Always meet your needs. SAIC Chase V80 Car Purchase Manual

  [car home Car Purchase Manual] In early September, we made an online (|) (hereinafter referred to as SAIC Chase V80) for everyone, and the discussion was very hot. Some friends wanted to ask more out of curiosity, while others wanted to buy a car, but they were "stunned" by dozens of models and didn’t know how to choose. To this end, I specially made a car purchase manual for everyone, hoping to help everyone find the right model more conveniently and quickly.

Home of the car

  Last time we did an incomplete statistics online, there were more than 60 optional models of SAIC Chase V80, which had to be cross-contrasted one by one, even if we could stand it patiently, our eyes couldn’t stand it. Actually,We can start from the big category and refine it, and gradually find the right product for you..

  Different from the past, other car purchase manuals are mainly from the perspective of cost performance.As a commercial vehicle, the main purpose of SAIC Chase V80 is to do things for you and earn money. Which model can do things for you is the key, and the difference in configuration is mainly realized in the selection of packaging..

Dynamic parameters of SAIC Datong V80 car make and model displacement Maximum power maximum torque gearbox SAIC Chase V80 Classic 2.0T diesel oil 127 horsepower 320 nm 6MT/6AMT Saic chase V80 PLUS 2.0T diesel oil 139 horsepower 330 nm 6MT/6AMT

  Then let’s start this process. SAIC Chase V80 can be divided into two categories: classic V80 and V80 PLUS. Literally, it is very good to judge that V80 PLUS is an upgraded version. There are differences between them in internal and external design, vehicle selection and power. Let’s start with the classic V80 model of SAIC Chase.

SAIC Chase SAIC Chase MAXUS V80 2021 2.0T Manual Classic Aoyuntong Short Shaft Ultra-low Top 7/8/9 Block

"SAIC Chase V80 Classic"

SAIC Chase SAIC Chase MAXUS V80 2021 2.0T PLUS Manual City Edition Short Shaft Ultra-low Top 5/6 Block

"SAIC Chase V80 PLUS』"

  The classic model of SAIC Chase V80 is relatively affordable, and the model guide price range is 108,800-151,800 yuan.The interior and exterior styling belongs to the people, and the position of the interior dashboard is somewhat special. It needs to be adapted in the middle of the center console.There are two classic models: City King and Aoyuntong. City King is a blind window logistics vehicle. Aoyuntong Positioning Multifunctional Vehicle, can give attention to both personnel and tools transportation, transportation. Power is equipped with a 2.0T diesel engine, with a maximum power of 127 HP and a maximum torque of 320 Nm. The traditional system has 6MT and 6 MT to match it.

SAIC Chase V80 Classic

◆ Chengpeiwang

  The city king can easily understand his position by listening to his name.The biggest advantage of logistics vehicles is the maximization of cargo compartment space.The design of the blind window is also better for the protection of the car body, so there is no need to worry about the mixed loading of passengers and goods. The seat of the city king isSingle row of 3 seats, the load number is 3 people.

SAIC Chase SAIC Chase MAXUS V80 2021 2.0T AMT Classic City with 3 seats with long shaft and high ceiling.

SAIC Chase SAIC Chase MAXUS V80 2021 2.0T manual classic city with 3 short-axis middle tops.

SAIC Chase SAIC Chase MAXUS V80 2021 2.0T manual classic city with 3 short-axis middle tops.

SAIC Chase SAIC Chase MAXUS V80 2021 2.0T manual classic city with 3 short-axis middle tops.

"SAIC Chase V80 Classic City Match King"

Size and price of SAIC Datong V80 car with king manual transmission. Wheelbase (mm) Captain (mm) Chegao(mm) Number of seats (units) Price (ten thousand yuan) 3100 (short axis) 4950 2070 (ultra-low ceiling) three 10.88 2345 (Zhongding) 3850 (long axis) 5700 2345 (Zhongding) three 12.88 2552 (high top) 13.68 PS: The body width of SAIC Chase V80 is 1998mm, and the price of 6AMT models is increased by RMB 5,000.

  City distribution king has two wheelbase models with short axle and long axle.The short-axle model has a wheelbase of 3100mm and a length of 4,950 mm. Compared with the long-axle model, it has better flexibility.Short-axle models have two heights: ultra-low top and middle top.How to choose these two heights depends mainly on your car working conditions.The height of the ultra-low roof model is 2070mm, which is not bound by the height limit of 2.1 meters and 2.2 meters in some office buildings or underground parking lots of shopping malls.Urban driving is unimpeded.The height of the mid-top model is 2345 mm.The cargo compartment is higher in height and larger in volume.If there are no restrictions on your car area, the mid-top model expands the cargo compartment space.In terms of price, the guide price of 6MT short-axis ultra-low top/mid-top model is 108,800 yuan, and that of 6AMT model is increased by 5,000 yuan.

SAIC Chase SAIC Chase MAXUS V80 2021 2.0T manual classic city with 3 short-axis middle tops.

SAIC Chase SAIC Chase MAXUS V80 2021 2.0T Manual Classic City with 3 seats in the center of the long shaft.

  Long-axle models have a wheelbase of 3850mm and a length of 5,700 mm. There are two kinds of heights: the middle roof and the high roof. We mentioned the height of the middle roof just now, which is 2345mm;; The height of the high-top model is 2552mm, and the selection idea is the same as that of the short-axle model. Consider the height limit of your car area. In terms of price, the guide price of the 6MT long-axis mid-top model is 128,800 yuan; The long-axis high-top model is136,800 yuan; The 6AMT model increased by RMB 5,000 on the basis of this price.

◆ Aoyuntong

  Aoyuntong belongs to a car that can take care of both people and goods., its logistics ability is not as strong as that of the city with the king, but the number of people with loads is more advantageous. Similarly,There are two kinds of wheelbase: short axis and long axis..

SAIC Chase SAIC Chase MAXUS V80 2021 2.0T manual classic Aoyuntong long shaft center 6/7/8/9.

Size and price of SAIC Datong V80 Aoyuntong manual transmission model Wheelbase (mm) Captain (mm) Car height (mm) Number of seats (units) Price (ten thousand yuan) 3100(brachyaxis) 4950 2070 (ultra-low ceiling) 5、6 11.88 2345 (Zhongding) 7、8、9 12.18 3850 (long axis) 5700 2345 (Zhongding) 6、7、8、9 13.88 2552 (high top) 14.68 PS: The body width of SAIC Chase V80 is 1998mm, and the price of 6AMT models is increased by RMB 5,000.

   The short axle version has a wheelbase of 3100mm and a vehicle length of 4950mm, and there are two types: ultra-low top and middle top., with heights of 2070mm and 2345mm respectively,The advantage of the ultra-low top model is that it is almost not limited by high influence, and the mid-top model has more room in the car, making it easier to get in and out of the car or take things.The number of seats can be selected from 5-9 seats, among which the space for pulling people and carrying goods is relatively average for 5-6 seat models, and the guide price for 6MT models is 118,800 yuan, while the 7-,8-and 9-seat models have more advantages in the load of people, of course, the space for carrying goods will be reduced accordingly, and the guide price for 6MT models is 121,800 yuan. The 6AMT model increased by RMB 5,000 on the basis of this price.

SAIC Chase SAIC Chase MAXUS V80 2021 2.0T manual classic Aoyuntong long shaft center 6/7/8/9.

SAIC Chase SAIC Chase MAXUS V80 2021 2.0T manual classic Aoyuntong long shaft center 6/7/8/9.

SAIC Chase SAIC Chase MAXUS V80 2021 2.0T manual classic Aoyuntong long shaft center 6/7/8/9.

SAIC Chase SAIC Chase MAXUS V80 2021 2.0T manual classic Aoyuntong long shaft center 6/7/8/9.

"Aoyuntong Long Axis Center Top"

  Long-axle models have a wheelbase of 3850mm and a length of 5700mm, and there are two types: middle roof and high roof.The height is 2345mm and 2552mm respectively, and the seats have four layouts of 6/7/8/9 seats, which has more space than the short-axis models, but there must be some trade-offs in flexibility. In terms of price, the guiding price of 6MT long axle center roof is 138,800 yuan, and the guiding price of high roof is 146,800 yuan, and the 6AMT model is increased by 5,000 yuan on this basis.

  The above is a detailed introduction of the classic V80 model of SAIC Chase, and I believe that everyone can already find the law of car selection from it.The first step is to locate what to do when buying a car.Do you need a logistics vehicle that focuses on transportation, a business/commuter vehicle that focuses on people, or a multi-functional vehicle that takes care of the transportation of people and goods? Logistics vehicles choose the city to match the king, taking into account the choice of people and goods. Which category was determined,The second step is to consider your own car environment. How many people do you need to load? Which wheelbase and length can meet the flexibility requirements and which height can meet the limit requirements? The third step, considering the budget, do you need 6MT or 6MT models?With these three-step step-by-step ideas, many models will not be stumped.

The biggest change of Xiaomi ecological chain in ten years! Abandoning product categories and embracing "SAN hierarchical management"

The biggest change of Xiaomi ecological chain in ten years! Abandoning product categories and embracing "SAN hierarchical management"

Recently, according to relevant reports, Xiaomi has comprehensively reformed its ecological chain model and launched a new organizational change measure called "SAN hierarchical management strategy". This strategy aims to divide many ecological chain categories through three classification logics: S, A and N. Under the implementation of this strategy, class S products will become one of the core ecological chain categories in the future, including speakers, routers, door locks and cameras.

Prior to this, Xiaomi’s IoT business was divided into seven sub-divisions according to product categories: intelligent connection, cleaning appliances, IoT products, kitchen and bathroom appliances, healthy travel, digital consumption and environmental appliances. However, in this reform, these business divisions have been reduced to three: S-level, A-level and N-level. Among them, the S-class represents the categories that may reach the market scale of 5-10 billion yuan in the future, and they will be jointly responsible by Xiaomi Eco-chain Company and its partners; Grade A represents categories that may exceed 1 billion yuan in the future, such as air fryers, rice cookers, water purifiers and kitchen utensils. These products operate in the same way as before, but there will be no major adjustments; The N-level represents products with a scale of less than 1 billion yuan in the future. Xiaomi will focus on quality and relax the control over pricing system and project standards, so that eco-chain companies can have more autonomy.

The core goal of this reform is to achieve "heavy weight, light weight", that is, to give priority to those products with great market potential in the product line, and at the same time to relax the control of those products with small scale and limited potential. This is undoubtedly an important adjustment and optimization of the Xiaomi ecological chain model.


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Recently, according to relevant reports, Xiaomi has comprehensively reformed its ecological chain model and launched a new organizational change measure called "SAN hierarchical management strategy". This strategy aims to divide many ecological chain categories through three classification logics: S, A and N. Under the implementation of this strategy, class S products will become one of the core ecological chain categories in the future, including speakers, routers, door locks and cameras. …

Mr. Feng Shui said that most of the business came from officials, and frustrated officials moved to their ancestral graves for promotion.

  Feng Shui, once regarded as a feudal superstition, resurfaced in recent years under the banner of "traditional culture". Some local officials are superstitious about geomantic omen. In order to make their official career prosperous and safe, they ask the so-called masters to "point out the maze". The reporter found in interviews in many places that officials’ superstition of Feng Shui has become an open secret of officialdom. Some party and government officials lost their values, and instead of working hard for the people, they racked their brains on the issue of Feng Shui, causing great resentment among the masses.

  Mr. Feng Shui: "Most of the business I take is official."

  Sanliao Village, Meijiao Town, Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province is a well-known "Feng Shui Village". Zeng Qingwei, director of the village, said that there are more than 200 Feng Shui masters in the village all the year round, and most of them are profitable. Many people bought houses in Guangdong and drove BMW and Mercedes-Benz back in the New Year.

  Zeng Xianbai, a 75-year-old villager with only a primary school education, makes a living by watching Feng Shui. In addition to nearby cities and counties, he often goes to Shanghai, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian and other places to explore Feng Shui. He is one of the famous "masters" in the village. It is said that his family has an ancestral handwritten copy of Feng Shui "cheats", which is handed down from man to woman. The reporter said that he wanted to have a look, but he was rejected. Zeng Xianbai said: "Most of my business is official, mainly planning and design, including office furnishings, gate location, feng shui equipment purchase, etc., and my income ranges from hundreds of yuan to tens of thousands of yuan each time."

  In a "Feng Shui Prediction Room" in Changsha City, Hunan Province, the reporter saw that there were many banners hanging on the wall, such as "Zhuge Re-embodiment", "Skillful Calculation" and "Breaking the World Directly". The 40-year-old "master" is tall and thin, wearing a near-sighted mirror, with Feng Shui books on his desk and a computer for predicting and watching Feng Shui. The business scope includes general forecast, date selection, lighting and feng shui adjustment, and the price ranges from 100 yuan to 33,000 yuan. "Customers are generally businessmen and officials. Relying on fortune telling and feng shui, there are four or five hundred thousand yuan in income every year. " The "master" said.

  There is a "Goddess" in Wuli Bazhuang, Dangshan County, Anhui Province, which is located at the junction of the four provinces of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui. Many grassroots cadres often go to worship if they have any difficulties and puzzles, and there are often some cars with the prefix "Beijing" and "Shanghai" coming all the way to see Feng Shui. An insider revealed: "Many cadres in the county believe in Feng Shui very much. Sometimes people can’t find anyone when they go to the government to do things. When asked, they go to worship the gods."

  Cheng Ping, a researcher in the Department of Social and Cultural Education and Research of the National School of Administration, once presided over the research group of "Investigation on the Scientific Literacy of County-level Civil Servants in China". According to the survey of more than 900 county-level civil servants who participated in the survey, it was found that only 47.6% of county-level civil servants were not superstitious, and more than half of them believed in physiognomy, duke of zhou, horoscope prediction and visa application. Some officials believe in superstitious activities even more than the general public. Cheng Ping said that some officials believe that Feng Shui can change their fortune, starting from a pragmatic mentality and holding an attitude of "preferring to believe in it".

  A few officials: "It is better to praise well than to do well, and to praise well is better than to burn incense."

  The reporter found that many officials always ask the advice of Feng Shui masters before seeking official positions, changing jobs, doing things, breaking ground, moving, etc., otherwise their hearts are not practical.

  Liu Su, a professor at Hunan University, said that some cadres lack the ability to govern, and they are unwilling to go to the grassroots and go to the masses. They think about problems and do things without considering the interests of the masses, and their value orientation is distorted. As a result, they are influenced by Feng Shui and superstition. Because officials hold public power, superstitious geomantic omen has even expanded from personal behavior to the use of administrative power, building large-scale projects, wasting people’s money, and the masses are full of complaints.

  In the middle of a T-junction in Gaoyi County, Hebei Province, a retired old-fashioned J-6 fighter plane was placed, and a small garden was built around it to block the main road, and the blocked road was facing the county compound. This is the result of the superstition of Feng Shui by Cui Xinyuan, secretary of the county party committee. The plane symbolizes promotion and wealth.

  At the end of April 2010, Cui Xinyuan was removed from the post of county party secretary. The head of the local taxation bureau of a county in southern Jiangxi moved back and forth in several nearby counties, but he was not promoted for nine years. The geomantic master said that because the ancestral grave was not well-chosen, he went to Sanliao Village in Xingguo County to ask the geomantic master for advice, and thought that "good geomantic omen" was a shortcut to promotion.

  Wang Guoqing, secretary of the Party Committee of Xinmin Town, Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, said that behind the "Feng Shui complex" of officials is the lack of faith. There are indeed a few grassroots cadres who are convinced that "it is better to praise well than to do well, and to praise well is better than to burn incense."

  In addition to seeking official luck, the hope of avoiding disasters is also a major motivation for officials to believe in Feng Shui. A "feng shui master" in Hunan told reporters that officials who believe in feng shui usually come to the door to ask for the practice of painting symbols, put "amulets" on their desks or themselves, and some people may move a "treasure land" to their ancestral graves to keep him safe and relieve their great mental stress. This has led to the phenomenon of "burning incense and worshiping Buddha while corrupting".

  In an interview with Lingao County, Hainan Province, the reporter learned that the county party committee and government compound in this county blocked the main entrance to the west, built a building on the original site, and opened another door to the south on the side. The local people told reporters that Wu Guanghua, former secretary of the county party committee of Lingao County, and others were sentenced to prison for corruption. Later leaders believed that the former official career was not smooth because there was something wrong with the office building, because looking out from the government gate, the Lingao County Public Security Bureau and the People’s Procuratorate were not far away, just like two guns on their heads, which boded ill for stroke of bad luck. Although the feng shui pattern was changed, Chen Chuangfu, the later county party secretary, was also dismissed because of corruption. The local people said: "I don’t believe in ghosts and gods, and ghosts and gods don’t help corrupt officials."

  Whether you can be promoted is done, not calculated by Mr. Feng Shui.

  Although party and government cadres are superstitious that geomantic omen is not the mainstream, its influence is extremely bad. The spread of these cadres’ belief crisis will endanger the party’s mass base and run counter to the construction of a clean and efficient service-oriented government. Some cadres, masses, experts and scholars suggested that the party’s mass line education and practice activities should be taken as an opportunity to let Feng Shui superstition go down the altar.

  -opposing feng shui superstition and strengthening ideals and beliefs are the basis for eliminating the "feng shui complex" in officialdom. He Xingliang, a counselor of the State Council and a researcher at the China Academy of Social Sciences, said that because there is still a lot of room for survival in the society, it just fills in the gaps of some officials’ beliefs and even rushes to it, and this trend should be stopped. Party member cadres who watch geomantic omen and engage in feudal superstitious activities, disrupting the order of production, work and social life, will be punished once they are found, and they will be given disciplinary sanctions according to their harm.

  -Open authorization process and transparent selection of cadres are the prerequisites for eliminating the "feng shui complex" in officialdom. Seeking official luck is the main inducement of the "feng shui complex" in officialdom, which actually reflects the irregular and opaque reality of cadre selection in some places. Zhou Lin, secretary of Wanli District Committee of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, suggested that when selecting leading cadres, we should not only look at what he said and did in public, but also look at what he did in private, so as to make the whole authorization mechanism open and transparent and bask in the sun, thus blocking the first barrier of officials’ geomantic superstition.

  -Taking the mass line well and accepting the supervision of the masses is the guarantee to eliminate the "feng shui complex" in officialdom. The mass line is the lifeline of the party. The promotion of officials is done, not calculated by Mr. Feng Shui. "When can the grassroots and the masses more test and decide the promotion of cadres, and when can the Feng Shui complex disappear?" Ouyang Feng, secretary of Yizhang County Committee of Hunan Province, said that to resist the official geomantic superstition, we should give full play to the powerful supervisory power of the masses, investigate the incidents of individual cadres’ geomantic superstition reflected by the masses, and give a timely reply to the society. (Reporter Qi Zhiming, He Wei, Zhao Yingquan, Ye Chao, Cheng Zilong)

 

Guangzhou: Women believe that "Mr. Feng Shui" was cheated out of money and lost his virginity.

Japan wants to relax its arms export policy and seek military loosening.

  Xinhua News Agency, Tokyo, June 28th

  Xinhua News Agency reporter Shen Honghui

  The joint working group on the revision of the "Three Principles of Defence Equipment Transfer" established by the ruling Coalition of Japan, the Liberal Democratic Party and the Komeito Party, recently held a private meeting to roughly finalize the revision direction.

  Analysts pointed out that according to the revised plan, Japan’s existing "three principles of defense equipment transfer" and its detailed rules for interpretation will undergo great changes, and even the export restrictions on anti-personnel weapons will be lifted. Behind this change lies the Japanese government’s intention to break through the post-war military restrictions, which will bring unstable factors to regional peace and stability.

  Brewing is greatly relaxed

  According to Japanese media reports, the revision directions finalized by the joint working group on the revision of the "Three Principles of Defence Equipment Transfer" at the meeting on the 21st of this month include: the current principles stipulate that weapons can only be exported for the purpose of "benefiting Japan’s national security", and the purpose of "assisting the invaded country" is added to the discussion plan; According to the current principle, Japan can only export five kinds of weapons, such as "rescue" and "transportation", which are mainly logistics types. The seminar plan will add "demining" and "training", or directly abolish the classification and completely lift the ban on the export of weapons including anti-personnel weapons; The current principle prohibits the transfer of equipment jointly developed by Japan and other countries to a third party, and the seminar proposes to relax this ban.

  After World War II, Japan promulgated the "Three Principles of Arms Export", which prohibited arms export. In recent years, Japan has repeatedly broken through the original restrictions. In 2014, during the reign of former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, the "Three Principles of Defence Equipment Transfer" was introduced to replace the original "Three Principles of Arms Export", which greatly relaxed Japan’s restrictions on exporting armaments and technologies for decades.

  In December last year, the government led by Prime Minister kishida fumio issued a new version of the National Security Assurance Strategy and other three security policy documents, clearly proposing to revise the "Three Principles of Defence Equipment Transfer" and its detailed rules to further expand arms exports. In April this year, the Liberal Democratic Party and the Komeito Party set up a joint working group to conduct several rounds of secret room consultations, and finally formed the above plan.

  Analysts pointed out that although this revision plan is still under discussion, Japan’s policy trend of substantially relaxing arms exports has been determined.

  Seek military loosening

  Restricting arms exports is the core policy principle of Japan’s pacifist constitutional concept. At the end of last year, the new version of the third document on security policy completely abandoned the principle of "defending exclusively". This seminar has once again confirmed that Japan wants to break through the post-war military taboos.

  Analysts pointed out that expanding arms exports is an important tool for the Kishida government to achieve the so-called "military normalization" goal. The kishida government created the OSA project, which includes the budget of about 2 billion yen this year to assist the military construction of the Philippines and other four countries. OSA should be carried out according to the "three principles of defense equipment transfer". A substantial relaxation of the three principles will eliminate the obstacles faced by the Kishida government in implementing OSA.

  In fact, the specific cases exposed by the Japanese media related to the relaxation of arms exports all reflect the strong military objectives of the Japanese government. For example, lifting the ban on exporting weapons to the "invaded country" means considering exporting lethal weapons to Ukraine in exchange for NATO’s "entry into Asia" by expanding aid to Ukraine.

  In addition, the Japanese government hopes to boost its military industry by relaxing restrictions on the transfer of weapons and equipment. Due to export restrictions, Japan’s military industry can’t enjoy the international military market dividend, and it has been in trouble in recent years. Japan has decided to jointly develop a new generation of fighters with Britain and Italy, and relaxing the arms export standards is intended to serve such projects.

  Arouse widespread opposition

  Although the joint working group on the revision of the "Three Principles of Defence Equipment Transfer" is composed of the Liberal Democratic Party and the Komeito Party, the Liberal Democratic Party has pushed for the expansion of arms exports, causing concern among the ruling ally Komeito Party. Natsuo Yamaguchi, a representative of Komeito Party, said that the Japanese people don’t want to see weapons made in Japan being used to kill people, and hope that the Joint Working Group will pay attention to this public opinion.

  There are also many opposition voices in Japanese society. Aoi Weifan, a professor at Japan Academy University, said that the Japanese Constitution renounces war and pursues pacifism, and Japanese public opinion will never condone the use of Japanese-made weapons for killing people. Recently, some people claimed that the export of "weapons of mass destruction has not been banned". This statement can appear because the whole policy revision process is a secret room negotiation without consideration by Congress. This practice of modifying and explaining the export of anti-personnel weapons by cleverness is absolutely unacceptable.

  In an editorial, Japan’s Asahi Shimbun pointed out that if weapons of destruction are provided, it will not only violate the principle of pacifism, but also have a wide impact and aggravate regional tensions. Red Flag, an organ newspaper of Japanese communist party, commented that promoting and expanding arms exports is a part of the Kishida government’s efforts to build a military country, and this dangerous plot cannot be allowed to succeed.

Guangdong Provincial Department of Education, Guangdong Provincial Department of Finance, guangdong provincial department of human resources and social security, Guangdong Provincial Health and Wellne

"On the original private teachers and original substitute teachers to issue subsidies for living difficulties" has been approved by the provincial people’s government, and are hereby printed and distributed to you, please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation.

Education Department of Guangdong     Guangdong Provincial Finance Department

 

guangdong provincial department of human resources and social security   Guangdong Provincial Health and Wellness Committee

2018yeartwelvemoon21sun

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

About the original private teachers and original substitute teachers.

Work plan of living hardship allowance

 

The former private teachers and the former substitute teachers (hereinafter referred to as the former private substitute teachers) are important components of the primary and secondary school teachers formed under specific historical conditions. Under very difficult conditions, they are loyal to the party’s education and conscientiously serve the people’s education, making positive contributions to the development of basic education in our province. In order to implement the relevant deployment requirements of the provincial party Committee and the provincial government,Properly solve the life difficulties of the original private substitute teachers,Combined with the reality of our province,Put forward the following scheme.

I. Work objectives

In view of the actual situation of the original private substitute teachers in our province, to meet the requirements of men over the age of60One-year-old, female55One-year-old former private substitute teachers give subsidies for living difficulties.

Second, the basic principles

(a) adhere to the principle of compliance with the law.According to the relevant laws, regulations, rules and policies, make clear the scope, conditions, working procedures and requirements of the recipients of living difficulties subsidies..

(2) Adhere to the principle of problem orientation.In view of the problems of the original private substitute teachers,Grant subsidies for living difficulties to qualified original private substitute teachers..

(three) adhere to the principle of convergence with the original policy.The policy measures are connected with the previous policies of our province to solve the original private substitute teachers.

(four) adhere to the principle of territoriality.Province to formulate a unified policy, the specific implementation work in accordance with theTerritorial dominance"In principle, the municipal and county people’s governments shall be responsible.

(5) Adhere to the principle of only decreasing without increasing.On the basis of the self-examination and audit of the original private substitute teachers, the list of the original private substitute teachers and the total number of personnel will be solidified, and according to the natural attrition of personnel, it will only be reduced rather than increased.

Third, the object of subsidy payment

The following persons are not included in the scope of payment of subsidies for living difficulties:

1.The original private teachers who are included in the plan to leave their posts and retire;

3.Persons with criminal records and those who have been dismissed, dismissed or terminated their employment contracts due to violation of national laws, regulations, rules and policies during their teaching.

Meet the conditions of the original private substitute teachers, according to the cumulative teaching term, each2Last semester is regarded asoneYears. The remainder of the total number of working years isoneFor the semester, pressoneAnnual calculation. The working years will not be adjusted after the self-examination and audit of the original private substitute teachers are approved.

Work experience exceeds30Year, monthly subsidy per person.900Yuan; working life20-29Year, monthly subsidy per person.eight hundredYuan; working life10-19Year, monthly subsidy per person.seven hundredYuan; working life1-9In 2000, the municipalities gave appropriate subsidies, the specific standards were formulated by the municipalities, and the required funds were raised by the cities and counties themselves. In the future, the subsidy standard will be dynamically adjusted according to the social and economic development.

Five, the calculation time

(a) in line with the conditions of the original private substitute teachers2017yeartwelvemoon31sunBefore (including)Male over age60One-year-old, female55one full year of lifeYes, from2018yearoneThe allowance for living difficulties is calculated and paid from January, and it will not be reissued in previous years.

(two) in line with the conditions of the original private substitute teachers.2018yearonemoononesunReach after (inclusive)Male over age60One-year-old, female55one full year of lifeYes, fromMale over age60One-year-old, female55one full year of lifeStarting from next month, the subsidy for living difficulties will be distributed.

(three) living difficulties subsidies to meet the conditions of the original private substitute teacher died in the month.

Shantou City, Shaoguan City, Heyuan City, Meizhou City, Huizhou City, Shanwei City, Yangjiang City, Zhanjiang City, Maoming City, Zhaoqing City, Qingyuan City, Chaozhou City, Jieyang City, Yunfu City, and enping city City, Kaiping City and Taishan City of Jiangmen City, by provinces and cities.5:5The proportion of grading burden required funds. The funds needed in other areas shall be borne by the local government, and the proportion of cities and counties shall be determined by the local municipal people’s government.

The distribution methods and channels of subsidies for the living difficulties of qualified former private substitute teachers shall be determined by the people’s governments of counties (cities, districts).

VII. Working Procedures

(1) Application.The qualified original private substitute teacher himself applies at the current domicile. Villages and towns (streets) should designate special departments and special personnel to handle them. According to Guangdong teachers [201611No. and Guangdong teacher [2017sixSelf-examination and audit of the original private substitute teachers, and notice that the male has reached the age of one year.60One-year-old, female55One-year-old local registered original private substitute teachers, holding their ID cards and household registration books and other valid documents, receive and fill out the application form for subsidies for living difficulties of original private substitute teachers in Guangdong Province in triplicate (hereinafter referred to as the "application form", annex)one)。 All localities should2019yearonemoon31the other dayNotify a man that he has reached the age of 1860One-year-old, female55One full year of life (the deadline for age calculation is2018yeartwelvemoon31sun) of the original private substitute teachers to complete the first personal application, and thereafter every year.threemoon31Notice the current year a few days agoMale over age60One-year-old, female55one full year of lifeThe original private substitute teacher completed the personal application.

(2) preliminary examination.Township (street) after receiving the "application form" and related materials, infiveConduct a preliminary examination of whether the applicant meets the requirements within working days, and report the list of personnel and the Application Form passed in the preliminary examination to the education department of the county-level or prefecture-level city without districts. Towns (streets) should be in2019year2moon28the other dayComplete the first trial, and then every year.fourmoon15The preliminary examination was completed a few days ago.

(3) review.The education department of a prefecture-level city at the county level or not divided into districts shall, after receiving the list of the first-instance personnel of a township (street), examine whether the applicant meets the subsidy conditions, working years, subsidy standards, subsidy amount, etc. jointly with the departments of finance, human society and health care, and put forward the examination opinions. Education, finance, human society, health and other departments of prefecture-level cities at the county level or without districts should2019yearthreemoon15the other dayComplete the first audit, and then every yearfourmoon30The audit was completed a few days ago and the audit opinions were put forward.

(4) publicity.The departments of education, finance, human society, health and health of prefecture-level cities at county level or not divided into districts shall post the list of approved personnel in the education departments of prefecture-level cities at county level or not divided into districts, township central schools (institutions exercising the functions of township education management) and village committees.fiveWorking days, at the same time in the county or prefecture-level city government portal publicity.fiveWorking days, widely accepted social supervision. Education, finance, human society, health and other departments of prefecture-level cities at the county level or without districts should2019yearthreemoon31the other dayComplete the publicity, and thereafter every year.fivemoon15A few days ago, the publicity of all those who met the subsidy conditions in that year was completed.

(5) confirmation.After publicity without objection, the education, finance, human society, health and other departments of county-level or prefecture-level cities without districts will confirm the list of personnel and establish and improve the annual "____County (city, district) original private substitute teachers living difficulties subsidy object list "____County (city, district) original private substitute teachers living difficulties subsidy object increase or decrease table "and"____Counties (cities, districts) of the original private substitute teachers living difficulties subsidies for the number of objects summary table "(Annex2threefour), at the same timefiveWithin working days, submit the form stamped and confirmed by the relevant departments to the municipal education, finance, human society and health departments for review.

(6)Review.Municipal education, finance, human society, health and health departments to review, summarize and archive the relevant materials submitted by various departments at the county level, and fill in the "____Summary of the number of recipients of subsidies for the living difficulties of the original private substitute teachers in the city (annexfive), and report to the Provincial Department of Education, the Provincial Department of Finance, the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, and the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee for the record.

(7) disbursement.The provincial and municipal finance departments shall, according to the situation of qualified original private substitute teachers, subsidy standards and sharing ratio after review, reach the county-level finance under the required subsidy funds, and the county-level finance department shall be responsible for timely allocating the provincial, municipal and county subsidy funds to the issuing units. All localities should complete the allocation within one month after the provincial and municipal finance issues funds every year.

(8) distribution.After receiving the subsidy funds, each distributing unit will promptly distribute the subsidy funds for living difficulties directly to the qualified personal accounts of the original private substitute teachers. Each distribution unit shall complete the distribution work within one month after receiving the subsidy funds every year.

All relevant departments should strictly control. The education department is responsible for the examination and review of the applicant’s identity and working years, and the education, finance, human society, health and health departments jointly examine and review whether they meet the subsidy conditions, subsidy standards and subsidy amount. The township (street) is responsible for the application and preliminary examination of the original private substitute teachers.

In order to avoid the change of the object of payment of living difficulties subsidies or the fraudulent use of subsidies by others after death, all localities should establish a qualification examination mechanism for receiving living difficulties subsidies, and check the relevant situation of recipients through various effective ways such as on-site qualification examination, comparison with household registration information of public security departments, enrollment information of social insurance agencies, and population information of health and health departments.

Eight,job requirement

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership.Local people’s governments at all levels should attach great importance to it, do a good job in this work from the overall situation of maintaining social stability, coordinate and lead the education, finance, human society, health and other departments to strengthen organization and implementation, closely cooperate and promote in coordination, and earnestly implement the concern of the provincial party Committee and the provincial government for the vast number of former private substitute teachers. While implementing the subsidies for the living difficulties of qualified former private substitute teachers, all localities and cities should make overall consideration of the protection of the treatment of former private teachers who have left their posts and retired, and adjust their relevant treatment standards appropriately according to the level of economic and social development in the region.

(two) the implementation of work responsibilities.The education department should strengthen the examination and confirmation of the identity and working years of the original private substitute teachers to ensure that the qualified original private substitute teachers are true and accurate; The financial department should do a good job in the accounting and financing of subsidy funds, and timely allocate subsidy funds in place; The human resources and social security departments and their social security agencies should provide the insured status of personnel in a timely manner; The health department should strengthen the audit of the implementation of family planning by the original private substitute teachers; Supervision, auditing, maintaining stability, online information, letters and visits, public security, national security and other relevant departments should cooperate with each other to ensure the smooth implementation of the work. Municipalities should promptly formulate working years below.10Subsidy standards and work plans for people under years old; City, county (city, district) to raise funds needed for the payment of difficult subsidies in a timely manner; Villages and towns (streets) should be equipped with principled, familiar with policies and serious and responsible staff, and timely complete the preliminary examination of local qualified original private substitute teachers.

(3) Timely distribution in place.The people’s governments of counties (cities, districts) or prefecture-level cities not divided into districts shall, in accordance with the requirements, formulate payment methods in a timely manner, refine and clarify the payment methods, distribution channels, distribution units, payment requirements, etc., and ensure that the subsidy funds for living difficulties are paid in full and on time to the qualified original private substitute teachers.

(4) Strengthen fund management.Departments of finance, education, human society and health care at all levels should standardize capital expenditure procedures in accordance with relevant national and provincial laws, regulations and systems, strengthen supervision and inspection on the management and use of funds, establish an accountability mechanism for fund tracking, and ensure earmarking. The Provincial Department of Education, the Provincial Department of Finance, the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, and the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee will conduct irregular spot checks on the management and use of funds in various places.

(5) Strict policy discipline.all/different levelsplaceThe government and relevant departments should strictly follow the relevant policy requirements, standardize operations and strengthen supervision. For those who cheat the subsidy funds by falsely claiming, practicing fraud, engaging in malpractices for selfish ends, once verified, they will be disqualified from enjoying the subsidy for living difficulties, and the relevant subsidy funds will be recovered. At the same time, the responsibility of the responsible person will be seriously investigated in accordance with the relevant provisions; Anyone suspected of violating the law and discipline shall be handed over to the relevant authorities for investigation and punishment according to the law.

(6)Ensure social stability.City, county (city, district) people’s government is the main body responsible for the implementation of the original private substitute teachers in our province to pay subsidies for living difficulties and ensure the stability of the original private teachers.Territorial management and hierarchical responsibility"andWho is in charge and who is in charge?"The principle of establishing a hierarchical responsibility system for maintaining stability, so as to grasp the first level and be responsible for the first level, consolidate the responsibility of maintaining stability at the grassroots level, formulate and improve the work plan, establish an emergency response mechanism, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stability.

This "Work Plan" is from2019yearonemoon21RiqiImplementation, effective as of the date of implementationfiveYears.

 

Attachment:1.Application Form for Subsidy for Living Difficulties of Former Private Substitute Teachers in Guangdong Province

    2.____County (city, district) original private substitute teachers living difficulties subsidies.List of distribution targets

3.____County (city, district) original private substitute teachers living difficulties subsidies.Table of Increase and Decrease of Distribution Objects

4.____County (city, district) original private substitute teachers living difficulties subsidies.Summary of the number of distribution targets

5.____The original private substitute teachers in the city are granted subsidies for living difficulties.Summary of number of people

Four "fast tracks", such as breakthrough therapeutic drug program, help drug research and development and listing.

  People’s Daily Online, Beijing, July 5 (Reporter Sun Hongli) According to the news from official website, National Medical Products Administration, the 2021 Drug Review Report shows that the breakthrough therapeutic drug procedures, conditional approval procedures, priority review and approval procedures, and special approval procedures, and four "fast tracks" help accelerate drug research and development and listing. In addition, in 2021, a historic breakthrough was made in the registration and evaluation of innovative drugs.

  A batch of drugs urgently needed in clinic entered the "fast track"

  In 2021, a number of drugs urgently needed in clinic entered the "fast track".

  The 2021 Annual Drug Review Report showed that 53 applications (41 varieties) were included in the breakthrough therapeutic drug program, covering diseases caused by infection in novel coronavirus, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer and other indications. 115 applications for registration (69 varieties) were included in the priority review and approval procedures, including 41 drugs with conditional approval and 34 new varieties, dosage forms and specifications of drugs for children that meet children’s physiological characteristics. In addition, 81 applications for registration included in the special examination and approval procedures were concluded throughout the year, all of which were vaccines and therapeutic drugs from Covid-19.

  In 2021, 47 innovative drugs were approved.

  In 2021, 47 innovative drugs were approved, reaching a record high. The 2021 Drug Review Report shows that 1,886 applications for registration of innovative drugs (998 varieties) were accepted in the whole year, up by 76.10% year-on-year; 1,744 applications for registration of innovative drugs (943 varieties) were concluded, with a year-on-year increase of 67.85%. The number of applications for registration of innovative drugs and the number of applications concluded reached a new high in nearly five years.

  National Medical Products Administration said that the refreshing of the data for the registration and review of innovative drugs reflected the continuous deepening of the reform of the drug review and approval system, encouraged the continuous overweight of the innovation policy dividend, and further improved the review ability and efficiency. In 2021, the number of drug registration applications accepted and concluded increased by 13.79% and 19.55% year-on-year, and the overall time-limited conclusion rate reached 98.93%. Moreover, the time-limited conclusion rate of new drug listing permit applications and registration applications included in priority review and approval procedures exceeded 90%, which made a historic breakthrough and accelerated the listing of new drugs and good drugs.

  Continue to deepen the reform of drug review and approval system

  National Medical Products Administration pointed out that with the globalization of new drug R&D and innovation increasing, "global new" drugs such as new mechanisms and new targets are gradually increasing, and the challenges and pressures of innovative products on evaluation ability have become increasingly prominent.

  In 2022, National Medical Products Administration will continue to deepen the reform of the drug review and approval system, support and encourage enterprises to innovate in new technologies, new targets and new mechanisms of modern medicine, and promote the solution of the "stuck neck" problem of industrial innovation and development; Insist on encouraging clinical value-oriented research and development innovation of new and good drugs, drugs for rare diseases, drugs for major infectious diseases, and drugs urgently needed in public health; Refine and optimize the approval procedures for breakthrough therapeutic drugs, conditional approval and priority review, and promote the high-quality development of drugs; Support the research and innovation of children’s medication to meet clinical needs, and improve the safety and accessibility of children’s medication.

Evolution of ancient and modern Chinese characters


  Chinese characters have a history of about 5,000 years since their origin. For thousands of years, Chinese characters have been developing and changing. The constant and uninterrupted evolution has caused great physical differences between Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty and today’s regular script Chinese characters. In the meantime, it can be divided into two major stages: ancient Chinese characters and modern Chinese characters.


  In terms of time, the stage of ancient Chinese characters includes Shang Dynasty characters, Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Characters, Six Kingdoms characters and Qin Dynasty characters. At present, the large-scale systematic Oracle Bone Inscriptions we see belongs to the late Shang Dynasty, and it is a kind of writing carved on tortoise shells and animal bones. Due to the limitation of writing tools, Oracle Bone Inscriptions is mostly a thin pen with square folds, but seldom a fat pen with round turns. Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s pictographic composition is not only heavy, but also the structure is not fixed, showing great randomness and flexibility in specific writing. The bronze inscriptions in the early Western Zhou Dynasty also followed the style of bronze inscriptions in the late Shang Dynasty, and then gradually tended to be neat and square. The obvious change was that the curved thick brush was replaced by straight lines. During the Spring and Autumn Period, inscriptions on bronze in various regions gradually formed their own writing characteristics, and artistic fonts with bird-shaped and insect-shaped decorations appeared in inscriptions on bronze in some areas in the East and South. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are the transitional period from slavery to feudalism in our society. The society in China has undergone drastic changes, and the separatist regime of vassals has caused serious abnormal characters among countries and regions. This regional difference of Chinese characters brings a lot of inconvenience to people’s social communication and affects the communication between regions. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he immediately embarked on the reform of "writing with the same language", taking Xiao Zhuan as the unified national writing standard, which made the Chinese characters more regular and symmetrical, and the pictographic degree was further reduced, showing unprecedented stereotypes. Although the strokes of Xiao zhuan are round and beautiful, it is extremely inconvenient to write, so people change the strokes into square folds in practical use and transform the glyphs appropriately.Gradually formed a simple and easy to write new font-Qin Li. Its appearance laid the foundation for the emergence of han li, which is an important transitional stage from ancient Chinese characters to modern Chinese characters.


  Today’s characters are the Chinese characters in the official script stage, which have continued from Han Dynasty to modern times. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the characters inherited the Qin system, and the structure of Qin Li was gradually simplified, the lines were gradually symmetrical, and the brushwork was gradually regular, which gradually formed the han li. Official script is the main popular font in the Han Dynasty, which is used in solemn occasions, while cursive script is often used in people’s drafting documents and communication. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, running script was formed on the basis of official script and cursive script, and regular script was produced on the basis of running script around the time of Han and Wei Dynasties. After about 200 years in Wei and Jin Dynasties, regular script finally determined its dominant position, and running script also evolved into a font between regular script and cursive script. Running script is fast and not as illegible as cursive script, so it has high practical value. At the same time, cursive script is more simplified and difficult to identify. After the Tang Dynasty, it has completely become a kind of art for appreciation.


  The evolution of Chinese characters from Oracle Bone Inscriptions to modern regular script, from ancient script to modern script, and the internal changes of ancient and modern scripts can sum up several obvious evolution laws: simplification, phoneticization and standardization.


  Simplification is the most obvious law in the development and evolution of Chinese characters. Either because of the improvement of writing tools (from knife carving, model casting, writing with brush to block printing), or because of the change of writing carrier (from Oracle bones, bronzes, bamboo slips and silks to paper), and because of the nature of Chinese characters as a tool to record Chinese, font simplification is extremely significant among the major stages of Chinese character development. For example, "Ma" has changed from an early pictographic character to a simplified character today: (inscriptions on bronze in Shang dynasty)— (Oracle Bone Inscriptions)— (Western Zhou Dynasty inscriptions)— (Chunqiu Jinwen)— (Warring States script)— (Xiao Zhuan)-Horse-Horse, it is extremely intuitive that drawings gradually become lines, pictographs gradually weaken and disappear, and strokes become less and less convenient to write. In fact, within each stage of the development of Chinese characters, simplification is also commonplace. For example, Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s word "che" has Different forms such as complexity and simplicity; The same is true of Jinwen. , It can be seen that some are extremely pictographic (two wheels, carriages, shafts, shafts and yokes are faithfully described), and some are almost the same as today’s traditional Chinese characters. After Chinese characters entered the regular script stage, although the font has not changed greatly, the simplification of the font has not stopped, and on many occasions, vulgar style and simplification have become popular. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the simplification of Chinese characters was guided by the situation in accordance with the simplification law of Chinese characters. Many simplified characters were used in previous dynasties, and the simplification methods used (such as using ancient styles: from → from, courtesy → ceremony; Local generation of the whole: fly → fly, sound → sound; Changing the simple phonetic symbols: state → state, catfish → turtle, and Jing → Jing) has basically been used throughout the ages.


  However, Chinese characters are not as simple as possible. Whether the ideographic meaning is clear and whether there is enough difference between glyphs is a sign of whether the symbols of this recording language are easy to use or not. Therefore, there are quite a few complicated phenomena in the general trend of Chinese characters’ development and evolution, including the increase in the number of strokes of individual Chinese characters and the increase in the number of Chinese characters in general. It is well known that the number of characters has increased over the ages, but the increase of the number of strokes in a single word is more complicated. The vast majority of the word multiplication is to add components for the expression needs of "words have special words, and words substitute special words", such as (its)- (dustpan), -Shu-Qin, Giant-Moment-Yi, -I am-I am; Some add strokes or change writing methods in order to distinguish confusing words, such as month ( )-meat ( )-Angle ( )—个 ( )。 Although this kind of simplification apparently increases the burden of writing, it is necessary, so it has been preserved to this day. Some simplifications don’t just add decorative strokes or components for the sake of improving the ideographic needs, such as "writing with". ",it is temporary, and most of them are short-lived, so they are basically eliminated.


  The relationship between the complexity and simplicity of Chinese characters is dialectical. We should properly handle the relationship between them when formulating Chinese character policies and norms, and find the best combination point between the convenience of writing and the convenience of use. As Mr. Cheng Xianghui, a linguist in Macao, said: "Chinese characters can be simplified and should be simplified, but they cannot be simplified endlessly, and they should not be simplified for the sake of simplicity, thinking that it is easy to master without a stroke." We have also learned a lesson in this respect. The simplified characters in the Second Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (Draft), published in 1977 and abolished in 1986, actually failed to deal with the relationship between simplification and complexity of Chinese characters and blindly pursued the simplification of strokes, which was not convenient to use.


  The so-called phoneticization means that the proportion of pictophonetic characters is increasing, and a large number of non-pictophonetic characters are transformed into pictophonetic characters. Among all kinds of Chinese characters, pictophonetic characters have the strongest productivity and adaptability to Chinese, so they develop fastest. In the early ancient Chinese characters, pictographs and knowing words accounted for a large proportion. However, these words are often used to express meanings that are far away or irrelevant to their original meanings, such as (Yi) originally meant "water overflows from the vessel" (this meaning was later added with water as "overflow"), which was extended to "benefit, benefit" and other meanings; (Zi) is like "the shape of the nose" (this meaning is followed by the sound of "nose"), which is borrowed as a preposition and a first-person pronoun. Extension and borrowing are both very common and necessary in the use of Chinese characters (many characters are invisible, and borrowing makes up for the poor creation of pictographs). In all Oracle bone inscriptions, loanwords account for about 70%), but too many homonyms, one word with several functions, are bound to cause confusion. Driven by the clarity of Chinese characters’ meanings, most of these words are later added with phonetic symbols or phonetic symbols and become pictophonetic characters (the complexity mentioned above is an important source of pictophonetic characters). Pictophonetic characters came into being in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and developed rapidly in the Warring States Period (according to the laws of pictophonetic characters, a large number of non-pictophonetic characters were transformed into pictophonetic characters, and pictophonetic characters were directly combined with phonetic symbols and meaning symbols), and today they have completely occupied the main body. It accounts for more than 20% of all Chinese characters in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, 50% in inscriptions on bronze, 80% in Xiao Zhuan, and more than 90% today. The trend of phoneticization is extremely obvious, which also marks the gradual maturity of the Chinese character configuration system.


  If simplification and phoneticization are spontaneous and implicit laws in the evolution of Chinese characters, standardization is intentional and artificial adjustment by users. Although the evolution trend of Chinese characters is very clear, the specific evolution process is extremely complicated. There are many variants and constant errors, which are not conducive to the effective play of Chinese characters in social communication. Therefore, scholars and governments in past dynasties have attached great importance to the standardization and unification of Chinese characters. Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s heteromorphism is extremely complicated, and some of its radicals are not fixed, such as "Zi" which can be written. The position of the cow is different; Can also be used (changing the ideograph to tapir, sheep or tiger); Some parts are different in complexity, such as "teeth" , "Fu" can be used. Wait. The variety of variants and the randomness of writing are very unfavorable to social communication and the implementation of national policies, so the rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty took measures to standardize the writing. "Zhou Li Chun Guan" records that "the title of the book is in the four directions", and "the title" refers to the words, which is probably the work of unifying the national characters. When he was in Zhou Xuanwang, he also ordered Taishi to write Shi Shuan Pian to standardize Tongmeng characters. After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, he successfully carried out the work of "writing in the same language", abolished the variant forms that were inconsistent with Qin Wen, and basically ended the phenomenon of "abnormal characters" in the Warring States period; The Final Edition of Five Classics, written by Yan Shigu by Emperor Taizong, the Phonology and Meaning of Kaiyuan Characters, promulgated by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, and the Ganlu Zishu by scholar Yan Yuansun, etc., have played an important role in the unification of regular script fonts. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the state has actively carried out large-scale Chinese character sorting and standardization, focusing on simplifying glyphs and simplifying variants.


  Historical experience tells us that the standardization of Chinese characters is not only a necessary language work, but also a national plan. Because Chinese characters often change, new changes will occur after each standardization and collation, so the collation is not once and for all, and Chinese characters should be reorganized and standardized at regular intervals.


  The writing of this article refers to Wang Fengyang’s Study of Chinese Characters, Zhang Guiguang’s Brief Introduction to Chinese Characters and Dong Kun’s Origin of Chinese Characters in China. Chen Shuangxin, male, born in Wangjiang County, Anhui Province in 1969, is a professor at China Language and Character Standardization Research Center in beijing language and culture university, majoring in ancient Chinese characters and modern Chinese characters. Li Na, female, born in Baoding, Hebei Province in 1982, graduated with a doctorate in Chinese Language and Literature, and is a lecturer at the School of History of Hebei University. He mainly studies ancient philology and pre-Qin archaeology. )

Cai Chongda transformed his mother’s house into a library, and all these writers will come.

Xiansen Lee Publishers Magazine

one

Recently, I read this sad story: Mother’s House, which comes from Cai Chongda’s Skin.

This book has touched many celebrities and writers, and made countless readers cry. It has become a national best-selling book with 3.5 million copies.

Many stories in the book happened in this house.

Mother wants to build a house, a house on the fourth floor, because "no one around here has built it to the fourth floor, and when we did, we really stood up."

But building a house is by no means a worry-free thing, especially for families living in poverty.

Smiling mother

Even if my father was ill and needed medical expenses, my mother still took out 100 thousand yuan and said that she would build a house.

In order to save money, she looked after the gas station, helped to do odd jobs, picked up vegetable leaves and refused everyone’s sympathy.

Mother still decided to finish building the house, even though she knew in her heart that the house would probably be demolished in half a year or a year.

Home after completion

This house is the love that my mother has never expressed and can’t say.

Father wrote his and his mother’s names into couplets and carved them on the stone gate.

After his father died of illness, Cai Chongda has been working in Beijing and Shanghai, coming home less and less, thinking about his mother.

After all, he went out from his hometown and wanted to transform half of his home into a library and open it to the people in the town. Leaving such a public space is equivalent to returning to his hometown.

Mother can’t bear it. She drew and designed the house and built it little by little.

Mother’s house is covered with pink and white tiles.

Sister also loathe to give up. This house is full of dad’s breath and taste.

After his father left, for five or six years, Cai Chongda had to be sad and feel guilty for not cherishing him.

This transformation, he wants to leave a little souvenir for his father in this world in the way of a son.

Minnan native land, affectionate and heavy righteousness. Most people who earn money abroad will donate money to feed back their hometown education.

After the publication of Cai Chongda’s "Skin", literary prizes were awarded to two alma mater.

Among them, the "Changli Literature Award" takes the names of parents, "I hope my father in heaven and my mother in my hometown are happy."

Having a library may be a kind of compensation for my desire to read and see the outside world when I was a child.

When he was a child, his dream as a writer was laughed at.

Ideal and reality, hometown and distance. Cai Chongda said that this space is the best continuation of the past story and the present story.

2

Dragon TV’s "Dream Transformers" in the sixth season, the transformation program of domestic Douban with a high score of 9.1, finally took the lead in designing mother’s house library.

When designer Xian Bin first saw this house, he was disappointed and resisted.

The road is narrow and the space is dense. He called the house "the handshake building".

The reformed library needs to undertake four main needs: library, public lecture hall, guest room and family residence.

The guest encountered the first problem: the environment is the most challenging.

After repeated deduction, the designer chose a bold plan to stack the traditional Chinese-style courtyard in a plane layer by layer to form a hollow three-dimensional garden.

Model drawing, northwest

As a public project, the designer decided to use clear water concrete as the main material.

Because of the limited conditions, the result of the first time was very disappointing, and the guests shook their heads.

According to the characteristics of local traditional stone houses, according to the requirements of designers, the template was split in a specific size, and high-quality fair-faced concrete template and technology were adopted, and finally a high-quality sample wall was built.

However, the harsh conditions of the site made the concrete construction very difficult, and the person in charge of the construction was shocked when he saw the scene.

The arm of the sky pump can’t reach in at all, so the pump truck can only stop at the side of the road and use the ground pipeline and the ground pump for transportation.

However, the pipeline is long, there are many turns, and the pipe is blocked.

Transporting materials is also a problem.

Fair-faced concrete buildings are integrally formed, and all pipelines and water and electricity points must be embedded in place during formwork support. Once mistakes are made, all previous efforts will be wasted.

At most, there are more than 50 workers on the site, and four teams work cross-over. The atmosphere at the site is very tense.

The difficulty density is also very large, which is really too south!

In order to cooperate with the precise embedment of the lamp switch, the builder also made a special trip to find a mold processing enterprise to customize the mold.

In order to present a more concise architectural appearance, the designer designed a cavity, in which the building beams and pipelines are hidden, and all waterproof operations are carried out inside the cavity.

At the same time, many publishing houses and famous writers have heard that they are going to build a library, and they have volunteered to donate books.

The library needs professional and continuous management. Cai Chongda thought of the headmaster of his alma mater and entrusted him to organize the management.

After landscape survey, design, proofing and construction at the end of 2018, and after more than one year of hard work, this project with a building volume of more than 1,100 square meters was finally completed in early January 2020.

The unfinished fifth-floor roof garden and the curtain wall system of the building facade will be completed in the second half of this year.

three

In addition to the cultural lecture hall on the first floor and the library on the second floor, the mother’s house is mainly a living area and guest rooms on the second floor.

In order to distinguish between public and private spaces, the guests specially planned two systems.

In the third floor of the mother’s room and the family’s public activity area, the designer installed a large area of floor-to-ceiling windows to fully improve the dark lighting problem in the past.

Elevators are also installed in the building, making it more convenient to go up and down the stairs. In the mother’s bedroom, the designer specially chose the non-slip and wear-resistant solid wood floor.

Living room on the third floor

The dining room by the window on the third floor.

In January, Li Jingze, vice chairman of Chinese Writers Association, and Alai, chairman of Sichuan Writers Association, made a special trip to attend the unveiling of mother’s house.

From left to right: Cai Chongda, Alai, Xian Bin, Li Jingze.

Li Jingze said that it used to be the mother’s house, but now it has become the children’s house. For the mother, this is the pride and glory of the mother.

Ah, I got a manuscript called "Skin" six years ago, and the story mainly happened in this house. I am very willing to come to this place and will come again in the future.

Stepping into the atrium is the Heng Chang Lecture Hall. Heng Chang used to be a firm of Chua’s family, but now it is a clan number.

The audience surrounded on three sides, facing the podium. When holding an event, people can stand on the heights, sides and in front of them, forming a wonderful line of sight and making the space vivid.

The most special design is the line-of-sight relationship with different angles from the heights.

Specially built small pools and transplanted camphor trees planted when Cai Chongda’s daughter was born adorn this space with sparkling and swaying green shadows, and also tell the meaning of time.

On the north side of the first floor, it is usually not easy to show people.

It is the ancestral hall space cherished by mother, and it is also the corner of the profound link between this building and the traditional culture in southern Fujian.

The stairs on the second floor are designed with a sense of geometry and interest.

Jinjiang has a mild climate and is suitable for staying outdoors. It has an indoor library and an open-air reading area.

As a part of the atrium, it is also one of the best angles to appreciate the whole building. Public and private, dialogue and eye contact, volume and transparency, semi-hidden and semi-present, interweave a complex and charming spatial relationship.

In many details, it reflects the warmth of the family.

For example, on the bookshelf, "Fa" is my father’s name and "Sha" is Sibo’s name. The five words respectively represent the respect and commemoration for Cai Chongda’s father and brothers.

On the south side of the library is a high glass window with sufficient lighting.

The side facing the inner court can also be used for children to do homework and read.

Lamps and lanterns are all specially customized, with soft light.

The children are writing on the blackboard here.

Borrow books and do homework here.

You can come here to relax when you are tired of studying.

Even parents envy their children.

The designer donated the model house in the library.

This building was named Fazhen Building, which was named after Cai Chongda’s parents.

Cai Chongda said: "There is a very romantic tradition in southern Fujian, which is to make up a couplet with the names of the host and hostess, and then name this building. In fact, I think this is the most romantic love."

Mother’s house has preserved stone couplets.

Mother and child are connected to each other

Handrails are made of wood that can be used outdoors, and they can withstand the wind and the sun.

It will get old slowly, and the old texture will be better and more interesting.

On the bedside and the toilet, there are panic button, which can be pressed if the mother is unwell.

Mother’s waist is not good, and the softness and hardness of bedding are all taken into account.

Seeing the family photos, Cai Chongda misses his father.

He choked up and said, "Although it is called mother’s house, my mother told me yesterday that I must remember to call my father’s name. We think he is still there."

four

Heng Chang Lecture Hall also welcomes the first lesson: People and Home. Guests and Cai Chongda talk about the significance of going home.

Ah Lai said: "When I packed the distance to my hometown and returned to my hometown, I brought people from afar."

Alai share

Li Jingze said, as a modern wanderer, after coming back, our responsibility is to rebuild our hometown to some extent. "This building is so designed, I think it can be said to be perfectly realized. Very good. "

Li Jingze

(Photo: Liu Wenyi, Lin Liangbiao)

Cai Chongda said: "When a person can really reconcile with himself and accept all the parts that make up himself, you can really go home. After returning home, you will have a feeling of freedom. "

Cai Chongda and the Skin

He said that he didn’t really understand his father. I wanted to get to know my father again, so I started writing "Skin". He wrote this book because he wanted to get to know people who are particularly important to his life.

"Skin" is the best-selling book in JD.COM in 2018, and also the best-selling pure literary work of post-80s writers in China. It has been granted global copyright in English, Russian and Korean, and will go to the world from China.

The story of "skins" is to be continued.

Original title: "Cai Chongda transformed her mother’s house into a library, and all these writers will come."

Read the original text

Subculture Changes of Calling Animals: There is no superior between online dramas and movies.

An exclusive interview with Xiaoxing Yi, the beast

    Special feature of 1905 film network "Unexpectedly, the world is really wonderful … …” In the world of online drama, Xiaoxing Yi, the beast, takes a leading position, and this magical theme song is also popular in dormitory offices of various schools. At the end of 2015, there was a brand-new theme song: "The King asked me to patrol the mountains and catch a monk for dinner … …” In this era when everyone wants to vomit at the mention of "IP", it is simply a historical necessity to call the beast a film director.

    Back in 2013, Xiaoxing Yi directed the mini-series comedy "Never Imagine", and the deadpan diaosi Wang Dachui laughed over hundreds of millions of netizens. Now Xiaoxing Yi has embarked on his journey to the big screen, with Wang Dachui and, of course, diaosi distress in the online drama, and his beloved secondary subculture.

    Wang Dachui in the online drama is a miracle whose acting skills only depend on facial paralysis. He has a beautiful vision of "becoming a general manager and CEO, marrying Bai Fumei and stepping on the peak of his life", and is endowed with a mediocre character of "thinking" and being "a little excited". Under the packaging of Xiaoxing Yi’s ghost horse, he has become a good partner of urban youth on the subway and at the dinner table. Wei Xiaobao, Rihe animation, animal calling and Ke Bai’s diaosi life experience are mixed, and Wang Dachui’s image is vivid and lovely, which is deeply rooted in people’s hearts. In this New Year’s comedy "Never Imagine", Xiaoxing Yi brought Wang Dachui into the world of The Journey to the West. In order to meet the requirements of the so-called "movie" for the protagonist image of traditional drama, Wang Dachui began to have a heroic dream.

    Every young man who grew up under the influence of mainstream Hollywood blockbusters has a heroic dream to some extent. As a creator who "made his fortune" at the grassroots level, the stories told by Xiaoxing Yi also feel this way more or less. As early as 2006, Xiaoxing Yi, an engineer in a road and bridge company, uploaded his own video explaining the game. Unexpectedly, the click-through rate went up all the way. Later, he edited his own dubbing spoof short film, quit his job and started a business in the north, becoming the first batch of online drama creators to become popular. In this process, Xiaoxing Yi brought the research spirit of a science and engineering otaku to the extreme, taught himself everything from prop lighting to photography and scriptwriting, and now he has finally become a film director, and he has not shown a sense of accomplishment after ten years of cold window.

    The online drama version of "Never Imagine" not only created a large number of online buzzwords, but also the nonsense dubbing and the editing rhythm of ghosts and animals are its signature features that attract many fans. In the movie, Xiaoxing Yi abandoned many elements that were too networked, which actually meant sacrificing a lot of jokes and jokes. In this regard, he didn’t feel sorry, and he didn’t think that from online drama to movies, even if it was an upgrade, it was just that the carrier was different and the aesthetic requirements had to change.

    At an earlier media viewing conference, Xiaoxing Yi said with some humility and fear: I am more nervous about word of mouth than box office. At that time, "Never Imagine" had not set a record of breaking 100 million. However, after a period of roadshows, he was obviously much more practical. The reason is very simple, that is, fans still bought it. As for the opinions of some mainstream critics, Xiaoxing Yi has also done a good job in psychological construction: If you have to compare me with that kind of master, damn it, then I can’t help it.

    Interview record

    1905 Movie Network: How did the image of Wang Dachui, a diaosi, come into being at the early stage of the creation of Never Imagine?

    Xiaoxing Yi: The setting of the character Wang Dachui in the online drama is a combination of the characteristics of many ordinary people, such as Wei Xiaobao, whom I like very much, and my own psychological state. Ke Bai himself is also a very homely person. The most convenient and direct way of comedy is to tell the story of the little guy. He has been failing, but he has been full of hope. The setting in the movie will be different. The hero still has the hero in the traditional drama, even if he is a nobody, but he can’t stay in the same place in the end. We should pay attention to the psychological changes and growth process of the characters, and we should complete self-redemption and self-growth in the movie. We are still a nobody, but the ending will be different.

    1905 Movie Network: Ke Bai’s performance this time is still very different from the online drama. I heard that he still has difficulty in getting away from the role several times. Is it because he found his own shadow?

    Xiaoxing Yi: Before filming online dramas, it was very simple. One episode was filmed every day, and the performances were routine. Let’s cry, laugh and be expressionless. However, the performance of the film on the screen is still different, and I also helped him get into the characters in an experiential way. He is also talented, and he can get into the characters’ hearts. The scene of being beaten was actually spurned. He started to cry when he was acting, and he was still in the role after calling the card. He cried until he couldn’t breathe, so I arranged for him to cry in an empty corner for more than ten minutes.

    1905 Movie Network: How did you first think of letting him play Wang Dachui?

    Xiaoxing Yi: He was the first planner of our company, plus a voice actor. At that time, the company was understaffed, and many plays would make him run away. Even if he played a dead body, he would read the script carefully. When dubbing, some of his facial expressions and limbs were also in place, which made him feel better than the actor he was dubbing, so I tried to get him to play some small roles and put them in place. Later, when I was casting a movie, I arranged for him to audition, and the performance was very good. Although there was pressure from several parties to choose another person at that time, I still insisted on using him.

    1905 Movie Network: Won’t you worry about his professional problems? After all, I’m not from a regular school.

    Xiaoxing Yi: I feel very relieved that he has no problem performing on the big screen. He used to perform in Han Han’s studio. Many professional friends said that his performances and lines were very good. Yang Zishan, who was opposite him, was an excellent actor. When you look at them, they don’t have the class sense of a so-called senior actor and a junior actor. They are in the same channel. Yang Zishan didn’t study acting either. Both of them have high talents.

    1905 Movie Network: Why did you design the role of "Friar Sand who loves tears" for yourself?

    Xiaoxing Yi: I didn’t really want to play the role of Friar Sand at first. I wanted to find an extra actor to show my face, but there was no suitable one. I wanted to find some comedians, and no one wanted to play them. I was bearded and bald, and I couldn’t see who was who. Then I decided to do it myself, because I was bald. I didn’t set the image of Friar Sand in the original script, but later I wanted to push his cowardice and incompetence to a new height, and I could only cry silently in the face of Master’s unreasonable demands.

    1905 Movie Network: The Tang Priest played by Chen Bailin is actually a king of golden sentences, but many chicken soups for the soul are natural eggs, which seems to be quite in line with your spit personality.

    Xiaoxing Yi: I like this kind of Tang Priest very much. He is a variation of the leader and boss. He has been giving you some chicken soup for the soul, but he hasn’t given you a practical solution. He also secretly does something else himself, which is very chicken thief. Since the beginning of online drama, Tang Priest has been such an image. He has been smiling and telling you hypocritical words, and his hands are particularly dark. But the Tang Priest is actually a wise man. On the surface, he doesn’t make sense, but he knows everything. Some cruel behaviors are also a kind of practice to hone his disciples.

    1905 Movie Network: There are so many fans in "Ten Thousand". Have you summarized what is different about it?

    Xiaoxing Yi: First of all, it’s the resonance of the little people. Many netizens are middle-class people in the city. They will see the amplification of Wang Dachui’s strengths and weaknesses and find a lot of resonance. Wang Dachui’s story resonates with everyone’s life. Many of the troubles of job hunting, blind date and Wang Dachui are the troubles of urban youth now. Then, when the first season comes out, there will be a sense of freshness in form. The funny way is rare in China before, and there is a little bit of duality. I am an animation house myself. Based on these elements, a pioneer state of subculture has been formed, and now it has become a movie, so try to squeeze it into the mainstream culture.

    1905 Movie Network: From the beginning of online drama, Never Imagine has a very stylized concept of nonsense, such as some special lines rhythm, editing style, etc. Is this concept relatively restrained in movies?

    Xiaoxing Yi: There will be restraint. We deliberately make movies less avant-garde, including in form, and rarely use the quick editing in online dramas. I’ve been thinking about it for a long time, too. If the online drama is really put directly on the big screen, the audience will be very tired. That kind of visual stimulation is ok on the small screen, but it is unbearable on the big screen. I made a little compromise on popularization to ensure that the public can understand and the fans can enjoy it. From the road show, we still did it, at least the fans thought it was particularly authentic. In fact, I know that too many changes have been made, but the smell is still there.

    1905 Movie Network: This actually means a lot of jokes will be sacrificed. Do you think it’s a pity?

    Xiaoxing Yi: I don’t think it’s a pity. It’s normal. The aesthetics of a movie is different from that of a small screen. The small screen can be pulled away at any time, and the movie is in a dark cinema, forcing you to accept it. These two feelings are different, so a change must be made for the theater audience. We didn’t make a big online movie, so we can’t sacrifice the theater feeling for the small screen.

    1905 Movie Network: From spoof videos to Wanhe Tianyi, and now to film directors, is there a clear plan all the way?

    Xiaoxing Yi: I never said I had to make a movie or anything. Now I think it’s a good thing that my own movies can be seen by more people. It’s just that I’ve slowly come to find that it’s almost time to make a movie. First of all, the rapid development of the market has given people like us an opportunity. I have been in the film crew for ten years, and I have basically taught myself other jobs except makeup. There are no obstacles in communication, and the work is smooth, so it’s fate. Making cinema movies is a platform for me to show my thoughts more. Maybe there will be something more interesting in the future, so I will try that. Let nature take its course, and fix the things on your hand first. When I was a dubbing enthusiast, I did the dubbing well. When I was a editing enthusiast, I did the editing well. When I was a short drama director, I did the short drama well. Now I am making a movie, I will do the movie well.

    1905 Movie Network: From online drama to movie, do you think this is a counterattack of diaosi culture, or an upgrade of the carrier?

    Xiaoxing Yi: It can’t be said that it is an upgrade of the carrier, but a change. I don’t think cinema movies have to be more advanced than online dramas. First of all, it’s just a different aesthetic space. Sometimes what I see on the small screen will be more interesting, but the platform is different, depending on your mood at that time and your aesthetic requirements. Everyone has their own advantages, right?

    1905 Movie Network: The "five-hair special effects" in the online drama is very classic. Are you nervous when you do your own special effects now?

    Xiaoxing Yi: Audiences sometimes need novelty. For them, there are two kinds of visual effects, one is very bad, which is also a kind of excitement, but I didn’t expect it to be so bad. Another kind of stimulation is that I didn’t expect to do it so well, such as many Hollywood blockbusters. I don’t want to do anything moderate. The five-hair special effects in online dramas are a kind of joke, but also a sense of excitement and freshness. When I was making a screen movie, I told the special effects company that I know we can’t reach the level of Hollywood now, so you can give me their visual effects of big movies five years ago. I think it’s good enough. As a new director, I’m satisfied with this degree of completion. The audience at the roadshow was also very satisfied.

    1905 Movie Network: Do you want to spoof Wang Dachui’s cartoon image of Shi Niu?

    Xiaoxing Yi: I have discussed with the art director for a long time. The whole movie is cheap and cute. Everyone is cute except the villain. It’s also very strange if he turns into a very fierce cow in the end. We should refer to the modeling map of Shi Niu in Han Dynasty, which I think is very cute.

    1905 Movie Network: You said you cared more about word-of-mouth than box office when it was screened before. What’s the evaluation you received so far?

    Xiaoxing Yi: At first, I was particularly worried that the core fans wouldn’t buy it, because many changes were made. However, along the way, fans still bought it especially. They said that this is a million movies, and I don’t know what they think. Since they bought it, the first step is completed, no matter what the box office is like, at least I am worthy of them. Some places are not so funny, and they are extremely small, beyond my imagination. This film has three completion points, one is worthy of investors’ investment, the other is worthy of myself, and the other is worthy of the audience who support us. I have a clear conscience about my own efforts, and the fans also recognize it. I think there is no problem with the first one.

    1905 Movie Network: If the movie version of Never Imagine still retains the pioneering nature of the secondary subculture, are you worried that mainstream film critics will scoff?

    Xiaoxing Yi: A truly tasteful film critic will certainly be able to understand the story and perceive the author’s intention. The structure and jokes of this film are very clean and clear, and the three views are also correct. Professional film critics should not say anything too hard out of the mentality of caring for new people. If you have to compete with that kind of master, shit, then I can’t help it. I can’t compare this, can I? But as a newcomer’s first film, film critics should be more tolerant, I think so.

Please accept this "prescription" for lowering blood sugar and preventing three highs.

  Editor’s note:With the rising living standards, the double pressures of life and work, and people’s irregular and unhealthy lifestyles, more and more people are troubled by chronic diseases such as hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. What if we prevent chronic diseases?

  Three high people eat more radish skin.

  Xia Pengbin, nutritionist in charge of clinical nutrition department of Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University, pointed out that radish skin is rich in nutrition, especially suitable for people with three highs.

  In addition to vitamins and minerals, radish peel is also rich in pectin, quercetin, isothiocyanate and other active substances, which helps to regulate blood lipids, blood sugar and blood pressure to some extent, and is an ideal food for people with three highs. In addition, isothiocyanates also have certain anti-cancer effects. Radish skin is best eaten raw, which can retain more active ingredients, such as cold radish skin, pickled radish skin, sweet and sour radish skin and so on.

  Pay attention to the following points when cooking radish skin: first, if you plan to make cold radish skin, cut the skin thicker and put a layer of radish meat on it, and the mixed food will look good and delicious; Second, before the cold salad, soak the radish skin in ice water for 30 minutes, which will help to remove the odor and make it more crisp. If there is no ice, just put water directly, and the effect is slightly worse; Third, marinate the radish skin with salt for a while in advance, and the taste is better; Fourth, it’s best to eat the radish skin at one time. If you can’t finish it, you must put it in a sealed box and put it in the refrigerator, so as not to bring bad smell to the refrigerator.

  One or two cereals a day to prevent diabetes.

  According to a new joint study by Chalmers University of Science and Technology in Sweden and Danish Cancer Society, eating 50 grams of whole grains (endosperm, germ and bran of rye, oats, wheat and other grains) every day can prevent type 2 diabetes.

  The researchers selected the health data of 55,000 Danes. At the beginning of the study, these people were between 50 and 65 years old. During the following 15 years, more than 7,000 people developed type 2 diabetes. The researchers first counted the total daily intake of whole grains and the types of whole grains (rye bread, oatmeal, assorted porridge, etc.), and then combined the data with the statistics of Danish National Diabetes Register for combing analysis. The results show that the people who eat the most whole grains (at least 50 grams of whole grains every day, equivalent to a small bowl of oatmeal or a piece of rye bread) have the lowest proportion of type 2 diabetes, and the less they eat, the higher the proportion. Specifically, men who eat more than one or two whole grains a day have a lower risk of getting sick than those who don’t eat at all, and women have a lower risk of getting sick.

  Researchers say that eating more whole grains is one of the most effective dietary methods to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. In addition, drinking coffee and eating less red meat can also play a role.

  There are "three highs", drink some cereal thick pulp.

  Many people have detected "three highs". Apart from lack of exercise, craving for delicious food and pursuing eating habits of high fat, heavy refined grains and less coarse grains are also the fundamental reasons for the high incidence of symptoms such as "three highs". Zhang Ye, director of the Nutrition Department of the 309 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, suggested choosing more coarse grains as your staple food.

  Zhang Ye pointed out that the dietary guidelines for China residents suggest that you should eat 250-400g of grains every day, including 50-100g of coarse grains and coarse grains. But for the "three highs" crowd, this amount needs to be added, which can account for 1/3 to 1/2 of the staple food. Compared with flour and rice, the energy supplied by coarse grains is not high, but the dietary fiber content is much higher, which hinders the absorption of fat to some extent and can reduce the concentration of low-density cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, thus reducing the risk of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia.

  Because coarse grains are more troublesome to make, it takes almost two or three hours, including the time of boiling. Zhang Ye suggested drinking thick grain pulp. When I was young, when I was cooking porridge at home, I would give the rice oil floating on the surface to children and the elderly. This layer of rice oil is actually the fat in grain, and it is mostly unsaturated fatty acid, which is very easy to absorb. Therefore, it is a very healthy diet to boil or mash coarse grains.

  How to eat the healthiest? Zhang Ye’s secret is: grain+beans+nuts. For example, black rice, black beans and black sesame seeds can be selected in winter, and the black combination of walnut powder has the function of tonifying kidney and strengthening body, and the taste and nutrition are quite good. In summer, you can choose mung bean, coix seed, lily, lotus seed and sago. For girls, you can choose rice, red beans, red dates and medlar, which have the effect of nourishing blood and calming the nerves. People with poor spleen and stomach can choose oats, wheat, peanuts, sesame and other combinations, which have the effect of strengthening the spleen and stomach, promoting digestion and resolving food stagnation. For menopausal women, you can add some soybeans, which has a good auxiliary treatment effect.

  Most people like to eat coarse grains at night. In fact, coarse grains are not easy to digest, and eating too much at dinner may affect the quality of sleep. Zhang Ye suggested that the form of thick grain pulp is easy to take and eat, and it is better to distribute it reasonably in three meals a day.

  Drink yogurt, blood sugar is good.

  A study by the research team of Lingnan University in Korea shows that the intake of yogurt is negatively correlated with the risk of diabetes, that is, the more intake, the lower the risk, among the four groups divided according to the intake. The risk of diabetes in the group with the most intake was 27% lower than that in the group with the least intake. Yogurt is also good for patients with diabetes.

  Zuo Xiaoxia, director of the Nutrition Department of the Eighth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, said that sugar friends usually have different degrees of intestinal microecological disorders. The level of beneficial short-chain fatty acids such as butyric acid and propionic acid produced in the intestine is low, which leads to the decrease of insulin sensitivity, the increase of blood sugar and the imbalance of glucose and lipid metabolism. Eating yogurt can effectively improve the intestinal flora of sugar friends, while drinking yogurt is simpler than supplementing probiotics. Although there are more probiotics in probiotic drinks, there are also a lot of sugar, so this kind of drinks is not suitable for sugar lovers.

  Zuo Xiaoxia suggested that sugar friends had better drink yogurt after meals, because the strong acidity of gastric acid before meals will destroy most lactic acid bacteria and reduce the effect of yogurt. Many sugar friends think that yogurt is high in sugar, but the lactose in it produces lactic acid after fermentation, which can delay gastric emptying and help control postprandial blood sugar; Even if a small amount of lactose remains, it will be decomposed and absorbed in the small intestine and will not cause blood sugar fluctuation. In China, the minimum package of yogurt products is 100 grams, 2 spoonfuls or one cup per day. For overweight and obese sugar friends, it is best to choose low-sugar or skim yogurt in the supermarket. For yogurt flavored with a lot of jam, it is not recommended to choose.

  High blood fat, eat half an egg yolk every day.

  The fat in egg yolk is mainly monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid), and the phospholipid content is also high. However, the utilization rate of iron in egg yolk is low, only about 3%, because it contains vitellin, which interferes with the absorption of iron.

  The weight of eggs is generally between 45 and 55 grams. Dietary Guidelines for China Residents (2016) recommends that the average intake of eggs for adults is 40-50g per day, with one egg per day and no more than 7 eggs per week. Ma Guansheng, director of the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene of Peking University College of Public Health, said that for patients with hyperlipidemia, the intake of egg yolk should be appropriately reduced, such as eating an egg white, but the egg yolk can be halved. It is best to arrange eggs to be eaten every day, rather than focusing on a certain meal.

  Eat more green leafy vegetables and get less fatty liver.

  A recent Swedish study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that eating more green leafy vegetables is very important to prevent fatty liver.

  Dr Matthias Karstrom, a researcher at Karolinska Institute in Sweden, and his team fed a group of mice with high-fat and high-sugar foods, which increased their risk of fatty liver. After that, some mice were supplemented with nitrate (green leafy vegetables contain a lot of nitrate), and it was found that the risk of fatty liver in these mice was significantly reduced. The researchers also studied the culture of two different human liver cells, which verified the results of mouse experiments. In addition, the researchers also found that the blood pressure of type 2 diabetic mice decreased and the insulin level improved after nitrate supplementation. Previous studies have shown that nitrate from vegetables can help improve mitochondrial function and improve physical endurance.

  Researchers say that overweight and excessive drinking are the two main causes of fatty liver, and there is no effective drug to treat fatty liver at present. This new study shows that eating more green leafy vegetables and increasing nitrate intake can help reduce fat accumulation in the liver and reduce the risk of fatty liver, heart disease and diabetes.