(October 27th, 2016, Cupertino, California)-Apple today launched the slimmest and lightest MacBook Pro? to date, and brought innovative interface design. A colorful multi-touch display panel with Retina? quality replaced the function keys on the previous keyboard, which is the brand-new Multi-Touch Bar?. The new generation MacBook Pro is equipped with Apple’s brightest and most colorful Retina display, a safe and convenient Touch ID?, a more responsive keyboard, a larger Force Touch trackpad, and an audio system with double dynamic range. It is also the most powerful MacBook Pro ever: it uses the sixth-generation quad-core and dual-core processors, and its graphics processing performance is up to 2.3 times that of the previous model, and it has an extremely high-speed solid-state drive and up to four Thunderbolt 3 ports.
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The Multi-Touch Bar makes all kinds of control options at your fingertips, and can adjust the displayed options according to the usage scenarios when users use the system or email, Finder?, Calendar, Numbers?, GarageBand?, Final Cut Pro? X and other third-party apps. For example, the Multi-Touch Bar can display tabs and personal favorites when using Safari?, make it easy for users to access emoticons when using information apps, and provide an easy way to edit photos or slide through videos when using photo apps.
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"This week marks the 25th anniversary of the birth of Apple’s first laptop; Over the years, each generation of our laptops has brought innovative technologies and functions to people, and this new generation of MacBook Pro is our biggest leap to date. " Philip Schiller, Apple’s senior vice president of global marketing, said, "The groundbreaking new Multi-Touch Bar, convenient Touch ID, the best Mac display so far, powerful performance, better audio system, fast storage device and Thunderbolt 3 connection system are integrated into such a slim and lightweight body, making the new generation MacBook Pro our most advanced notebook computer so far."
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The thinnest and lightest MacBook Pro to date.
Based on the groundbreaking MacBook, the new generation MacBook Pro adopts a brand-new body design and all-metal integrated structure, which makes this notebook computer not only extremely sturdy, but also extremely slim and lightweight. The 13-inch MacBook Pro is as thin as 14.9 mm, 17% thinner than the previous model, 23% smaller, and nearly half a catty lighter, weighing only 1.37 kg. The new generation of 15-inch MacBook Pro is as thin as 15.5 mm, 14% thinner than the previous model, 20% smaller, and nearly half a catty lighter, weighing only 1.83 kg.
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Touch ID login Mac
The new generation of MacBook Pro integrates an excellent function that people are familiar with and love on iPhone? and iPad? in the power button, that is, the safe and convenient Touch ID. Now, as long as you enter your fingerprint in the Touch ID on the MacBook Pro, you can quickly unlock and switch users with a touch of your fingertips. Touch ID can read your fingerprint quickly and accurately, and use complex and advanced algorithms to identify the fingerprint, and then match it with the Secure Element in the new Apple T1 chip.
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Apple’s brightest and most colorful notebook display to date.
This time, we brought the best Mac display screen so far, presenting more vivid images, richer details and more realistic pictures. The Retina display of the new generation MacBook Pro is only 0.88 mm thick, which is as slim as the MacBook display, but its brightness reaches 500 nits, which is 67% higher than that of the previous generation, and the contrast is also improved by 67%. Moreover, it is the first Mac notebook display that supports a wide color gamut. In addition, due to the adoption of various energy-saving technologies, such as larger pixel aperture, variable refresh rate and more efficient and energy-saving LED, the energy consumption of this display screen is reduced by as much as 30%.
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The most powerful MacBook Pro to date
Thanks to powerful processors, excellent graphics processors, fast solid-state drives, high-speed memory and advanced heat dissipation architecture, we have achieved amazing professional performance in a slimmer body than ever before. The 6th generation dual-core Intel Core i5 processor with eDRAM, dual-core Intel Core i7 processor with eDRAM, and quad-core Intel Core i7 processor can bring professional processing performance and save energy consumption. The new generation of 15-inch MacBook Pro is equipped with a powerful Radeon Pro independent graphics processor, and its graphics processing speed can reach up to 2.3 times that of the previous model; The 13-inch MacBook Pro is equipped with an Intel Iris Graphics graphics processor, which can process graphics at twice the speed as before. All models are equipped with solid-state hard disks with sequential reading speed exceeding 3Gbps, and Thunderbolt 3 port, which integrates data transmission, charging function and double video bandwidth, so that users can drive 5K display screen with only one cable and charge MacBook Pro.
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The new MacBook Pro is also equipped with:

• Force Touch trackpad with significantly increased size: 46% larger than before on the 13-inch MacBook Pro and twice as large as before on the 15-inch MacBook Pro;
• The keyboard with the second-generation butterfly structure brings fast response speed and comfortable input experience;
• Louder and more realistic sound quality is brought by speakers with double dynamic range and enhanced bass;
• MacOS? Sierra, an advanced computer operating system, brings many new functions, such as Siri? integration, universal clipboard and so on, as well as excellent photo app to help you regain meaningful memories, organize your photo gallery and beautify your photos like a professional.

Price and release time

• The 13-inch MacBook Pro is equipped with a 2.0 GHz dual-core Intel Core i5 processor (Turbo Boost up to 3.1 GHz), 8GB of memory and 256GB of flash memory. The starting price is RMB 11,488, and delivery will begin on the same day.
• The 13-inch MacBook Pro is equipped with groundbreaking Multi-Touch Bar and Touch ID, 2.9 GHz dual-core Intel Core i5 processor (Turbo Boost up to 3.3 GHz), 8GB of memory and 256GB of flash memory. The starting price is RMB 13,888, and it will be shipped in two to three weeks.
• The 15-inch MacBook Pro is equipped with groundbreaking Multi-Touch Bar and Touch ID, 2.6 GHz quad-core Intel Core i7 processor (Turbo Boost up to 3.5 GHz), 16GB of memory and 256GB of flash memory. The starting price is RMB 18,488, and it will be shipped in two to three weeks.
• For information about other technical specifications, make-to-order configuration options and accessories, please visit apple.com/cn/macbook-pro..

Apple introduced Macintosh in 1984, which brought great changes to personal technology. Today, Apple leads global innovation with iPhone, iPad, Mac, Apple Watch and Apple TV. Apple’s four software platforms, iOS, macOS, watchOS and tvOS, bring a smooth experience between all Apple devices, and at the same time give people greater capabilities with breakthrough services such as App Store, Apple Music, Apple Pay and iCloud. Apple’s 100,000 employees are committed to building the world’s top products and making the world a better place.

　　The three A-share indexes collectively pulled back in early trading. As of midday, the Shanghai Composite Index fell by 1.19%, the Shenzhen Component Index fell by 1.24%, the Beizheng 50 index fell by 0.22%, and the Growth Enterprise Market Index fell by 1.23%. Half-day turnover in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets was 466.9 billion yuan. Individual stocks fell more and rose less. More than 4,000 stocks in the two cities fell, and northbound funds sold 10.054 billion yuan in half a day.

　　On the theme of the sector, diet pills, pharmaceutical business and CRO concepts were among the top gainers, while securities and gas sectors were among the top losers.

　　On the disk, the concept of diet pills led the rise, with Shengnuo Bio rising by over 18% and () rising by over 9%. The pharmaceutical business was among the top gainers, with () and () both trading daily. Brokerage stocks led the decline, (), () once fell. The gas sector was among the top losers, with () and () falling more than 5%.

　　Plate analysis:

　　Straight flush hot stock list:

　　Transaction review:

　　At 09: 25, the A-share market opened, the Shanghai Composite Index opened flat, the Shenzhen Component Index opened 0.10% higher, and the Growth Enterprise Market Index opened 0.10% higher. The concepts of securities and diet pills were among the top losers.

　　At 09:27, the securities sector started to fall, () fell more than 7%, and Hongta Securities, Pacific, () and Jinlong shares followed suit.

　　At 09:29, the opening of real estate development was active. Shenzhen Zhenye A and () had daily limit, () rose by over 5%, and (), () and () rose one after another.

　　At 09:33, the concept of superconductivity rose, () rose by more than 5%, and (), (), () and () followed suit.

　　At 09:35, the pharmaceutical business strengthened in early trading, and the daily limit of Sili Medical went out of four consecutive boards, () rose by more than 4%, and (), () and () followed suit.

　　At 09:37, the concept of diet pills changed, and Shengnuo Bio rose by over 12%, followed by (), (), () and ().

　　09:39 Hua Hong Semiconductor fell 8.10%. According to the announcement, the company’s sales revenue in the second quarter reached 631.4 million US dollars, up 1.7% year-on-year, which was flat from the previous month. The profit attributable to owners of the parent company was $78.5 million, down 6.4% year-on-year, compared with $152.2 million in the last quarter.

　　At 09:41, the tourist plate of scenic spots moved up, () went up, and Emei Mountain A, Zhangjiajie, () and () followed up.

　　At 09:43, the media and game sectors strengthened in intraday trading, () rose by over 6%, () rose by over 5%, and (), () and () followed suit.

　　At 09:45, the gas sector changed and fell, and Chengdu Gas fell by nearly 5%. (), () and Xinao shares fell by more than 4%, and () and () followed suit.

　　At 09:48, Country Garden fell more than 10%. In the news, the company expected a net loss of about 45 billion yuan to 55 billion yuan in the first half of the year, and the company’s management promised to do its best to save itself.

　　At 09:55, the main contract of lithium carbonate hit a new low, reporting 208,400 yuan/ton, down 2.8%.

　　At 10:11, the agricultural sector oscillated lower, () fell by more than 5%, () fell by more than 4%, and (), () and Qiule Seed Industry followed suit.

　　At 10:21, the traditional Chinese medicine sector rose, () rose by more than 7%, and (), (), () and () followed suit.

　　At 10:25, FTSE China A50 index futures fell more than 1%.

　　At 10:32, the concept of reducer was changed and pulled up, () daily limit, (), (), (), () and so on followed up.

　　At 10:33, the Hang Seng Technology Index fell more than 2%, the Hang Seng Index fell 0.7%, and only Alibaba rose among the constituent stocks of the branch index.

　　At 10:41, the securities sector continued to fall, Hongta Securities and Jinlong shares both fell, Capital Securities fell more than 9%, and Cinda Securities and Pacific followed suit.

　　At 10:44, the three major indexes all fell more than 1%, the Shanghai Composite Index fell 1.05%, the Shenzhen Component Index fell 1.13%, the Growth Enterprise Market Index fell 1.03%, and more than 3,700 stocks in the two cities fell. Diet pills and pharmaceutical businesses were among the top gainers, while the securities and gas sectors were among the top losers.

　　At 11:00, FTSE China A50 index futures fell more than 2%.

　　News:

　　1. People’s Daily: Building the communication "base" of digital economy.

　　The People’s Daily published a commentary saying that in order to seize the commanding heights of future development, it is necessary to wait for no one, to make the application of 5G deeper, wider and more refined, and to give birth to more innovations in the format. From the perspective of 5G coverage, it is necessary to continue to consolidate the network foundation, accelerate the construction and deployment of 5G networks and Gigabit optical networks, continuously improve the coverage level of 5G networks in rural and remote areas, and provide better and better telecommunications universal services; From the perspective of the evolution of 5G technology, it is also necessary to accelerate the innovation of core technologies, strengthen the research and development of 5G enhancement technologies, accelerate the development of technologies and industries such as millimeter waves, lightweight modules and high-precision positioning, actively explore the potential key technologies of 6G, and form a number of landmark achievements; From the perspective of empowering the real economy, it is also necessary to deepen the integrated application, accelerate the development and upgrading of "5G+ Industrial Internet", deepen the integrated application in key areas such as mining and electric power, explore innovative applications in potential areas such as agriculture and cultural tourism, and promote the integration of information and communication technologies with the real economy.

　　2. Evergrande Real Estate suffered a net loss of 52.7 billion yuan last year, with current liabilities of 1.6 trillion yuan.

　　On the evening of August 10th, Evergrande Real Estate Group Co., Ltd. issued several reports, including the 2022 annual bond report, the 2022 semi-annual bond report and the 2021 annual bond report, as well as the 2022 and 2021 annual audit reports and the 2022 semi-annual financial report of Evergrande Real Estate. According to the financial report data, the net loss of Evergrande Real Estate in 2022 was RMB 52.72 billion. As of December 31, 2022, the total current liabilities were RMB 1,678.747 billion, while the total monetary funds of the company (including cash and cash equivalents and restricted funds) were RMB 9.173 billion. The company’s total liabilities are 1,833.819 billion yuan and total assets are 1,468.557 billion yuan.

　　3. Country Garden has prepared for debt restructuring and recently started relevant procedures.

　　According to CBN, an institutional source told reporters that Country Garden is already preparing for debt restructuring and is expected to start relevant procedures in the near future. The company has hired CICC as a financial consultant to lead the restructuring.

　　4. CITIC Securities: It is expected that the new shares will be expanded in an orderly manner in the market outlook, and the registration system has limited impact on liquidity.

　　Citic Securities said that looking forward to the market outlook, it is expected that the new shares will be expanded in an orderly manner, and the registration system will have limited impact on liquidity. Liquidity differentiation and delisting normalization will help A-shares achieve survival of the fittest; When new shares return to market pricing, the initial fluctuation of IPO will gradually decrease; The IPO structure will better reflect the development direction of the real economy and the latest supply in the primary market, which will benefit the financing of technology companies such as specialization and innovation; The supply of refinancing projects has increased, and the discount rate of fixed bidding is expected to remain at 10-15%, and the center of fixed pricing discount rate is expected to move up.

　　5. Chengdu Provident Fund may pay the rent directly on a monthly basis.

　　According to the official micro-news released by Chengdu, recently, the Chengdu Housing Provident Fund Management Center issued a notice for public consultation on the "Regulations on the Administration of Direct Monthly Rent Payment from Housing Provident Fund (Draft for Comment)". Among them, it is intended to be clear that if the depositor rents enterprises in the administrative area of Chengdu to centrally operate affordable rental housing that is open to the public, and the operating enterprises have signed a cooperation agreement with Chengdu Provident Fund Center, they can sign the "Chengdu Housing Provident Fund Management Center Extraction Housing Provident Fund Monthly Direct Rent Payment Service Agreement" with Chengdu Provident Fund Center to authorize the monthly direct rent payment business. After the Agreement comes into effect, the depositor authorizes Chengdu Provident Fund Center to automatically transfer the withdrawal amount to the account designated by the operating enterprise on the agreed withdrawal date every month.

　　6. Extreme Krypton car: From now until the end of the year, the limited-time price of Extreme Krypton 001 will drop by up to 37,000 yuan.

　　On August 11th, Extreme Krypton Automobile launched the latest limited-time price rights policy of Extreme Krypton 001. From now until the end of the year, new users can enjoy a limited-time reduction of 30,000-37,000 yuan.

　　China Xintongyuan: In June 2023, the domestic market shipped 22.149 million mobile phones, down 20.9% year-on-year, of which 17.322 million were 5G mobile phones, down 24.8% year-on-year, accounting for 78.2% of the mobile phone shipments in the same period. From January to June, the total shipments of mobile phones in the domestic market totaled 130 million units, down 4.8% year-on-year, among which, the shipments of 5G mobile phones were 102 million units, down 6.4% year-on-year, accounting for 78.9% of the mobile phone shipments in the same period.

　　7. the State Council Security Committee: comprehensively investigate and rectify the hidden dangers of the whole chain of urban gas.

　　The the State Council Municipal Committee of Work Safety issued the "National Work Plan for Special Renovation of Town Gas Safety". It is mentioned in the work plan that it will take about three months to carry out centralized attack, comprehensively investigate and rectify the hidden dangers of the whole chain of urban gas, establish a rectification account, and effectively eliminate the outstanding risks of gas safety in crowded places such as catering enterprises; It will take about half a year to consolidate and improve the effectiveness of concentrated attack, organize a "look back", comprehensively complete the rectification of identified risk hazards, and build a dual prevention mechanism for gas risk management and control and hidden danger investigation and management; By the end of 2025, establish a gas safety management mechanism that is strict, strict and severely punished, improve the relevant laws and regulations and standards system, enhance the level of intrinsic safety, lay a solid foundation for gas safety management, and basically establish a long-term mechanism for gas safety management.

　　8. Yang Huiyan withdrew from the chairman of a company under Country Garden.

　　Enterprise search APP shows that recently, the industrial and commercial changes occurred in Country Garden Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. in Gaoming District, Foshan City, and Yang Huiyan stepped down as the chairman; Bu Dehua no longer serves as general manager and director, and Yu Peiling no longer serves as supervisor; Li Shihua’s position was changed from deputy general manager and director to manager. Foshan Gaoming Country Garden Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. was established in January 2004 with a registered capital of 1.163 billion yuan, which is wholly owned by ANGEL VIEW INTERNATIONNAL LIMITED. Enterprise investigation shows that Yang Huiyan has stepped down as the chairman of Zengcheng Country Garden Property Development Co., Ltd..

Recently, according to relevant reports, Xiaomi has comprehensively reformed its ecological chain model and launched a new organizational change measure called "SAN hierarchical management strategy". This strategy aims to divide many ecological chain categories through three classification logics: S, A and N. Under the implementation of this strategy, class S products will become one of the core ecological chain categories in the future, including speakers, routers, door locks and cameras.

Prior to this, Xiaomi’s IoT business was divided into seven sub-divisions according to product categories: intelligent connection, cleaning appliances, IoT products, kitchen and bathroom appliances, healthy travel, digital consumption and environmental appliances. However, in this reform, these business divisions have been reduced to three: S-level, A-level and N-level. Among them, the S-class represents the categories that may reach the market scale of 5-10 billion yuan in the future, and they will be jointly responsible by Xiaomi Eco-chain Company and its partners; Grade A represents categories that may exceed 1 billion yuan in the future, such as air fryers, rice cookers, water purifiers and kitchen utensils. These products operate in the same way as before, but there will be no major adjustments; The N-level represents products with a scale of less than 1 billion yuan in the future. Xiaomi will focus on quality and relax the control over pricing system and project standards, so that eco-chain companies can have more autonomy.

The core goal of this reform is to achieve "heavy weight, light weight", that is, to give priority to those products with great market potential in the product line, and at the same time to relax the control of those products with small scale and limited potential. This is undoubtedly an important adjustment and optimization of the Xiaomi ecological chain model.

　　(On July 5th, 1994, the 8th meeting of the 8th the NPC Standing Committee passed the first amendment according to the Decision on Amending the Urban Real Estate Management Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) of the 29th meeting of the 10th the NPC Standing Committee on August 30th, 2007, and the second amendment according to the Decision on Amending Some Laws of the 10th meeting of the 11th the NPC Standing Committee on August 27th, 2009. The amendment is based on the Decision on Amending the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Urban Real Estate Administration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) at the 12th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee on August 26th, 2019).

　　Catalogue

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Land for Real Estate Development

　　Section 1 Transfer of Land Use Rights

　　Section 2 Allocation of Land Use Rights

　　Chapter III Real Estate Development

　　Chapter IV Real Estate Transactions

　　Section 1 General Provisions

　　Section 2 Transfer of Real Estate

　　Section 3 Real Estate Mortgage

　　Section 4 Housing Lease

　　Section 5 Intermediary service institutions

　　Chapter V Registration Management of Real Estate Ownership

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated with a view to strengthening the management of urban real estate, maintaining the order of the real estate market, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of real estate owners and promoting the healthy development of the real estate industry.

　　Article 2 This Law shall be observed in obtaining the land use right of real estate development land, engaging in real estate development, real estate transaction and real estate management within the state-owned land in People’s Republic of China (PRC) urban planning area (hereinafter referred to as state-owned land).

　　The term "houses" as mentioned in this Law refers to buildings and structures such as houses on land.

　　The term "real estate development" as mentioned in this Law refers to the construction of infrastructure and houses on the land that has obtained the right to use state-owned land according to this Law.

　　Real estate transactions mentioned in this Law include real estate transfer, real estate mortgage and house lease.

　　Article 3 The state practices a system of paid and limited use of state-owned land according to law. However, unless the state allocates the right to use state-owned land within the scope prescribed by this law.

　　Article 4 The state shall, according to the level of social and economic development, support the development of residential buildings and gradually improve the living conditions of residents.

　　Fifth real estate owners should abide by laws and administrative regulations and pay taxes according to law. The legitimate rights and interests of real estate owners are protected by law, and no unit or individual may infringe upon them.

　　Article 6 In order to meet the needs of public interests, the state may expropriate the houses of units and individuals on state-owned land, and give compensation for demolition according to law, so as to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the expropriated person; Where individual houses are expropriated, the living conditions of the expropriated person shall also be guaranteed. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Seventh the State Council construction administrative departments and land management departments shall, in accordance with the division of functions and powers stipulated by the State Council, carry out their duties and cooperate closely to manage the national real estate work.

　　The establishment of the real estate management and land management departments of local people’s governments at or above the county level and their functions and powers shall be determined by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　Chapter II Land for Real Estate Development

　　Section 1 Transfer of Land Use Rights

　　Article 8 Transfer of land use right refers to the act that the state transfers the state-owned land use right (hereinafter referred to as land use right) to land users within a certain period of time, and the land users pay the land use right transfer fee to the state.

　　Article 9 The right to use the collectively-owned land in a planned urban area can only be transferred with compensation after it has been expropriated and turned into state-owned land according to law, except as otherwise provided by law.

　　Article 10 The assignment of land use rights must conform to the overall land use planning, urban planning and annual construction land plan.

　　Article 11 Where a local people’s government at or above the county level transfers the land use right for real estate development, it shall draw up an annual plan for transferring the total area of land use right according to the control indicators issued by the people’s government at or above the provincial level, and submit it to the State Council or the provincial people’s government for approval in accordance with the provisions of the State Council.

　　Twelfth land use rights transfer, by the city and county people’s government in a planned and step-by-step manner. The land management department of the people’s government of the city or county shall, jointly with the urban planning, construction and real estate management departments, draw up a plan for each plot, use, life and other conditions, and implement it after being approved by the people’s government with the right of approval in accordance with the provisions of the State Council.

　　The exercise of the powers prescribed in the preceding paragraph by the county people’s governments of municipalities directly under the Central Government and their relevant departments shall be prescribed by the people’s governments of municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　Thirteenth transfer of land use rights, can take the form of auction, bidding or mutual agreement.

　　Commercial, tourism, entertainment and luxury residential land, conditional, must be taken by auction and tender; If auction or tender cannot be adopted without conditions, it can be agreed by both parties.

　　The transfer fee for transferring the land use right by mutual agreement shall not be lower than the lowest price determined by the state.

　　Article 14 The maximum term of assignment of land use rights shall be stipulated by the State Council.

　　Fifteenth transfer of land use rights, a written transfer contract shall be signed.

　　The land use right transfer contract is signed by the land management department of the people’s government of the city or county and the land user.

　　Sixteenth land users must pay the transfer fee for land use rights in accordance with the transfer contract; Failing to pay the transfer fee for the land use right as agreed in the transfer contract, the land management department has the right to terminate the contract and may request compensation for breach of contract.

　　Seventeenth land users in accordance with the transfer contract to pay the transfer fee of land use rights, the land management department of the people’s government of the city or county must provide the land sold in accordance with the transfer contract; If the leased land is not provided in accordance with the transfer contract, the land user has the right to terminate the contract, and the land management department will return the land use right transfer fee, and the land user may also request compensation for breach of contract.

　　Article 18 If a land user needs to change the land use agreed in the land use right transfer contract, he must obtain the consent of the transferor and the competent department of urban planning administration of the municipal or county people’s government, sign an agreement on the change of the land use right transfer contract or re-sign the land use right transfer contract, and adjust the land use right transfer fee accordingly.

　　Nineteenth land use rights transfer fees should be turned over to the finance, included in the budget, for urban infrastructure construction and land development. The specific measures for the payment and use of land use right transfer fees shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Article 20 The state shall not take back the land use right legally obtained by land users before the expiration of the service life stipulated in the transfer contract; Under special circumstances, according to the needs of social public interests, it can be recovered in advance in accordance with legal procedures, and corresponding compensation can be given according to the actual years of land use and the actual situation of land development by land users.

　　Twenty-first land use rights shall be terminated due to the loss of land.

　　Twenty-second land use rights transfer contract expires, the land users need to continue to use the land, should apply for renewal at the latest one year before the expiration, except for the need to recover the land according to social and public interests, it should be approved. If the renewal is approved, the land use right transfer contract shall be re-signed and the land use right transfer fee shall be paid in accordance with the regulations.

　　The land use right transfer contract expires, and the land user fails to apply for renewal, or if the application for renewal is not approved in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the land use right shall be recovered by the state free of charge.

　　Section 2 Allocation of Land Use Rights

　　Article 23 The allocation of land use right refers to the act that the people’s government at or above the county level approves the land user to use it after paying compensation, resettlement and other expenses, or the land use right is delivered to the land user for free.

　　Unless otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations, there is no restriction on the term of use if the land use right is obtained by allocation in accordance with the provisions of this Law.

　　Twenty-fourth the following construction land use rights, which are really necessary, can be approved by the people’s governments at or above the county level according to law:

　　(a) land for state organs and military use;

　　(2) Land for urban infrastructure and public welfare undertakings;

　　(3) Land for energy, transportation, water conservancy and other projects supported by the state;

　　(four) other land as prescribed by laws and administrative regulations.

　　Chapter III Real Estate Development

　　Twenty-fifth real estate development must strictly implement urban planning, and implement comprehensive planning, rational layout, comprehensive development and supporting construction in accordance with the principle of unity of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits.

　　Twenty-sixth to obtain land use rights for real estate development by means of transfer, the land must be developed in accordance with the land use and the development period agreed in the land use right transfer contract. If the development has not started for one year beyond the date agreed in the transfer contract, a land idle fee equivalent to less than 20% of the transfer fee for land use rights may be levied; If the development has not started for two years, the land use right can be recovered free of charge; However, unless the commencement of development is delayed due to force majeure or the actions of the government and relevant government departments or the preliminary work necessary for the commencement of development.

　　Article 27 The design and construction of real estate development projects must conform to the relevant national standards and norms.

　　Real estate development projects can only be delivered after they are completed and accepted.

　　Article 28 Land use rights obtained according to law may be invested in shares at a fixed price for joint venture and cooperation in the development and operation of real estate in accordance with this Law and relevant laws and administrative regulations.

　　Article 29 The State shall adopt preferential measures such as taxation to encourage and support real estate development enterprises to develop and build residential houses.

　　Thirtieth real estate development enterprises are enterprises engaged in real estate development and management for the purpose of making profits. The establishment of a real estate development enterprise shall meet the following conditions:

　　(1) Having its own name and organization;

　　(2) Having a fixed business place;

　　(3) Having a registered capital meeting the requirements of the State Council;

　　(four) there are enough professional and technical personnel;

　　(5) Other conditions stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

　　The establishment of a real estate development enterprise shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration of establishment. The administrative department for industry and commerce shall register and issue a business license to those who meet the requirements stipulated in this law; Those who do not meet the requirements stipulated in this law shall not be registered.

　　Where a limited liability company or a joint stock limited company is established to engage in real estate development and operation, the relevant provisions of the Company Law shall also be implemented.

　　A real estate development enterprise shall, within one month after receiving its business license, go to the department designated by the local people’s government at or above the county level where the registration authority is located for the record.

　　Thirty-first real estate development enterprises registered capital and total investment ratio shall comply with the relevant provisions of the state.

　　If a real estate development enterprise develops real estate by stages, the amount of investment by stages shall be commensurate with the scale of the project, and in accordance with the stipulations of the land use right transfer contract, it shall invest funds on schedule for the project construction.

　　Chapter IV Real Estate Transactions

　　Section 1 General Provisions

　　Article 32 When real estate is transferred or mortgaged, the ownership of the house and the land use right within the occupied area of the house shall be transferred and mortgaged at the same time.

　　Thirty-third benchmark land price, demarcation land price and the replacement price of all kinds of houses shall be determined and published regularly. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Article 34 The State practices a real estate price appraisal system.

　　The evaluation of real estate price should follow the principles of justice, fairness and openness, and be based on the benchmark land price, the calibrated land price and the replacement price of various houses with reference to the local market price in accordance with the technical standards and evaluation procedures stipulated by the state.

　　Article 35 The State implements the system of declaring the transaction price of real estate.

　　When transferring real estate, the owner of real estate shall truthfully declare the transaction price to the department specified by the local people’s government at or above the county level, and shall not conceal or make false declaration.

　　Article 36 When transferring or mortgaging real estate, the parties concerned shall register the ownership in accordance with the provisions of Chapter V of this Law.

　　Section 2 Transfer of Real Estate

　　Article 37 The transfer of real estate refers to the act that the owner of real estate transfers his real estate to others through sale, gift or other legal means.

　　Article 38 The following real estates may not be transferred:

　　(a) the land use right is obtained by means of transfer, which does not meet the conditions stipulated in Article 39 of this Law;

　　(two) the judicial organs and administrative organs have ruled or decided to seal up or restrict the real estate rights in other forms according to law;

　　(three) to recover the land use right according to law;

　　(four) a total of real estate, without the written consent of other co-owners;

　　(five) the ownership is controversial;

　　(six) failing to register and obtain the ownership certificate according to law;

　　(seven) other circumstances in which the transfer is prohibited by laws and administrative regulations.

　　Thirty-ninth to obtain land use rights by way of transfer, the transfer of real estate, shall meet the following conditions:

　　(a) according to the transfer contract, all the land use right transfer fees have been paid, and the land use right certificate has been obtained;

　　(two) in accordance with the transfer contract agreed to invest in development, which belongs to housing construction projects, more than 25% of the total investment in development, which belongs to the development of land in pieces, forming industrial land or other construction land conditions.

　　If the house has been built when the real estate is transferred, it shall also hold the house ownership certificate.

　　Fortieth, if the land use right is obtained by allocation, the transfer of real estate shall be reported to the people’s government with the right of approval for examination and approval in accordance with the provisions of the State Council. If the people’s government with the approval authority approves the transfer, the transferee shall go through the formalities for transferring the land use right and pay the transfer fee for the land use right in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

　　If the land use right is obtained by means of allocation, and the people’s government with the right of approval decides not to go through the formalities of transferring the land use right when the real estate is transferred for approval, the transferor shall turn over the land proceeds from the transfer of real estate to the state or make other treatments in accordance with the provisions of the State Council.

　　Forty-first real estate transfer, a written transfer contract shall be signed, and the contract shall specify the way to obtain the land use right.

　　Forty-second when the real estate is transferred, the rights and obligations specified in the land use right transfer contract will be transferred accordingly.

　　Article 43 If the land use right is obtained by means of transfer, after the transfer of real estate, the service life of the land use right shall be the remaining service life after deducting the service life agreed in the original land use right transfer contract from the service life of the original land user.

　　Article 44 If the land use right is obtained by transfer, and the transferee changes the land use agreed in the original land use right transfer contract after the transfer of real estate, it must obtain the consent of the original transferor and the competent department of urban planning administration of the people’s government of the city or county, sign an agreement on the change of the land use right transfer contract or re-sign the land use right transfer contract, and adjust the land use right transfer fee accordingly.

　　Article 45 The pre-sale of commercial housing shall meet the following conditions:

　　(a) has paid all the land use right transfer fees and obtained the land use right certificate;

　　(2) Holding a construction project planning permit;

　　(three) according to the pre-sale of commercial housing, the investment in development and construction has reached more than 25% of the total investment in engineering construction, and the construction progress and completion delivery date have been determined;

　　(four) to handle the pre-sale registration with the real estate management department of the people’s government at or above the county level, and obtain the pre-sale permit certificate of commercial housing.

　　The pre-sale of commercial housing shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, report the pre-sale contract to the real estate management department and land management department of the people’s government at or above the county level for registration.

　　The proceeds from the pre-sale of commercial housing must be used for related engineering construction.

　　Forty-sixth commercial housing pre-sale, commercial housing pre-buyers will buy unfinished pre-sale commercial housing re-transfer, by the the State Council.

　　Section 3 Real Estate Mortgage

　　Article 47 The mortgage of real estate refers to the act that the mortgagor provides the mortgagee with the debt performance guarantee with his legal real estate without transferring possession. When the debtor fails to perform his debts, the mortgagee has the right to be paid in priority with the proceeds from the auction of mortgaged real estate according to law.

　　Article 48 A legally acquired house ownership together with the land use right within the occupied area of the house may be mortgaged.

　　The right to use the land obtained by means of transfer may be mortgaged.

　　Forty-ninth real estate mortgage shall be handled with the certificate of land use right and the certificate of house ownership.

　　Fiftieth real estate mortgage, the mortgagor and the mortgagee shall sign a written mortgage contract.

　　Article 51 The right to use the land for mortgage of real estate is obtained by allocation. After auctioning the real estate according to law, the mortgagee shall be paid the amount equivalent to the payable land use right transfer fee from the auction price.

　　Fifty-second after the signing of the real estate mortgage contract, the new houses on the land do not belong to the mortgaged property. When the mortgaged real estate needs to be auctioned, the newly-added houses on the land can be auctioned together with the mortgaged property according to law, but the mortgagee has no right to be compensated in priority for the income from the auction of newly-added houses.

　　Section 4 Housing Lease

　　Article 53 Lease of a house refers to the act that the owner of the house, as the lessor, rents his house to the lessee for use, and the lessee pays the rent to the lessor.

　　Article 54 For house leasing, the lessor and the lessee shall sign a written lease contract, stipulating the lease term, lease purpose, lease price, repair responsibility, and other rights and obligations of both parties, and register with the real estate management department for the record.

　　Article 55 The lease of residential houses shall be subject to the lease policy stipulated by the state and the people’s government of the city where the houses are located. Rental housing engaged in production and business activities, the rental and other lease terms agreed by both parties.

　　Article 56 For the purpose of making profits, if the house owner rents out the house built on the state-owned land that has obtained the right to use by allocation, he shall turn over the land income contained in the rent to the state. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Section 5 Intermediary service institutions

　　Fifty-seventh real estate intermediary service agencies include real estate consulting agencies, real estate price assessment agencies, real estate brokerage agencies and so on.

　　Article 58 A real estate intermediary service institution shall meet the following conditions:

　　(1) Having its own name and organization;

　　(2) Having a fixed service place;

　　(3) Having necessary property and funds;

　　(4) Having a sufficient number of professionals;

　　(5) Other conditions stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

　　The establishment of a real estate intermediary service institution shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration of establishment and obtain a business license before it can start business.

　　Article 59 The State practices the qualification certification system for real estate appraisers.

　　Chapter V Registration Management of Real Estate Ownership

　　Article 60 The state practices a system of registration and certification of land use rights and house ownership.

　　Article 61 To obtain the land use right by transfer or allocation, an application for registration shall be made to the land administration department of the local people’s government at or above the county level. After verification by the land administration department of the local people’s government at or above the county level, the land use right certificate shall be issued by the people’s government at the same level.

　　If a house is built on the land for real estate development obtained according to law, it shall apply for registration to the real estate management department of the local people’s government at or above the county level with the certificate of land use right, and the real estate management department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall verify and issue the certificate of ownership of the house.

　　When real estate is transferred or changed, it shall apply to the real estate management department of the local people’s government at or above the county level for registration of change of real estate, and apply to the land management department of the people’s government at the same level for registration of change of land use right on the basis of the changed house ownership certificate. After verification by the land management department of the people’s government at the same level, the people’s government at the same level shall replace or change the land use right certificate.

　　If it is otherwise provided by law, it shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws.

　　Article 62 When a real estate is mortgaged, it shall be registered with the department specified by the local people’s government at or above the county level.

　　Where the land use right and house ownership are obtained due to the disposal of mortgaged real estate, the transfer registration shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.

　　Article 63 Where it is determined by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government that the local people’s governments at or above the county level are in charge of real estate management and land management by one department, they may make and issue a unified real estate title certificate, and in accordance with the provisions of Article 61 of this Law, the confirmation and change of the ownership of the house and the land use right within the occupied area of the house shall be recorded in the real estate title certificate respectively.

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Article 64 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of Articles 11 and 12 of this Law, approves the assignment or assigns the land use right for real estate development without authorization shall be given administrative sanctions by the higher authorities or the unit to which he belongs.

　　Article 65 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of Article 30 of this Law, engages in real estate development business without obtaining a business license shall be ordered by the administrative department for industry and commerce of the people’s government at or above the county level to stop real estate development business, his illegal income shall be confiscated and he may also be fined.

　　Article 66 Where the right to use land is transferred in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 39 of this Law, the illegal income shall be confiscated by the land administration department of the people’s government at or above the county level, and a fine may also be imposed.

　　Article 67 Where a real estate is transferred in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 40 of this Law, the land administration department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to pay the leasing fee for the right to use the land, confiscate its illegal income and may concurrently impose a fine.

　　Article 68 Whoever presales a commercial house in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 45 of this Law shall be ordered by the real estate management department of the people’s government at or above the county level to stop the pre-sale activities, confiscate the illegal income and may also be fined.

　　Article 69 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of Article 58 of this Law, engages in real estate intermediary services without obtaining a business license shall be ordered by the administrative department for industry and commerce of the people’s government at or above the county level to stop the real estate intermediary services, his illegal income shall be confiscated and he may also be fined.

　　Article 70 If a real estate development enterprise is charged without the basis of laws and regulations, the higher authorities shall order it to return the money collected; If the circumstances are serious, the person directly responsible shall be given administrative sanctions by the higher authorities or the unit to which he belongs.

　　Seventy-first real estate management department, land management department staff dereliction of duty, abuse of power, which constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law; If it does not constitute a crime, it shall be given administrative sanctions.

　　If the staff of the real estate management department and the land management department take advantage of their positions to ask for other people’s property, or illegally accept other people’s property to seek benefits for others, which constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law; If it does not constitute a crime, it shall be given administrative sanctions.

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 72 Obtaining the land use right of real estate development land, engaging in real estate development and trading activities and implementing real estate management within the state-owned land outside the urban planning area shall be implemented with reference to this Law.

　　Article 73 This Law shall come into force as of January 1, 1995.

Zhongfu [2023] No.1

Torch Development Zone Management Committee, Cuiheng New District Management Committee, town governments, sub-district offices, and relevant municipal units:

　　The "Zhongshan City’s Policy of" Striving for Economy and Steady Growth "and benefiting enterprises in the New Year" is hereby printed and distributed to you, please follow it. Problems encountered in the implementation, please report to the Municipal Development and Reform Bureau.

Zhongshan Municipal People’s Government

January 20, 2023

Zhongshan City’s Policy of "Striving for Economy and Steady Growth" to Benefit Enterprises in the New Year

　　In order to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, we will go all out to "fight for economic growth and stabilize growth" and achieve a good start in economic development. The following policies are formulated.

　　First, the steady growth of strong industries

　　(1) Support manufacturing enterprises to increase production and increase efficiency. In the first quarter of 2023, the operating income of manufacturing enterprises increased by 10% or more year-on-year, and the income increased by 20 million yuan year-on-year, and the subsidy was 20,000 yuan. After that, the subsidy was 10,000 yuan for every 10 million yuan increase in income year-on-year, and the maximum subsidy for a single enterprise was 1 million yuan. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology)

　　(two) to promote the efficiency of service enterprises. If the business income of enterprises in key service industries in January-February 2023 increases by 10% or more year-on-year, and their income increases by 1 million yuan year-on-year, they will be rewarded with 20,000 yuan. After that, they will be rewarded with 10,000 yuan for every 1 million yuan increase in income year-on-year, and the highest reward for a single enterprise will be 300,000 yuan. (Responsible unit: Municipal Development and Reform Bureau)

　　(three) increase the support of wholesale and retail and accommodation catering enterprises. If the sales of wholesale enterprises above designated size (including self-employed, excluding automobile sales) increase by 10% or more in the first quarter of 2023, each additional 30 million yuan will be rewarded with 30,000 yuan, and the cumulative reward of a single enterprise will be up to 500,000 yuan. If the retail sales of retail enterprises above designated size (including self-employed, excluding automobile sales) increase by 10% or more in the first quarter of 2023, each additional 20 million yuan will be rewarded with 20,000 yuan, and the cumulative reward of a single enterprise will be up to 500,000 yuan. If the turnover of catering enterprises above designated size (including self-employed) increases by 10% or more in the first quarter of 2023 year-on-year, 10,000 yuan will be awarded for each additional 1 million yuan, and the cumulative reward for a single enterprise will be up to 500,000 yuan. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Commerce)

　　(4) Increase the support of automobile sales enterprises. If the sales of automobile sales enterprises above designated size increase by 10% or more in the first quarter of 2023, each additional 2 million yuan will be rewarded with 20,000 yuan, and a single enterprise will be rewarded with a maximum of 1 million yuan. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Commerce)

　　(5) Improve the level of financial services in the real economy. Accelerate the implementation of the phased interest rate reduction policy for Pratt & Whitney small and micro loans, and promote relevant banking institutions to reduce the interest rate of Pratt & Whitney small and micro loans (with normal interest) in the fourth quarter of 2022 by 1 percentage point (annualized) based on the original loan contract interest rate, so that enterprises can enjoy it without applying. Encourage banking institutions to increase credit supply, and take the new loans of banks in the first quarter of 2023 as a reference factor, and incorporate them into the comprehensive index system for government fund management entities such as the city’s social security fund to competitively choose funds to deposit in banks and implement fund deposit procedures. Set up a 400 million yuan enterprise lending fund pool to provide policy-based "bridge-crossing" funds for enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households that meet the conditions of bank loan renewal. (Responsible units: Municipal Finance Bureau, Zhongshan Central Branch of the People’s Bank of China)

　　Second, expand investment and increase kinetic energy action

　　(six) to encourage key projects to speed up the construction. For the projects included in the key construction project plan of our city in 2023, if the construction and installation quantities of more than 20 million yuan are completed in the first quarter of 2023, the credit of the general contractor and supervision unit will be given 10 points. (Responsible unit: Municipal Development and Reform Bureau)

　　(seven) to promote manufacturing enterprises to increase investment in technological transformation. For eligible technical transformation projects in our city in 2023, if the investment in technical transformation of enterprises in the first quarter of 2023 increases by 10% or more year-on-year, priority will be given to the award, and the highest award for a single project will be 20 million yuan. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology)

　　(8) Accelerate the installation of elevators in existing houses. Incorporate the installation of elevators into the improvement and upgrading of old residential areas in our city, further optimize the examination and approval items and links for the installation of elevators, simplify the procedures for applying for subsidies for the installation of elevators, and subsidize eligible elevators according to the standard of 100,000 yuan per elevator. (Responsible unit: Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau)

　　Iii. actions to stabilize foreign trade and expand markets

　　(9) Support enterprises to explore the market. For the exhibitors who participated in the catalogue of overseas exhibitions in 2023 in our city (the number of exhibitors in the same exhibition is not less than 10), the round-trip air ticket fee subsidy will be given, and the round-trip air ticket fee subsidy will not exceed 15,000 yuan per person, and the subsidy for each enterprise will not exceed 3 people, and it will not be higher than the total round-trip air ticket fee actually spent within the enterprise quota. Give subsidies to exhibition organizers and exhibitors who participate in the catalogue of overseas exhibitions in 2023 in our city. A single exhibition organizer will be given a subsidy of up to 100,000 yuan for organizing the exhibition, and 50% of the actual expenses of unified special equipment will be supported, and it will not exceed 200,000 yuan; Exhibitors will be given a maximum of 25,000 yuan per exhibition and no more than the actual booth fee, and 50% of the actual expenses for special installation will be supported and no more than 100,000 yuan. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Commerce)

　　(10) Encourage cross-border e-commerce import and export to improve quality and efficiency. Support enterprises in our city to expand overseas markets through cross-border e-commerce, and give up to 50% support to cross-border e-commerce enterprises for overseas warehouses, independent stations, brand building and other expenses, with each enterprise supporting up to 500,000 yuan. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Commerce)

　　Iv. actions to expand domestic demand and promote consumption

　　(eleven) to carry out the Spring Festival to promote consumption activities. In the first quarter of 2023, key catering and retail enterprises were organized to participate in the "Zhongshan Tesco Spring Festival" activity, and food and retail coupons were issued. Carry out Zhongshan products Spring Fair and online New Year Festival activities, and issue shopping vouchers. From the Spring Festival to the end of March, automobile consumption promotion activities will be carried out to stimulate the consumption potential of automobile upgrading. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Commerce)

　　(twelve) to carry out home appliance replacement activities. Support home appliance sales enterprises to carry out the "trade-in" activities of home appliances, and give up to 10% of eligible trade-in products, each of which does not exceed 600 yuan’s trade-in support, and each enterprise does not exceed 2 million yuan. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Commerce)

　　(thirteen) to promote the steady development of the real estate industry. Put promotional videos and posters on the main streaming TV channels and new media ports in Hong Kong, Hong Kong-Mainland customs clearance ports and local traffic stations in Hong Kong. Subsidies will be given to real estate enterprises, intermediaries and travel agencies that organize Hong Kong and Macao people to visit Zhongshan to see houses. (Responsible unit: Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, towns and streets)

　　(fourteen) to encourage travel agencies to organize tourists to travel to Zhongshan. In the first quarter of 2023, a team of more than 50 people will be organized to travel to our city for the night, and more than one (including one) paid scenic spot will be visited, and the travel agency will be rewarded according to the standard of 50 yuan per person per night for overnight visitors. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film and Television Tourism)

　　V. actions to stabilize jobs and promote employment

　　(fifteen) the implementation of the policy of reducing the rate and delaying the payment of social insurance premiums. From January to April 2023, we will continue to implement the policy of reducing unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance rates and floating unemployment insurance rates in stages; For difficult enterprises within the scope of the policy, the unit payment part of work-related injury and unemployment insurance can continue to apply for holdover until March 2023. (Responsible unit: Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau)

　　(sixteen) the issuance of new employees incentive subsidies. As of the end of February, 2023, enterprises with a return rate of more than 80% will be rewarded according to the 500 yuan/person standard if they recruit new employees (who are not registered in this city) and pay social insurance for employees who come to work in Zhongshan for the first time for more than three months in accordance with the law during the first quarter of 2023, with a maximum of 200,000 yuan for a single enterprise. (Responsible unit: Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau)

　　(seventeen) the payment of intermediary subsidies. In the first quarter of 2023, 10,000 new employees were introduced to the enterprises in our city through intermediary agencies. For every 50 employees sent to the enterprises in our city by operating human resources service agencies and labor dispatch agencies, they signed labor contracts and paid insurance premiums for more than 3 months, and gave the intermediary agencies a subsidy of 10,000 yuan, with a maximum subsidy of 100,000 yuan. (Responsible unit: Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau)

　　(eighteen) the payment of "peer-to-peer" employee car rental subsidies. Encourage key enterprises to organize "point-to-point" to pick up employees. Before February 15, 2023, enterprises will hire buses (more than 30 seats, with an attendance rate of 80%) to pick up employees from different provinces and cities, and those who meet the requirements will be subsidized by 50% of the charter fee, with a maximum of 100,000 yuan for a single enterprise. (Responsible unit: Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau)

　　China News Service, Chengdu, August 11th (He Shaoqing, Yang Jun) After the earthquake of magnitude 7.0 in Jiuzhaigou, the situation of major local projects has attracted much attention. The reporter learned from many sources on the 11th that major projects in Jiuzhaigou county and its vicinity, such as Chenglan Railway, Mianjiu Expressway and 15 reservoir hydropower stations, were basically unaffected by the earthquake.

　　It is understood that the Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway under construction starts from Chengdu and ends in Lanzhou, passing through Maoxian County and Jiuzhaigou in Aba Prefecture. Chenglan Railway Project Department in Songpan County is only 66 kilometers away from the epicenter of the earthquake. Li Peng, chairman of the labor union of Chenglan Railway Project Department of China Railway Second Bureau, told reporters that after the earthquake, Chenglan Project Department immediately inspected the construction site, and found no other disasters except a small crack in a tunnel.

　　After eliminating the hidden dangers of the project, the Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway Project Department set up an earthquake relief team, and the disaster relief personnel drove the engineering vehicle to the earthquake zone overnight. "At 2 am on the 9th, we arrived at the Intercontinental Hotel Jiuzhai Paradise, which was seriously affected. An hour later, we searched and rescued a trapped person, but there was no sign of life." Li Peng introduced that the aftershock at 18: 00 on the 10th caused the road dredged by the rescue team of Chenglan Project Department to collapse again. At present, the rescue team is still trying its best to dredge the road.

　　Mianjiu Expressway starts from Donglin Township, Mianyang City and ends in the south of Jiuzhaigou County. It is one of the major projects under construction in Jiuzhaigou earthquake zone. "The earthquake has no great impact on Mianjiu Expressway. At present, the main project under construction is Huangtuliang Tunnel, which has just started construction." The relevant person in charge of the Emergency Office of the Sichuan Provincial Communications Department introduced that after the earthquake, the Sichuan Provincial Communications Department issued a notice on the investigation of hidden dangers of projects under construction, and all the projects under construction were fine after investigation.

　　Forty-eight hours after the earthquake, some people said that the water level of the river rose, or the dam broke in Changhai. "These are misjudgments and rumors. In fact, in order to prevent aftershocks and secondary disasters, we took the initiative to release water from the upstream reservoir, causing the river to rise." The relevant person in charge of the propaganda department of Jiuzhaigou County Committee said.

　　According to the news of Aba Water Affairs Bureau, within 12 hours after the earthquake, relevant departments set up a hidden danger investigation team. Through the investigation of hidden dangers of water conservancy and hydropower projects, the flood control safety of 15 reservoir hydropower stations in Jiuzhaigou was reviewed one by one, and all the reservoir hydropower stations have been confirmed to be safe.

　　In addition, the Jiuzhaigou county government issued a notice saying that the relevant parties have closely monitored the water levels of the Haizi in Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area, and the water regime changes are under supervision.

　　"At present, after the first round of investigation, major projects have been confirmed to be safe. Of course, our emergency headquarters is still conducting a second round of investigation." The relevant person in charge of the Propaganda Department of Jiuzhaigou County Committee said. (End)

Original title of this article: "To invest in India, we must invest in the differences with China and find Shen Nanpeng and Xiong Xiaoge among Indians."

Original: Zhixiang. com

China Fund wants to find Xiong Xiaoge and Shen Nanpeng among Indians.

//This article is 5259 words in total, and it is expected to be read for 16 minutes//

From 1988 to 1991, Wu Shangzhi worked in India Bureau of the World Bank, mainly engaged in Indian loan projects. At that time, in 1993, Wu tried to raise funds to set up a fund-"the idea was naive", and invested in some projects but it seemed that they all lost.

At the end of last year, Wu Shangzhi went to India again, and after a lapse of 27 years, he caught up with his old Indian friends at the World Bank. At this time, Wu Shangzhi is already the "Lao Wu" among the young people, and his CDH investment has also become the first PE in China.

From China to the West, from Zhongguancun in Beijing to Coleman Galla in Bangalore, and going to sea in India are the new fashions in China’s capital circle. However, Wu Shangzhi’s team realized the potential of overseas markets earlier than their counterparts in China.

In Southeast Asia, when the travel giant Grab was valued at $2 billion, CDH entered the market. Today, the market value of Grab has exceeded $20 billion. In October 2015, Ying Wei, the managing partner of CDH Baifu, began to pay attention to Indian projects. This is even earlier than Alibaba’s investment in overseas flagship project-Indian payment company Paytm.

CDH Baifu is an asset management platform under CDH Investment. After two years of exploration, CDH Baifu began to be active in India again in May last year. At present, an emerging market fund with a scale of US$ 200 million is being raised, which is also the first venture capital fund focusing on India in China.

Different from many China investors interviewed by Zhixiang. com, on June 12th, when he talked about the logic and rationale of investing in India, he said, "See if we can find out that characteristic, and compare it with the characteristics of China." He also thought that "finding the difference between India and us is the most difficult thing", so the funds in China also need to be localized.

The following is an interview record, with slight adjustments as needed.

"We studied it for more than two years and didn’t invest a penny."

Q: When will you start to see the Indian market?

Ying Wei:At the end of 2015, a domestic individual investor invested in a project in India. At that time, we went to see it. In March 2016, we began to invest exclusively in the Indian market. At that time, Morgan formed a group, Tencent and Fosun, and when we went together, we saw seven or eight people in one day.

To sum up, in October 2015, we began to ponder this matter, explore research, then organized a group to go with them, and later formed a team to be responsible for the Indian fund. Zhang Le is a partner of CDH Baifu and a veteran of CDH. He has participated in leading many consumer and Internet projects in CDH, and went out to start a business in the middle. This year, he was recruited by us to take charge of the Indian fund. Zhang Genghua, the core member of the team, is also the first young generation in China to pay attention to the Indian market, and has made a lot of accumulation in the past three years. In the future, we must recruit Indians and be localized.

Q: What stage are you mainly investing in now?

Ying Wei:In fact, it was in the middle and early stages, and there are basically no projects in the middle and late stages of India.

Flipkart was sold to Wal-Mart for 16 billion yuan, which was also in the middle and early stages, because the company had not yet made a profit. Therefore, we are investing in India now, just as we invested in domestic projects many years ago. For example, when CDH invested in Mengniu around 2001, it was also in the middle and early stage, and we invested 30 million dollars with Morgan. Don’t say that the Internet industry is growing fast, and so are traditional industries. It’s normal to double a year when you just started your business in the middle and early stages, and it’s normal to triple a year. When you are small, it belongs to this stage.

Q: Why India? You went in when Grab was valued at $2 billion. Why are emerging market funds focusing on India now?

Ying Wei:At that time, we seized this opportunity. However, the population of Southeast Asia is scattered. When we visited India from Southeast Asia, we felt that the Indian market was earlier. First, if you look at the per capita GDP, you can see that most countries in Southeast Asia have surpassed India. If you look at Indonesia, it is almost $4,000. We first invested in Vietnam. Indonesia invested in France like this, and then slowly transferred to India. The Indian market has several characteristics: first, rapid development; Second, there is a huge market and great potential. We first invested in Grab, and we mainly saw the valuation difference, which increased. Looking back at India, this gap may be bigger, but India is more complicated. So that place needs to be studied. We studied it for more than two years and didn’t invest a penny.

Q: When did you start voting again?

Ying Wei:It started in May last year. We invested in love recycling in China, and they wanted to invest in a Cashify in India, so we followed suit.

Q: In your opinion, what is the difference between China entrepreneurs and Indian entrepreneurs?

Ying Wei:The Indian is very clever. After he walked around China, he learned all the apps, and he learned them better than us. For example, like this Indian Cashify, he set up a place in the shopping mall to sell mobile phone cases and mobile phone accessories. The goods from Yiwu are very cheap. He said that I can earn my rent back by selling mobile phones and recommending these spare parts.

When you go to India to see it, it is exactly the same as ours. If you learn this, you will have an innovation. They are interesting and smart.

We went there to contact a small fund, and at first glance, we used to be the local head of Citibank, which was very high-level, and it was the same in the United States. They became CEOs and we became engineers, starting with that generation. When I went to India to meet them more than two years ago, I asked him a question. You are all heads of investment banks. Why did you all quit your jobs and go back to start businesses? Their answer is that, just like you in Chinese, we gave up the high salary and started our own business.

Q: Yes, and their international vision is better than ours, and they started internationalization very early. 、

Ying Wei:Yes Moreover, the ability of ToB is better than ours. We also watched some of them, but we didn’t dare to vote because it was strong, so we didn’t dare to vote. What we can understand is consumption, so the projects we invest in are all related to the big consumer Internet. We see these things better than he does. So the American fund, I think its advantages are, look at the front end. We also have our experience. Ten years earlier, this piece of toC was developed by us.

Pay attention to consumption, that’s for sure. It’s a very interesting phenomenon that you go to Indian shopping malls to see brands. I just said that it has developed by leaps and bounds, and its brand is different from ours. Now it is said that online and offline are developing at the same time, so in fact, if you catch the online, you will catch the offline, so you basically start to move in this direction. Jumping, I just said to pay credit cards, and his credit cards are basically not available. There is no meeting in Africa. What will happen to it? Will go online.

Investing overseas cannot be simply done by traditional investment logic, so I just said that we have the ability to reduce the dimension and strike, but at the same time we must have Indian characteristics and find out its development stage.

"If all Indian companies copy China’s model, they will not succeed. Isn’t it the same as our copy American company? "

Q: Now a group of investors from China are going to India. Is it a little late?

Ying Wei:Not too late. I think so, that is, it is a little late to know India, but it is not too late to invest now. It took us three years to know each other. Investment, we started to invest in May last year. But it does take a process to get to know India.

Whether that place is ok or not depends on the data. Look at the index of FDI, it is already the tenth, and its growth rate has surpassed that of China, and it surpassed that of China two years ago. China’s reform and opening up really started when FDI surpassed that of the United States. There is also the growth rate of foreign direct investment, which is very important. It means that the whole world wants to vote for him. You see what he said, too. They all said that they wanted your money to come in.

I don’t think it’s too late, it’s not too late at all, it’s time. But it takes time for you to enter a strange country, do research and get to know it.

Q: What is the logic of your investment in India?

Ying Wei:We are now investing in projects ranging from 3 million to 5 million, together with Indian funds, to invest in small enterprises. There have indeed been some changes in the thinking here. Why?

We use China’s model to compare, but what we really want to study is that he is different from China’s, and at which point he is different from China. This difference from China is what we want to vote for.

If it copy China’s model, it will be unsuccessful. Otherwise, it will be the same as our copy American company. How can you copy that all the successes in the United States are improvements and even revolutions in this respect? This mode has just started to use it, and then change the mode. We studied it for a while, and thought it was almost enough. We started to invest in three early projects, all of which were led by us.

Therefore, in the China Fund invested in India, our ecology has been formed. Three years ago, when it came to CDH, Indians didn’t know anyone. In the past three years, we have made a reputation, and many invested enterprises have begun to know our strength through our reception in China.

Q: But China investors who invest in Indian projects now have a feeling that Indian projects are too expensive now.

Ying Wei:In 14 and 15 years, when the valuation was the highest, the Internet just started. But in fact, in 17 years, the valuation began again. Internet companies all rely on burning money, but how long can it last? When the big organization goes in, will it keep burning for you? Some companies whose valuations have been carried up can’t stick to it and come down. Keep the efficient ones and get rid of the ineffective ones. As a result, everyone began to pay more attention to cash flow and start to burn less money. I think most companies have to go this process. We have also seen that some of them have already achieved results, such as Wal-Mart’s acquisition of Flipkart.

Amazon China has failed, and it can’t fail in India. It claims that it will cost 3 billion dollars to burn every year, so most people can’t afford it, right? So the valuation began to go down, which is one aspect.

Second, some new models, such as social e-commerce and Pinduoduo, were not valued at first, so we started to support them. When it comes to round B, we have much more choices. Therefore, in the A round, it is mainly up to us to study.

However, the way we value the Internet in China is effective. What is high and low cost, and how long it takes to burn money, are the basis of our crackdown on dimensionality reduction. This kind of thing has been verified in China, and there is no market for it. I think the investment (opportunity) has passed. If there is an opportunity in China, there are still some opportunities in the industrial Internet.

But our experience in consuming the Internet is very popular in India. Of course, I just said that we must integrate into the characteristics of India and grasp its characteristics and differences.

"China funds have an advantage over American funds in India."

Q: There are other factors, because frankly speaking, this exit is still not perfect, and most of them are still through mergers and acquisitions. How should we always look at this aspect?

Ying Wei:I think there are two aspects, one is what I said at the meeting, that is, Indians don’t know the structure of red chips, which surprised me, but there are many legal problems. CDH’s red-chip structure in China is the earliest, and we are the oldest in the fund. For example, Belle’s listing and Mengniu’s listing are the earliest red-chip structures.

Therefore, the enterprises we invest in now basically need to teach them to make a red-chip structure. For example, if we want to list in Singapore in the future, we will make a Singapore structure. We are also simple and will not lose. In addition, we began to study Indian companies listed in the United States, and the first edition of the report was published. There are many channels for us to quit. To create channels.

In addition, some Indian enterprises have high valuations, and they are as illiquid as in the early days of China, which is exactly the same story. So, some investments are sold by the next round of financing, or I will sell them in the next round and quit, right? Sell it to other investment institutions. The six projects we have invested in will have the next round of financing in the coming year.

Q: You should always talk about the projects you invested in. I think they are quite good enterprises, because there are actually quite a few entrepreneurs going out to sea in China. They go to India and make short videos in various tracks. So I think you have also invested in some entrepreneurs going out to sea. In your opinion, if entrepreneurs going out to sea are compared with local entrepreneurs, how should they look at their own advantages and disadvantages?

It’s only two o’clock on the other side of the sea The biggest advantage of entrepreneurs at sea is the supply chain in China. India now, as I just said, the supply chain is not perfect. Second, when we look at the team, we must have local partners. When you see the sea, I must ask you to have a local partner, a combination of China and India, which is basically everything we have invested.

Therefore, the local market is not as clear as the local people. When you need help, it must be a local partner, and the supply chain must be strong in Chinese, so combine it.

In addition, it is gratifying that many China’s post-80s and post-90s generation are turtles, and the rich second generation have also started their own businesses in India.

Q: Yes, we stayed in Bangalore for about two or three years. In the past, there was basically no Chinese when we went there, but now it is very large. On the other hand, a fund like China is equivalent to going out to sea, right? We used to invest in China, but now we are investing in the world. Compared with other American funds, for example, what are our advantages and disadvantages now?

Ying Wei:At present, funds in China have more advantages than those in the United States. In fact, I already said at the meeting. First, the stage in other places is very similar to that in ours. The development of the Internet in the United States has been transformed now, because the market is different and the population development stage is different. When the Internet was available in the United States, the per capita GDP was already more than 40,000 US dollars, and now it is 50,000 to 60,000 US dollars.

But China is bitter, just like India. Therefore, it makes sense for Indians to learn from us in this market. Look at Paytm. After Ali received it, he sent 200 engineers. They also sent two hundred Indians to Hangzhou to learn from each other. I think this is very different from us and the United States. Everything in India is similar to ours. E-commerce consumption is driven by the demographic dividend, so we look at the Indian market with the development law of China in the past ten years and the development law of the Internet. This is called a dimension reduction blow.

Q: What do you think are the main challenges? Because you just said that some people are biased against the Indian market, but in India, in fact, some media may have some negative reports on China’s investment, which you must have seen.

Ying Wei:All these big institutions, including all local investment banks, are very welcome. All entrepreneurs are very welcome. This is also different from what we originally imagined in China. It is very friendly. Of course, he saw our money. So I think it’s nothing. Therefore, the biggest challenge to us is ourselves.

What I said just now is whether we can realize that we can use China’s ability to reduce the dimension and strike. We have all seen the Internet in the 1980s and 1990s, and they all use the Internet as a tool, so it is easy to understand. The business model can be understood, but whether we can see the difference in India requires insight. We always say that interlacing is like a mountain. Can we find that reason? In fact, the reason is his change and finding the difference in India, so this is the most difficult thing.

Our team requires that I always make a thorough analysis of our industry, export e-commerce industry or social e-commerce industry, and then go to see him, mainly asking him about the difference. The difference is that we are going to (explore), which is the biggest problem we invest.

Every country has different places, and that different place will have an impact on my investment. So this is our biggest problem. We can’t see this difference, or there is no localization. The reason why CDH said (success), you see, few of the foreign investors were successful. Those who went to China to do PE were localized. For example, Sequoia used Shen Nanpeng, and IDG used Xiong Xiaoge because of these people. We are the same. Let’s see if we can find out that feature and compare it with the characteristics of China, and (let’s go) find Indian characteristics.

(Originally published in "Zhixiang. com" WeChat official account: passagegroup)

　　Chinese characters have a history of about 5,000 years since their origin. For thousands of years, Chinese characters have been developing and changing. The constant and uninterrupted evolution has caused great physical differences between Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty and today’s regular script Chinese characters. In the meantime, it can be divided into two major stages: ancient Chinese characters and modern Chinese characters.

　　In terms of time, the stage of ancient Chinese characters includes Shang Dynasty characters, Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Characters, Six Kingdoms characters and Qin Dynasty characters. At present, the large-scale systematic Oracle Bone Inscriptions we see belongs to the late Shang Dynasty, and it is a kind of writing carved on tortoise shells and animal bones. Due to the limitation of writing tools, Oracle Bone Inscriptions is mostly a thin pen with square folds, but seldom a fat pen with round turns. Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s pictographic composition is not only heavy, but also the structure is not fixed, showing great randomness and flexibility in specific writing. The bronze inscriptions in the early Western Zhou Dynasty also followed the style of bronze inscriptions in the late Shang Dynasty, and then gradually tended to be neat and square. The obvious change was that the curved thick brush was replaced by straight lines. During the Spring and Autumn Period, inscriptions on bronze in various regions gradually formed their own writing characteristics, and artistic fonts with bird-shaped and insect-shaped decorations appeared in inscriptions on bronze in some areas in the East and South. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are the transitional period from slavery to feudalism in our society. The society in China has undergone drastic changes, and the separatist regime of vassals has caused serious abnormal characters among countries and regions. This regional difference of Chinese characters brings a lot of inconvenience to people’s social communication and affects the communication between regions. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he immediately embarked on the reform of "writing with the same language", taking Xiao Zhuan as the unified national writing standard, which made the Chinese characters more regular and symmetrical, and the pictographic degree was further reduced, showing unprecedented stereotypes. Although the strokes of Xiao zhuan are round and beautiful, it is extremely inconvenient to write, so people change the strokes into square folds in practical use and transform the glyphs appropriately.Gradually formed a simple and easy to write new font-Qin Li. Its appearance laid the foundation for the emergence of han li, which is an important transitional stage from ancient Chinese characters to modern Chinese characters.

　　Today’s characters are the Chinese characters in the official script stage, which have continued from Han Dynasty to modern times. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the characters inherited the Qin system, and the structure of Qin Li was gradually simplified, the lines were gradually symmetrical, and the brushwork was gradually regular, which gradually formed the han li. Official script is the main popular font in the Han Dynasty, which is used in solemn occasions, while cursive script is often used in people’s drafting documents and communication. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, running script was formed on the basis of official script and cursive script, and regular script was produced on the basis of running script around the time of Han and Wei Dynasties. After about 200 years in Wei and Jin Dynasties, regular script finally determined its dominant position, and running script also evolved into a font between regular script and cursive script. Running script is fast and not as illegible as cursive script, so it has high practical value. At the same time, cursive script is more simplified and difficult to identify. After the Tang Dynasty, it has completely become a kind of art for appreciation.

　　The evolution of Chinese characters from Oracle Bone Inscriptions to modern regular script, from ancient script to modern script, and the internal changes of ancient and modern scripts can sum up several obvious evolution laws: simplification, phoneticization and standardization.

　　Simplification is the most obvious law in the development and evolution of Chinese characters. Either because of the improvement of writing tools (from knife carving, model casting, writing with brush to block printing), or because of the change of writing carrier (from Oracle bones, bronzes, bamboo slips and silks to paper), and because of the nature of Chinese characters as a tool to record Chinese, font simplification is extremely significant among the major stages of Chinese character development. For example, "Ma" has changed from an early pictographic character to a simplified character today: (inscriptions on bronze in Shang dynasty)— (Oracle Bone Inscriptions)— (Western Zhou Dynasty inscriptions)— (Chunqiu Jinwen)— (Warring States script)— (Xiao Zhuan)-Horse-Horse, it is extremely intuitive that drawings gradually become lines, pictographs gradually weaken and disappear, and strokes become less and less convenient to write. In fact, within each stage of the development of Chinese characters, simplification is also commonplace. For example, Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s word "che" has 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 Different forms such as complexity and simplicity; The same is true of Jinwen. ：、、、、、、、、, It can be seen that some are extremely pictographic (two wheels, carriages, shafts, shafts and yokes are faithfully described), and some are almost the same as today’s traditional Chinese characters. After Chinese characters entered the regular script stage, although the font has not changed greatly, the simplification of the font has not stopped, and on many occasions, vulgar style and simplification have become popular. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the simplification of Chinese characters was guided by the situation in accordance with the simplification law of Chinese characters. Many simplified characters were used in previous dynasties, and the simplification methods used (such as using ancient styles: from → from, courtesy → ceremony; Local generation of the whole: fly → fly, sound → sound; Changing the simple phonetic symbols: state → state, catfish → turtle, and Jing → Jing) has basically been used throughout the ages.

　　However, Chinese characters are not as simple as possible. Whether the ideographic meaning is clear and whether there is enough difference between glyphs is a sign of whether the symbols of this recording language are easy to use or not. Therefore, there are quite a few complicated phenomena in the general trend of Chinese characters’ development and evolution, including the increase in the number of strokes of individual Chinese characters and the increase in the number of Chinese characters in general. It is well known that the number of characters has increased over the ages, but the increase of the number of strokes in a single word is more complicated. The vast majority of the word multiplication is to add components for the expression needs of "words have special words, and words substitute special words", such as — (its)- (dustpan), -Shu-Qin, Giant-Moment-Yi, -I am-I am; Some add strokes or change writing methods in order to distinguish confusing words, such as month ( )-meat ( )-Angle ( 、 )—个 ( )。 Although this kind of simplification apparently increases the burden of writing, it is necessary, so it has been preserved to this day. Some simplifications don’t just add decorative strokes or components for the sake of improving the ideographic needs, such as "writing with". 、 、 ",it is temporary, and most of them are short-lived, so they are basically eliminated.

　　The relationship between the complexity and simplicity of Chinese characters is dialectical. We should properly handle the relationship between them when formulating Chinese character policies and norms, and find the best combination point between the convenience of writing and the convenience of use. As Mr. Cheng Xianghui, a linguist in Macao, said: "Chinese characters can be simplified and should be simplified, but they cannot be simplified endlessly, and they should not be simplified for the sake of simplicity, thinking that it is easy to master without a stroke." We have also learned a lesson in this respect. The simplified characters in the Second Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (Draft), published in 1977 and abolished in 1986, actually failed to deal with the relationship between simplification and complexity of Chinese characters and blindly pursued the simplification of strokes, which was not convenient to use.

　　The so-called phoneticization means that the proportion of pictophonetic characters is increasing, and a large number of non-pictophonetic characters are transformed into pictophonetic characters. Among all kinds of Chinese characters, pictophonetic characters have the strongest productivity and adaptability to Chinese, so they develop fastest. In the early ancient Chinese characters, pictographs and knowing words accounted for a large proportion. However, these words are often used to express meanings that are far away or irrelevant to their original meanings, such as (Yi) originally meant "water overflows from the vessel" (this meaning was later added with water as "overflow"), which was extended to "benefit, benefit" and other meanings; (Zi) is like "the shape of the nose" (this meaning is followed by the sound of "nose"), which is borrowed as a preposition and a first-person pronoun. Extension and borrowing are both very common and necessary in the use of Chinese characters (many characters are invisible, and borrowing makes up for the poor creation of pictographs). In all Oracle bone inscriptions, loanwords account for about 70%), but too many homonyms, one word with several functions, are bound to cause confusion. Driven by the clarity of Chinese characters’ meanings, most of these words are later added with phonetic symbols or phonetic symbols and become pictophonetic characters (the complexity mentioned above is an important source of pictophonetic characters). Pictophonetic characters came into being in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and developed rapidly in the Warring States Period (according to the laws of pictophonetic characters, a large number of non-pictophonetic characters were transformed into pictophonetic characters, and pictophonetic characters were directly combined with phonetic symbols and meaning symbols), and today they have completely occupied the main body. It accounts for more than 20% of all Chinese characters in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, 50% in inscriptions on bronze, 80% in Xiao Zhuan, and more than 90% today. The trend of phoneticization is extremely obvious, which also marks the gradual maturity of the Chinese character configuration system.

　　If simplification and phoneticization are spontaneous and implicit laws in the evolution of Chinese characters, standardization is intentional and artificial adjustment by users. Although the evolution trend of Chinese characters is very clear, the specific evolution process is extremely complicated. There are many variants and constant errors, which are not conducive to the effective play of Chinese characters in social communication. Therefore, scholars and governments in past dynasties have attached great importance to the standardization and unification of Chinese characters. Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s heteromorphism is extremely complicated, and some of its radicals are not fixed, such as "Zi" which can be written. 、 、 The position of the cow is different; Can also be used 、 、 (changing the ideograph to tapir, sheep or tiger); Some parts are different in complexity, such as "teeth" 、 、 、 、 , "Fu" can be used. 、 、 Wait. The variety of variants and the randomness of writing are very unfavorable to social communication and the implementation of national policies, so the rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty took measures to standardize the writing. "Zhou Li Chun Guan" records that "the title of the book is in the four directions", and "the title" refers to the words, which is probably the work of unifying the national characters. When he was in Zhou Xuanwang, he also ordered Taishi to write Shi Shuan Pian to standardize Tongmeng characters. After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, he successfully carried out the work of "writing in the same language", abolished the variant forms that were inconsistent with Qin Wen, and basically ended the phenomenon of "abnormal characters" in the Warring States period; The Final Edition of Five Classics, written by Yan Shigu by Emperor Taizong, the Phonology and Meaning of Kaiyuan Characters, promulgated by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, and the Ganlu Zishu by scholar Yan Yuansun, etc., have played an important role in the unification of regular script fonts. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the state has actively carried out large-scale Chinese character sorting and standardization, focusing on simplifying glyphs and simplifying variants.

　　Historical experience tells us that the standardization of Chinese characters is not only a necessary language work, but also a national plan. Because Chinese characters often change, new changes will occur after each standardization and collation, so the collation is not once and for all, and Chinese characters should be reorganized and standardized at regular intervals.

　　The writing of this article refers to Wang Fengyang’s Study of Chinese Characters, Zhang Guiguang’s Brief Introduction to Chinese Characters and Dong Kun’s Origin of Chinese Characters in China. Chen Shuangxin, male, born in Wangjiang County, Anhui Province in 1969, is a professor at China Language and Character Standardization Research Center in beijing language and culture university, majoring in ancient Chinese characters and modern Chinese characters. Li Na, female, born in Baoding, Hebei Province in 1982, graduated with a doctorate in Chinese Language and Literature, and is a lecturer at the School of History of Hebei University. He mainly studies ancient philology and pre-Qin archaeology. )

Xiansen Lee Publishers Magazine

one

Recently, I read this sad story: Mother’s House, which comes from Cai Chongda’s Skin.

This book has touched many celebrities and writers, and made countless readers cry. It has become a national best-selling book with 3.5 million copies.

Many stories in the book happened in this house.

Mother wants to build a house, a house on the fourth floor, because "no one around here has built it to the fourth floor, and when we did, we really stood up."

But building a house is by no means a worry-free thing, especially for families living in poverty.

Smiling mother

Even if my father was ill and needed medical expenses, my mother still took out 100 thousand yuan and said that she would build a house.

In order to save money, she looked after the gas station, helped to do odd jobs, picked up vegetable leaves and refused everyone’s sympathy.

Mother still decided to finish building the house, even though she knew in her heart that the house would probably be demolished in half a year or a year.

Home after completion

This house is the love that my mother has never expressed and can’t say.

Father wrote his and his mother’s names into couplets and carved them on the stone gate.

After his father died of illness, Cai Chongda has been working in Beijing and Shanghai, coming home less and less, thinking about his mother.

After all, he went out from his hometown and wanted to transform half of his home into a library and open it to the people in the town. Leaving such a public space is equivalent to returning to his hometown.

Mother can’t bear it. She drew and designed the house and built it little by little.

Mother’s house is covered with pink and white tiles.

Sister also loathe to give up. This house is full of dad’s breath and taste.

After his father left, for five or six years, Cai Chongda had to be sad and feel guilty for not cherishing him.

This transformation, he wants to leave a little souvenir for his father in this world in the way of a son.

Minnan native land, affectionate and heavy righteousness. Most people who earn money abroad will donate money to feed back their hometown education.

After the publication of Cai Chongda’s "Skin", literary prizes were awarded to two alma mater.

Among them, the "Changli Literature Award" takes the names of parents, "I hope my father in heaven and my mother in my hometown are happy."

Having a library may be a kind of compensation for my desire to read and see the outside world when I was a child.

When he was a child, his dream as a writer was laughed at.

Ideal and reality, hometown and distance. Cai Chongda said that this space is the best continuation of the past story and the present story.

2

Dragon TV’s "Dream Transformers" in the sixth season, the transformation program of domestic Douban with a high score of 9.1, finally took the lead in designing mother’s house library.

When designer Xian Bin first saw this house, he was disappointed and resisted.

The road is narrow and the space is dense. He called the house "the handshake building".

The reformed library needs to undertake four main needs: library, public lecture hall, guest room and family residence.

The guest encountered the first problem: the environment is the most challenging.

After repeated deduction, the designer chose a bold plan to stack the traditional Chinese-style courtyard in a plane layer by layer to form a hollow three-dimensional garden.

Model drawing, northwest

As a public project, the designer decided to use clear water concrete as the main material.

Because of the limited conditions, the result of the first time was very disappointing, and the guests shook their heads.

According to the characteristics of local traditional stone houses, according to the requirements of designers, the template was split in a specific size, and high-quality fair-faced concrete template and technology were adopted, and finally a high-quality sample wall was built.

However, the harsh conditions of the site made the concrete construction very difficult, and the person in charge of the construction was shocked when he saw the scene.

The arm of the sky pump can’t reach in at all, so the pump truck can only stop at the side of the road and use the ground pipeline and the ground pump for transportation.

However, the pipeline is long, there are many turns, and the pipe is blocked.

Transporting materials is also a problem.

Fair-faced concrete buildings are integrally formed, and all pipelines and water and electricity points must be embedded in place during formwork support. Once mistakes are made, all previous efforts will be wasted.

At most, there are more than 50 workers on the site, and four teams work cross-over. The atmosphere at the site is very tense.

The difficulty density is also very large, which is really too south!

In order to cooperate with the precise embedment of the lamp switch, the builder also made a special trip to find a mold processing enterprise to customize the mold.

In order to present a more concise architectural appearance, the designer designed a cavity, in which the building beams and pipelines are hidden, and all waterproof operations are carried out inside the cavity.

At the same time, many publishing houses and famous writers have heard that they are going to build a library, and they have volunteered to donate books.

The library needs professional and continuous management. Cai Chongda thought of the headmaster of his alma mater and entrusted him to organize the management.

After landscape survey, design, proofing and construction at the end of 2018, and after more than one year of hard work, this project with a building volume of more than 1,100 square meters was finally completed in early January 2020.

The unfinished fifth-floor roof garden and the curtain wall system of the building facade will be completed in the second half of this year.

three

In addition to the cultural lecture hall on the first floor and the library on the second floor, the mother’s house is mainly a living area and guest rooms on the second floor.

In order to distinguish between public and private spaces, the guests specially planned two systems.

In the third floor of the mother’s room and the family’s public activity area, the designer installed a large area of floor-to-ceiling windows to fully improve the dark lighting problem in the past.

Elevators are also installed in the building, making it more convenient to go up and down the stairs. In the mother’s bedroom, the designer specially chose the non-slip and wear-resistant solid wood floor.

Living room on the third floor

The dining room by the window on the third floor.

In January, Li Jingze, vice chairman of Chinese Writers Association, and Alai, chairman of Sichuan Writers Association, made a special trip to attend the unveiling of mother’s house.

From left to right: Cai Chongda, Alai, Xian Bin, Li Jingze.

Li Jingze said that it used to be the mother’s house, but now it has become the children’s house. For the mother, this is the pride and glory of the mother.

Ah, I got a manuscript called "Skin" six years ago, and the story mainly happened in this house. I am very willing to come to this place and will come again in the future.

Stepping into the atrium is the Heng Chang Lecture Hall. Heng Chang used to be a firm of Chua’s family, but now it is a clan number.

The audience surrounded on three sides, facing the podium. When holding an event, people can stand on the heights, sides and in front of them, forming a wonderful line of sight and making the space vivid.

The most special design is the line-of-sight relationship with different angles from the heights.

Specially built small pools and transplanted camphor trees planted when Cai Chongda’s daughter was born adorn this space with sparkling and swaying green shadows, and also tell the meaning of time.

On the north side of the first floor, it is usually not easy to show people.

It is the ancestral hall space cherished by mother, and it is also the corner of the profound link between this building and the traditional culture in southern Fujian.

The stairs on the second floor are designed with a sense of geometry and interest.

Jinjiang has a mild climate and is suitable for staying outdoors. It has an indoor library and an open-air reading area.

As a part of the atrium, it is also one of the best angles to appreciate the whole building. Public and private, dialogue and eye contact, volume and transparency, semi-hidden and semi-present, interweave a complex and charming spatial relationship.

In many details, it reflects the warmth of the family.

For example, on the bookshelf, "Fa" is my father’s name and "Sha" is Sibo’s name. The five words respectively represent the respect and commemoration for Cai Chongda’s father and brothers.

On the south side of the library is a high glass window with sufficient lighting.

The side facing the inner court can also be used for children to do homework and read.

Lamps and lanterns are all specially customized, with soft light.

The children are writing on the blackboard here.

Borrow books and do homework here.

You can come here to relax when you are tired of studying.

Even parents envy their children.

The designer donated the model house in the library.

This building was named Fazhen Building, which was named after Cai Chongda’s parents.

Cai Chongda said: "There is a very romantic tradition in southern Fujian, which is to make up a couplet with the names of the host and hostess, and then name this building. In fact, I think this is the most romantic love."

Mother’s house has preserved stone couplets.

Mother and child are connected to each other

Handrails are made of wood that can be used outdoors, and they can withstand the wind and the sun.

It will get old slowly, and the old texture will be better and more interesting.

On the bedside and the toilet, there are panic button, which can be pressed if the mother is unwell.

Mother’s waist is not good, and the softness and hardness of bedding are all taken into account.

Seeing the family photos, Cai Chongda misses his father.

He choked up and said, "Although it is called mother’s house, my mother told me yesterday that I must remember to call my father’s name. We think he is still there."

four

Heng Chang Lecture Hall also welcomes the first lesson: People and Home. Guests and Cai Chongda talk about the significance of going home.

Ah Lai said: "When I packed the distance to my hometown and returned to my hometown, I brought people from afar."

Alai share

Li Jingze said, as a modern wanderer, after coming back, our responsibility is to rebuild our hometown to some extent. "This building is so designed, I think it can be said to be perfectly realized. Very good. "

Li Jingze

(Photo: Liu Wenyi, Lin Liangbiao)

Cai Chongda said: "When a person can really reconcile with himself and accept all the parts that make up himself, you can really go home. After returning home, you will have a feeling of freedom. "

Cai Chongda and the Skin

He said that he didn’t really understand his father. I wanted to get to know my father again, so I started writing "Skin". He wrote this book because he wanted to get to know people who are particularly important to his life.

"Skin" is the best-selling book in JD.COM in 2018, and also the best-selling pure literary work of post-80s writers in China. It has been granted global copyright in English, Russian and Korean, and will go to the world from China.

The story of "skins" is to be continued.

Original title: "Cai Chongda transformed her mother’s house into a library, and all these writers will come."

Read the original text

　　BEIJING, May 17 (Ren Siyu) Less than half of 2019 has passed, but many people have said goodbye several times: the 8-year American drama Game of Thrones will end next week, the 11-year reunion series will say goodbye briefly, and the Big Bang Theory, which has been with the audience for 12 years, is about to usher in the final chapter.

　　On May 17th, Beijing time (May 16th, US time), the sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" will broadcast the final episode of the 12th season for one hour. Many netizens posted their memories, and at the same time, they also reviewed the "eggs" of some dramas.

　　Broadcast for Twelve Years: Redefining "Genius is Sexy"

　　The Big Bang Theory was officially launched in September 2007, telling the funny daily life between four otaku scientists and their beautiful neighbors, with a group of talented scientists as the leading role, which was rare in the TV drama market at that time. With all kinds of jokes, this TV series has also spread all over the world, and it still maintains a high reputation after 12 years of broadcasting.

　　In the play, all four leading men work in Caltech, but they have different degrees of social phobia. Sheldon is extremely obsessive-compulsive, Leonard is always teased, Howard is overprotected by his mother, and rajesh, an Indian, is afraid to talk to girls.

　　In the face of complex interpersonal relationships, their behavior is funny and clumsy, and TV dramas create jokes around the contrast of "high IQ and low EQ".

　　After 12 years of broadcasting, The Big Bang Theory has become one of the most successful sitcoms in the United States, and it has been nominated for more than 50 Emmy Awards. Actor Jim Parsons also won the Emmy Award for Best Comedy Actor for his role of "Sheldon" four times, and became one of the highest-paid TV actors in the United States. China fans also nicknamed him "Sheldon".

　　In 2017, the derivative drama "Little Sheldon" developed by "The Big Bang Theory" performed equally well.

　　The Big Bang Theory not only created a number of vivid characters, but more importantly, redefined that "genius is also sexy". Through fun and interesting dialogues, the TV series explained many scientific knowledge to the audience, such as Schrodinger’s cat, Doppler effect, string theory and so on.

　　In 2017, Hawking awarded the Hawking Science Communication Medal to The Big Bang Theory at the Starr Mu Si Festival in recognition of its contribution to science communication.

　　Looking forward to the finale: the main actors all hope to "fix the elevator"

　　In August 2018, Warner Bros. TV production department announced that the 12th season of The Big Bang Theory will be the final season of the show.

　　Jim Parsons, the actor of "Sheldon", said: "The simple reason is that it is time to end. We have tried a lot of things. It is true that we can tell the story all the time, but we don’t need to squeeze it dry like this."

　　In the past 12 years, the audience witnessed the gradual growth of several scientists. Sheldon, who was once considered as "mitosis", also made a touching confession to his girlfriend and successfully entered the marriage. But at the same time, the characters’ initial sense of comedy contrast is also decreasing. For the audience, "they have changed".

　　It is reported that "The Big Bang Theory" has also become the multi-lens sitcom with the largest number of episodes in American TV history, and the last episode will be the 279th episode, breaking the record of 275 episodes of Cheers.

　　When talking about the idea of the finale, several leading actors said in unison: I hope they can fix the elevator. This elevator has never been repaired since it appeared in the first season. Jim Parsons said: "The elevator was repaired, at least for a short time, and then we were all trapped inside."

　　The producer also said that it is necessary to give the audience a "perfect ending like a classic drama". The audience guessed, will the broken elevator be repaired? Will Sheldon win the Nobel Prize? Will he and Amy have children? How will these characters start a new life?

　　Over the past 12 years, several actors have been deeply attached to each other. "Leonard" Johnny Galecki said in an interview that he selfishly hoped that there would be more emotional scenes in the last episode, because everyone could not stop crying.

　　On May 1st, the recording of the finale ended, the leading actors took photos of their lines for the last time, and the familiar scenery began to be demolished. "Penny" Kare Tsoko shed tears at the scene and conveyed the words of the creator: "The Big Bang will always be in our hearts, it is beautiful, simple and true." Leonard Johnny Galecki said, "Everything is a dream come true for us. You have been the best audience for 12 years."

　　Looking back inside and outside the drama: those unforgettable eggs

　　From the day we learned about the final season, many viewers began to post messages on the Internet. Some people said that this was their own American drama enlightenment.

　　"In 12 years, the elevator has not been repaired, and I am not ready to say goodbye."

　　"It comforted me when I was in trouble."

　　"I cried, I have been with me for so many years."

　　At the same time, they also mentioned some unforgettable drama eggs:

　　1. The scientific adviser behind the tablet

　　In The Big Bang Theory, in order to show the research of Sheldon and his friends, there is often a whiteboard with all kinds of incomprehensible scientific formulas written on it. However, these formulas are not made up out of thin air, and they are inseparable from the scientific consultant of this TV series — — David Saltzberg, professor of physics at UCLA.

　　It is understood that the professor will check the scientific knowledge in the script every time, and he also opened a blog to interpret the scientific content mentioned in the play.

　　Hawking has made seven guest appearances.

　　In The Big Bang Theory, several protagonists study science and love science fiction movies and comic books in their lives, which attracts top figures from all walks of life to make guest appearances, including Stan Lee, the father of Marvel Comics, Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, elon musk, CEO of Tesla, and many famous scientists and entertainers.

　　Among them, the biggest surprise is the famous physicist Stephen Hawking. As the idol of "Sheldon" in the play, he has made seven guest appearances in "The Big Bang Theory". In March 2018, Hawking died, and many viewers commented: "Sheldon’s idol left, and he must be very sad."

　　3. "Roaring Mom" who never shows her face

　　The audience who just started watching The Big Bang Theory will be deeply impressed by a mysterious figure, that is, Howard’s "roaring mother". She loves Howard very much and can’t bear her son to leave her. The conversation between them is growled, and the sentence "Ho-ward" has left a deep impression on countless audiences.

　　However, this mother has never appeared in the play. In 2014, Carol Ann Susi, the actor who voiced "Roaring Mom", died of cancer, and this role could no longer appear in front of the audience. In the 15th episode of the Big Bang Theory, Howard’s mother died, and many viewers expressed their sadness.

　　4. "Xie Er" girlfriend is also a schoolmaster outside the play.

　　In the play, Sheldon’s talented girlfriend (who later proposed successfully), Amy, is a neurobiologist. However, what is even more surprising is that the actor himself, Maim Bialik, is also a neuroscientist.

　　In her early years, she was admitted to Harvard University and Yale University, but she chose to enter UCLA, and received her doctorate in neuroscience in 2008. In the "Big Bang Theory" crew, writers and producers sometimes ask her for some related knowledge related to the background of neuroscience. It can be said that both inside and outside the play are out-and-out university tyrants.

　　What does T-shirt No.5.73 mean?

　　Many viewers still remember that "Sheldon" likes a T-shirt with "73" printed on it, and said that 73 is the most beautiful prime number. In fact, there is a little romance hidden behind this:

　　73 is the 21st prime number, and conversely, 37 is the 12th prime number, and 21 is the product of 7 and 3. Recently, two mathematicians published papers that confirmed Sheldon’s conjecture that 73 is the only prime number with both product and mirror symmetry.

　　In addition, after converting 73 into binary, you can get 1001001, which is the same as reading it backwards. More coincidentally, the actor who plays "Sheldon" was born in 1973. Therefore, this "73" is also said by many people to be the most wonderful number.

　　On May 17th, the Big Bang Theory, which has been with you for 12 years, will finally come to an end. Are you ready? (End)