, Yang Yuanqing, Chairman and CEO of Lenovo Group, expressed his vision for the future of Internet economy in China at the 2015 IT Leaders Summit in China.

In the eyes of IT leaders attending the meeting, the Internet industry in China is no longer a simple platform or a simple industry, but an economic model that can connect the future, which may lead the transformation of China’s economy under the new normal.

The "internet plus" action plan was first mentioned in the government work report this year. In the industry’s view, the so-called "internet plus" concept includes the implementation of manufacturing, e-commerce, medical care, finance and other industries on the Internet level, which is based on the promotion of traditional industries in the era of big data.

According to the Annual Report on the Development of IT Industry in China released on the day of the summit, in 2014, the market size of cmnet reached 200 billion yuan, the number of users reached 557 million, and the shipment of smart phones exceeded 400 million. Four China enterprises entered the top ten Internet companies with the highest market value in the world.

Internet+medical care: what will it bring us?

From online registration, to various health monitoring and health management apps that rely on the mobile Internet, and then to the cloud hospital that subverts the traditional diagnosis and treatment model … Mobile medical care is booming under the craze of "internet plus", and it is constantly racing around.

"internet plus" is undoubtedly the hottest topic in the National People’s Congress this year. The government work report shows that it will continue to promote reforms in the fields of medicine and health care, and grassroots medical reform, medical insurance payment reform, public hospital reform, and social medical care are still the focus of reform, which provides a broad development space for "Internet+medical care".

What will happen when medical care meets the Internet? What changes will this industry bring under the east wind of "internet plus"?

Seize the beach "internet plus": Alipay pushes the city service platform

Alipay, which has 300 million real-name users, is currently cooperating with many government departments in China, trying to make it easier for citizens to handle public service projects with the help of the Internet.

Alipay confirmed on the 27th that Alipay Wallet recently launched the "City Service" platform to handle traffic violations, entry and exit affairs, license plate lottery, medical registration and other matters, and people will be able to handle it on their mobile phones in the future. At present, users in Hangzhou have been able to use some inquiry and payment functions, and more than 30 cities such as Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Xiamen and Changsha will be connected in the near future.

According to reports, "City Service" is a mobile convenience service platform jointly built by Alipay and government departments, trying to open up Internet companies’ payment and financial solutions, cloud computing capabilities, big data platforms, etc., so as to make municipal services more efficient.

What investment opportunities does internet plus bring?

On March 5th, Premier Li Keqiang clearly put forward the "internet plus" action plan in his government work report: formulate the "internet plus" action plan to promote the integration of mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data and Internet of Things with modern manufacturing, promote the healthy development of e-commerce, industrial Internet and Internet finance, and guide Internet enterprises to expand the international market. The state has set up a 40 billion yuan venture capital guidance fund for emerging industries, and it is necessary to integrate and raise more funds to fuel industrial innovation. When this top-level design is ready to come out, which areas will have development opportunities and investment opportunities?

Communication industry

Communication plays an increasingly important role in social economy and life. On the one hand, it provides infrastructure guarantee for internet plus, and 4G and broadband enhance user experience and information consumption; On the other hand, the communication field is also the key field of technology and application innovation, and the development of communication is conducive to accelerating industrial upgrading and promoting industrial restructuring.

Mobile internet industry

The mobile Internet has shaken the traditional stock market. We believe that the biggest investment opportunity in the era of mobile Internet lies in the transformation of traditional industries. The biggest difference between Internet thinking and traditional thinking is the understanding of users. Transforming traditional consumers into users is a manifestation of revitalizing the stock, and the market has no ceiling.

Computer industry

The computer industry represents an important direction of the country’s economic transformation. At this year’s "two sessions", the Premier also supported the Internet economy and affirmed the positive role of the Internet in promoting the country’s economic transformation. Therefore, we believe that the industry will still have a strong upward logic in the future, and the transformation of economic structure will surely bring the industry an opportunity to accelerate its development. The accelerated penetration of cloud computing and big data also provides a foundation for software enterprises to transform into operation and service platforms. The data-based operation model is gradually recognized by the market and is expected to accelerate its development.

industry

The "internet plus" action plan put forward by Premier Li Keqiang includes the new industrial revolution represented by Industry 4.0 and personal design and manufacturing. Industrial Internet is one of the earliest industries in which "internet plus" mentioned in the government work report was realized.

　　The audience visited the booth of China Ordnance Industry Corporation at the annual meeting of China Association for Science and Technology, integration of defense and civilian technologies Science and Technology Innovation Exhibition. Xinhua news agency

　　[Expert perspective]

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly incorporated integration of defense and civilian technologies into the scientific system of the supreme leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, especially the supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army, and incorporated integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development strategy into the strategic system of strengthening the country in the new era, further demonstrating integration of defense and civilian technologies’s strategic position in strengthening the country and the army. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "the deep development pattern of integration of defense and civilian technologies should be formed, and an integrated national strategic system and capability should be built". This thesis profoundly expounds the general goal of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development in the new era, deepens the understanding of the laws of overall development and security, enriching the country and strengthening the army, and provides a fundamental basis for accelerating the in-depth development of integration of defense and civilian technologies.

　　Core essence

　　Nowadays, national competition is not only the competition of wealth scale and wealth creation ability, but also the comprehensive competition of national strategic ability. How to optimize the national strategic system, effectively enhance and use the national strategic capability, and thus achieve the national strategic objectives has become the top priority of the national strategic operation.

　　The national strategic system is an organic strategic system formed to realize national interests. The overall national strategy is at the top, followed by the national development strategy and national security strategy. The national development strategy is divided into political, economic, cultural, social, ecological and other fields, and the national security strategy is divided into various security fields and military strategies. National strategic ability is the ability to achieve national strategic goals by using national strategic resources, which is embodied in the country’s economic ability, military ability, scientific and technological ability, organization and mobilization ability, system reform ability, strategic planning ability and national cohesion. The national strategic system and capability is an organic whole, which is the unity of national strategic will and strategic capability. The purpose of constructing a complete and effective national strategic system is to form a strong national strategic capability and then realize the national strategic will.

　　Integration of defense and civilian technologies is a process of deepening step by step, and the integration tends to deepen, that is, military-civilian integration. Civil-military integration can not be simply understood as the complete integration of "military" and "people", but refers to the benign state of high synergy, compatibility and interaction when "military" and "people" achieve deep integration. In this state, the economic and national defense systems can fully realize the overall planning of construction, the synchronization of development process, the balanced allocation of resources, the effective interaction of factors, the compatibility of policies and systems, and the unity of organization and implementation.

　　Building an integrated national strategic system and capability is a process of reshaping the national security and development strategic system under the framework of the integrated development of economic construction and national defense construction. By reshaping the strategic system, we will greatly enhance the country’s strategic capabilities such as economic development, scientific and technological innovation, competition in emerging fields, military strategic deterrence, mobilization of emergency response, and dominance of international rules, so as to achieve overall planning of national development and security, overall promotion of economic construction and national defense construction, and integrated use of economic and national defense forces, so as to maximize the benefits of national large-scale system integration and national strategic benefits.

　　Strategic demand

　　In contemporary China, it is of great strategic demand to build an integrated national strategic system and capability.

　　First, the strategic support for the country’s prosperity. National security and development are twin brothers. In essence, national security means defending existing national interests from infringement, while national development means expanding new national interests. Today, with the informationization of war form, the generalization of technology form between military and civilian, and the highly market-oriented economic form, the activities of human beings to create wealth and defend their own security have been in perfect harmony, coexisting and dying together, and the interests of national security and development have been highly integrated. If a country wants to effectively safeguard and expand its national interests and enhance its international influence and discourse power, it can not be separated from the improvement and application of its national strategic capabilities for a moment.

　　A strong national strategic capability should have three indispensable elements, namely, strategic resources, transformation mechanism and strategic planning. Among them, the transformation mechanism is the "hub" for the formation of national strategic capabilities. Good transformation can realize the prosperity of the country and the prosperity of the country; Insufficient transformation will only stop and the national strength will decline; Excessive transformation will be overwhelmed and overdrawn. To realize the transformation effectively, we need a series of effective strategic layout, institutional arrangement and mechanism design, and building an integrated national strategic system is one of the important mechanisms.

　　At present, China is in a period of social transformation. In the process of turning from closed to open, from planned to market, from semi-industrialized society to industrialized and information-based society, there have been some problems such as unbalanced national capacity structure and lack of norms, and the contradictions such as "strong elements, weak systems", "hard fingers and soft fists" are more prominent. At the same time, under the dual separation system of military and civilian, the national security and development strategies are not coordinated enough, and the mutual transformation and application of military and civilian resources are blocked, and it is difficult to fully integrate and transform national strategic resources, which delays the formation of national strategic capabilities to some extent.

　　In order to effectively cope with the severe, complex and diverse challenges faced by China in the historical process of moving from a big country to a powerful country, and better safeguard and expand national interests, it is urgent to strengthen and improve the construction of national strategic capabilities. Promoting integration of defense and civilian technologies’s in-depth development and building an integrated national strategic system and capacity are the strategic levers to "incite" the rise of a powerful country. Through the system integration and military-civilian cooperation at the national strategic level, we can effectively improve the comprehensive application level of national political, economic, military, diplomatic, cultural and other strategic resources and strengths, accelerate the generation of integrated national strategic capabilities, and thus gain more strategic initiative and greater strategic interests in the international strategic game.

　　Second, it is an important support for strengthening the army. Strong military strength and strategic deterrence are important manifestations of national strategic capabilities. Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, the construction of modern military forces has become a complex giant system with high technology density, high resources density and high talent density, and it is increasingly dependent on the national economy, technology and talent base. System confrontation under the condition of information warfare is not only a direct confrontation and contest between military systems, but also a system confrontation based on the overall strength of the country. Whoever can maximize the systematic integration of the overall strength of the country will win the military competitive advantage. From military system confrontation to system confrontation based on the overall strength of the country, it profoundly reflects the change of confrontation form from mechanized war to information war, and also puts forward new requirements for the development mode of army construction.

　　Throughout the world, all military powers are not confined to their own "small circles" of the military, but aggregate the overall resources of the country to build a military power system, and even integrate global resources for their use. For example, relying on its highly mature market economy platform, the United States has realized the integrated utilization of national resources and even global resources by means of government assistance, military demand traction and market operation.

　　For a long time, our army is the army, the people are the people, and the military and the land have their own stalls, so we can’t fully exchange needed goods and promote each other. In today’s era, to achieve the goal of strengthening the army and building a world-class army, we must innovate the concept of army building and development, integrate national defense and army building into the national economic and social development system, and change from the traditional national defense and army building system to the military-civilian integrated national defense and army building system. Therefore, it is necessary to build a national strategic system and ability of military-civilian integration, break the dual system of military and civilian from the national level, open up a channel to support the construction of modern military power system with the overall national strength, and maximize the integration and utilization of national high-quality resources. Only in this way can we integrate the most advanced knowledge, cutting-edge technology and high-quality talent resources in economic and social development, absorb and apply them to the construction of modern national defense and a strong army, and make our army an advanced group with great competitive advantages, thus greatly improving the confrontation ability of the national system.

　　Third, the source of strength to win international scientific and technological and military competitive advantages. Strong innovation ability is the core support of national strategic ability. At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial transformation and military revolution in the world is accelerating, and major subversive technologies are constantly emerging, which is reshaping the world competition pattern and changing the balance of national power. Looking at the development of innovative countries in the world, most of them have established a national innovation system and capability of military and civilian integration from the national strategic level, and built a powerful innovation driving mechanism driven by military needs and civilian needs, and military innovation and civilian innovation are benign and mutually reinforcing.

　　At present, China’s scientific and technological innovation has entered the stage of "three runs coexist", which is in a critical stage from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leap, point breakthrough to system capacity improvement. To greatly enhance the national innovation ability, we must break the state of military-civilian separation and closed development of military economy from the national strategic level, coordinate integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development strategy and innovation-driven development strategy, fully tap the huge strategic potential of military-civilian collaborative innovation, and firmly base China’s construction of enriching the country and strengthening the army on the advanced technology of the world. In this sense, building an integrated national strategic system and capability is a profound revolution in the regeneration of national scientific and technological innovation capability. If we win this revolution, we will be able to gain a strong synergy of national scientific and technological innovation, and greatly accelerate the process of building an innovative country and building a world-class scientific and technological power.

　　Construction path

　　The first is to strengthen the top-level design. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated that it is necessary to adhere to the unity of enriching the country and strengthening the military, strengthen unified leadership, top-level design, reform and innovation, and implement major projects, deepen the reform of national defense science, technology and industry, form a deep development pattern of integration of defense and civilian technologies, and build an integrated national strategic system and capability. This requires us to build an integrated national strategic system and capability, make overall plans in the overall process of strengthening the country and the army, seek potential layout in the big pattern of international strategic competition, scientifically formulate road maps and construction schedules, and constantly iteratively optimize with practice. In terms of strategic focus, we should closely follow "resources — Transformation — Ability ",a complete chain, focuses on the formation of national strategic capabilities to promote integration of defense and civilian technologies, and cannot vulgarize integration of defense and civilian technologies. In terms of strategic tasks, we should closely follow the "system, system and benefit" to optimize the development layout, take the establishment of military-civilian integration system and mechanism as the starting point, promote the optimization of integration of defense and civilian technologies system in various fields, fully release the development benefits of integration of defense and civilian technologies, and continuously improve integration of defense and civilian technologies’s contribution rate to national defense and army building and combat effectiveness development, innovation drive and productivity development. On the strategic path, in accordance with the steps of "adjustment, reform, and reshaping", we will advance in an orderly manner and gradually deepen, adhere to incremental integration to drive stock adjustment, and use the integration of emerging fields to force the transformation of traditional fields, and finally achieve "The overall effect of factor interaction, system remodeling, benefit improvement, stimulating innovation and promoting strategic capabilities.

　　The second is to innovate the governance model. Promoting the in-depth development of integration of defense and civilian technologies and building an integrated national strategic system and capability is essentially a process of promoting the transformation of economic construction and national defense construction from fragmented design to integrated military-civilian planning, from key integration areas to multi-field extension and expansion, from loose combination of elements to integration and integration of all elements, and then realizing structural optimization, resource conservation and technological innovation. Under the strong leadership of the Central integration of defense and civilian technologies Development Committee, we should establish and improve the system, mechanism and working mode of cross-military, cross-departmental, cross-field and cross-regional governance, strengthen unified leadership and decision-making, coordinate military and civilian needs, coordinate development planning, coordinate major reforms, coordinate policies and standards, and promote the modernization of national security and development governance.

　　The third is to strengthen national strategic coupling. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development strategy, the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through talents, the strategy of innovation-driven development, the strategy of rural revitalization, the strategy of regional coordinated development and the strategy of sustainable development into the "seven strategies" for winning a well-off society in an all-round way and building a socialist modernized country in an all-round way, and made clear the leading, basic and overall position of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development strategy in the national strategic system. To build an integrated national strategic system and capability, a very realistic path is to improve and perfect the coupling mechanism between the national development strategic system and the national security strategic system, and promote the close integration of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s strategy with other national strategies. Only by making full use of the integrated forces of integrated military and civilian planning, integrated construction, integrated use, integrated management and integrated evaluation, and promoting the overall coordination and organic connection of national security strategy and national development strategy at all levels and in all fields, can we achieve the integrated benefits of national large-scale system and maximize the strategic benefits of the country.

　　(Author: Jiang Luming, Wang Weihai, author: integration of defense and civilian technologies Development Research Center, School of Military Management, National Defense University)