Last year, Beijing ushered in the closing year of the first phase of the national "Atmosphere Ten". What is the effect of five-year atmospheric control? Yesterday morning, the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau held a press conference to take stock of the air quality improvement and air control measures in 2017 and the past five years.

　　(Reporter Wang Bin) The Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from the press conference held by the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau that the average annual concentration of PM2.5 in this city was 58 μ g/m3 last year, which was 20.5% lower than that of the previous year, and the national "Ten Atmospheric Articles" mission goal was achieved. Excellent days increased by 28 days compared with 2016, reaching 226 days; The number of heavy pollution days decreased by 16 days to 23 days. In addition, in the past five years, the average annual concentration of major pollutants in Beijing has dropped significantly, especially sulfur dioxide. In 2017, the average annual concentration of sulfur dioxide dropped to single digits for the first time, only 8 μ g/m3.

　　Last year, the heavy pollution day was only 23 days.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, in 2017, the average concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing was 58 μ g/m3, down 20.5% from the previous year; It decreased by 35.6% compared with 2013. In addition, the average annual concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and PM10 were 8 μ g/m3, 46 μ g/m3 and 84 μ g/m3, respectively, which were all improved year-on-year, and decreased by 20.0%, 4.2% and 8.7% respectively compared with 2016.

　　Among the above four main pollutants, the average annual concentration of sulfur dioxide has reached and is far superior to the national standard, but the average annual concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5 still exceed the national standard. Especially PM2.5, compared with the national standard of 35 μ g/m3, exceeded the standard by 66%. This shows that the improvement of air quality in Beijing will still be a long-term process.

　　In 2017, the number of days with excellent air quality in Beijing was 226, an increase of 28 days over 2016; The heavy pollution day was 23 days, 16 days less than that in 2016.

　　The number of days when air quality reaches the standard will increase by 50 days in five years.

　　Last year, it was the closing year of the first phase of the national "Atmosphere Ten". Compared with 2013, the average annual concentration of major pollutants in Beijing decreased significantly. Sulfur dioxide, the most obvious decline, dropped by 70.4%. Last year, the average annual concentration dropped to single digits for the first time, only 8 micrograms per cubic meter. Followed by PM2.5, with a decrease of 35.6%.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, from 2013 to 2017, the number of days of air quality compliance in Beijing increased significantly, with 176 days in 2013 and 226 days in 2017, an increase of 50 days. Among them, the number of first-class excellent days increased from 41 days in 2013 to 66 days in 2017, an increase of 25 days.

　　From 2013 to 2017, the days of heavy air pollution in Beijing were 58, 47, 46, 39 and 23 days respectively, showing the characteristics of decreasing year by year; The number of days of heavy pollution decreased by 35 days in five years, and the incidence of heavy pollution decreased significantly.

　　In the past five years, the concentration of PM2.5 in various regions of Beijing has been decreasing year by year, and the decline is significant. In 2017, the concentration level in each region was significantly lower than that in 2013, and the overall spatial distribution was still characterized by high in the south and low in the north, but the concentration gap between the north and the south decreased.

　　In 2020, the average annual concentration of PM2.5 will drop to 56 micrograms.

　　What is the goal of improving air quality in Beijing in the future? Xiang Li, director of the Atmospheric Environment Management Office of the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, said that in the next stage, the Beijing Municipal Association will continue to improve air quality. The new Beijing Urban Master Plan clearly states that under normal meteorological conditions, the average annual concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing will drop to 56 μ g/m3 by 2020, and the atmospheric environmental quality will be fundamentally improved by 2035. "This has actually given a clear plan for the goal and roadmap of atmospheric prevention and control, and the next stage will strive to achieve this goal."

　　focal point

　　The overall improvement of the atmosphere is the result of "human efforts"

　　Controlling air pollution is the result of "people work hard and heaven helps". Liu Baoxian, deputy director of Beijing Environmental Monitoring Center, revealed yesterday that in 2017, the frequency of inversion was low, the air was dry and the frequency of north wind was high. In 2017, Beijing’s air quality improved significantly under the combined effect of continuous air pollution reduction and superimposed favorable atmospheric diffusion conditions.

　　So, how much power did "God help" contribute? Wang Shuxiao, a professor at Tsinghua University Institute of Environment, said that after preliminary assessment, the meteorological conditions have not changed much in the past five years. Take 2017 as an example. Last year, the meteorological conditions were more helpful in the fourth quarter. Cold air activities were frequent and the temperature was low. Four heavy air pollution processes occurred, resulting in five days of heavy pollution, which was significantly lower than the previous two years. However, the meteorological conditions in January and February 2017 were not conducive to the spread of pollution. "So overall, the meteorological conditions in each month of 2017 will be offset. In the case of slightly favorable meteorological conditions, the overall situation is ‘ People work hard ’ The result. However, the impact of meteorological conditions on air quality is complicated, and we are still continuing to evaluate it. " Wang Shuxiao said.

　　Yu Jianhua, chief engineer of Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau, said that the focus of "people’s efforts" is emission reduction, and the role of "God’s help" is diffusion. The intensity of "human efforts" can be quantified, but "God helps" can’t be planned. In any case, people will keep trying.

　　A new round of PM2.5 source analysis is underway.

　　In 2014, Beijing released the source analysis of atmospheric PM2.5 from 2012 to 2013. The main components of PM2.5 in the air are organic matter, nitrate, sulfate, crustal elements and ammonium salts, accounting for 26%, 17%, 16%, 12% and 11% of the mass concentration of PM2.5 respectively. Through model analysis, among the sources of PM2.5 in the whole year, the regional transmission contribution accounts for about 28% to 36%, and the local pollution emission contribution accounts for 64% to 72%. Among the local pollution contributions, motor vehicles, coal burning, industrial production and dust are the main sources.

　　In the past five years, based on this, the city has accurately controlled air pollution through emission reduction measures such as clean energy transformation of coal-fired boilers, loose coal treatment in rural areas, adjustment and withdrawal of enterprises that do not meet the functional orientation and pollution of the capital, and scrapping and transferring old motor vehicles. Practice has proved that the source analysis of PM2.5 is a powerful means to improve air quality.

　　In the past five years, the structure of atmospheric energy has been constantly changing, and pollutants have improved significantly. Correspondingly, the source of PM2.5 has also changed. In the future, will Beijing study and release a new source analysis of PM2.5? Liu Baoxian, deputy director of the Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, said that a new round of source analysis is also in full swing, and relevant results will be released later.

　　This group/reporter Wang Bin

(October 27th, 2016, Cupertino, California)-Apple today launched the slimmest and lightest MacBook Pro? to date, and brought innovative interface design. A colorful multi-touch display panel with Retina? quality replaced the function keys on the previous keyboard, which is the brand-new Multi-Touch Bar?. The new generation MacBook Pro is equipped with Apple’s brightest and most colorful Retina display, a safe and convenient Touch ID?, a more responsive keyboard, a larger Force Touch trackpad, and an audio system with double dynamic range. It is also the most powerful MacBook Pro ever: it uses the sixth-generation quad-core and dual-core processors, and its graphics processing performance is up to 2.3 times that of the previous model, and it has an extremely high-speed solid-state drive and up to four Thunderbolt 3 ports.
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The Multi-Touch Bar makes all kinds of control options at your fingertips, and can adjust the displayed options according to the usage scenarios when users use the system or email, Finder?, Calendar, Numbers?, GarageBand?, Final Cut Pro? X and other third-party apps. For example, the Multi-Touch Bar can display tabs and personal favorites when using Safari?, make it easy for users to access emoticons when using information apps, and provide an easy way to edit photos or slide through videos when using photo apps.
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"This week marks the 25th anniversary of the birth of Apple’s first laptop; Over the years, each generation of our laptops has brought innovative technologies and functions to people, and this new generation of MacBook Pro is our biggest leap to date. " Philip Schiller, Apple’s senior vice president of global marketing, said, "The groundbreaking new Multi-Touch Bar, convenient Touch ID, the best Mac display so far, powerful performance, better audio system, fast storage device and Thunderbolt 3 connection system are integrated into such a slim and lightweight body, making the new generation MacBook Pro our most advanced notebook computer so far."
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The thinnest and lightest MacBook Pro to date.
Based on the groundbreaking MacBook, the new generation MacBook Pro adopts a brand-new body design and all-metal integrated structure, which makes this notebook computer not only extremely sturdy, but also extremely slim and lightweight. The 13-inch MacBook Pro is as thin as 14.9 mm, 17% thinner than the previous model, 23% smaller, and nearly half a catty lighter, weighing only 1.37 kg. The new generation of 15-inch MacBook Pro is as thin as 15.5 mm, 14% thinner than the previous model, 20% smaller, and nearly half a catty lighter, weighing only 1.83 kg.
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Touch ID login Mac
The new generation of MacBook Pro integrates an excellent function that people are familiar with and love on iPhone? and iPad? in the power button, that is, the safe and convenient Touch ID. Now, as long as you enter your fingerprint in the Touch ID on the MacBook Pro, you can quickly unlock and switch users with a touch of your fingertips. Touch ID can read your fingerprint quickly and accurately, and use complex and advanced algorithms to identify the fingerprint, and then match it with the Secure Element in the new Apple T1 chip.
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Apple’s brightest and most colorful notebook display to date.
This time, we brought the best Mac display screen so far, presenting more vivid images, richer details and more realistic pictures. The Retina display of the new generation MacBook Pro is only 0.88 mm thick, which is as slim as the MacBook display, but its brightness reaches 500 nits, which is 67% higher than that of the previous generation, and the contrast is also improved by 67%. Moreover, it is the first Mac notebook display that supports a wide color gamut. In addition, due to the adoption of various energy-saving technologies, such as larger pixel aperture, variable refresh rate and more efficient and energy-saving LED, the energy consumption of this display screen is reduced by as much as 30%.
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The most powerful MacBook Pro to date
Thanks to powerful processors, excellent graphics processors, fast solid-state drives, high-speed memory and advanced heat dissipation architecture, we have achieved amazing professional performance in a slimmer body than ever before. The 6th generation dual-core Intel Core i5 processor with eDRAM, dual-core Intel Core i7 processor with eDRAM, and quad-core Intel Core i7 processor can bring professional processing performance and save energy consumption. The new generation of 15-inch MacBook Pro is equipped with a powerful Radeon Pro independent graphics processor, and its graphics processing speed can reach up to 2.3 times that of the previous model; The 13-inch MacBook Pro is equipped with an Intel Iris Graphics graphics processor, which can process graphics at twice the speed as before. All models are equipped with solid-state hard disks with sequential reading speed exceeding 3Gbps, and Thunderbolt 3 port, which integrates data transmission, charging function and double video bandwidth, so that users can drive 5K display screen with only one cable and charge MacBook Pro.
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The new MacBook Pro is also equipped with:

• Force Touch trackpad with significantly increased size: 46% larger than before on the 13-inch MacBook Pro and twice as large as before on the 15-inch MacBook Pro;
• The keyboard with the second-generation butterfly structure brings fast response speed and comfortable input experience;
• Louder and more realistic sound quality is brought by speakers with double dynamic range and enhanced bass;
• MacOS? Sierra, an advanced computer operating system, brings many new functions, such as Siri? integration, universal clipboard and so on, as well as excellent photo app to help you regain meaningful memories, organize your photo gallery and beautify your photos like a professional.

Price and release time

• The 13-inch MacBook Pro is equipped with a 2.0 GHz dual-core Intel Core i5 processor (Turbo Boost up to 3.1 GHz), 8GB of memory and 256GB of flash memory. The starting price is RMB 11,488, and delivery will begin on the same day.
• The 13-inch MacBook Pro is equipped with groundbreaking Multi-Touch Bar and Touch ID, 2.9 GHz dual-core Intel Core i5 processor (Turbo Boost up to 3.3 GHz), 8GB of memory and 256GB of flash memory. The starting price is RMB 13,888, and it will be shipped in two to three weeks.
• The 15-inch MacBook Pro is equipped with groundbreaking Multi-Touch Bar and Touch ID, 2.6 GHz quad-core Intel Core i7 processor (Turbo Boost up to 3.5 GHz), 16GB of memory and 256GB of flash memory. The starting price is RMB 18,488, and it will be shipped in two to three weeks.
• For information about other technical specifications, make-to-order configuration options and accessories, please visit apple.com/cn/macbook-pro..

Apple introduced Macintosh in 1984, which brought great changes to personal technology. Today, Apple leads global innovation with iPhone, iPad, Mac, Apple Watch and Apple TV. Apple’s four software platforms, iOS, macOS, watchOS and tvOS, bring a smooth experience between all Apple devices, and at the same time give people greater capabilities with breakthrough services such as App Store, Apple Music, Apple Pay and iCloud. Apple’s 100,000 employees are committed to building the world’s top products and making the world a better place.

　　[car home Car Purchase Manual] In early September, we made an online (|) (hereinafter referred to as SAIC Chase V80) for everyone, and the discussion was very hot. Some friends wanted to ask more out of curiosity, while others wanted to buy a car, but they were "stunned" by dozens of models and didn’t know how to choose. To this end, I specially made a car purchase manual for everyone, hoping to help everyone find the right model more conveniently and quickly.

　　Last time we did an incomplete statistics online, there were more than 60 optional models of SAIC Chase V80, which had to be cross-contrasted one by one, even if we could stand it patiently, our eyes couldn’t stand it. Actually,We can start from the big category and refine it, and gradually find the right product for you..

　　Different from the past, other car purchase manuals are mainly from the perspective of cost performance.As a commercial vehicle, the main purpose of SAIC Chase V80 is to do things for you and earn money. Which model can do things for you is the key, and the difference in configuration is mainly realized in the selection of packaging..

　　Then let’s start this process. SAIC Chase V80 can be divided into two categories: classic V80 and V80 PLUS. Literally, it is very good to judge that V80 PLUS is an upgraded version. There are differences between them in internal and external design, vehicle selection and power. Let’s start with the classic V80 model of SAIC Chase.

"SAIC Chase V80 Classic"

"SAIC Chase V80 PLUS』"

　　The classic model of SAIC Chase V80 is relatively affordable, and the model guide price range is 108,800-151,800 yuan.The interior and exterior styling belongs to the people, and the position of the interior dashboard is somewhat special. It needs to be adapted in the middle of the center console.There are two classic models: City King and Aoyuntong. City King is a blind window logistics vehicle. Aoyuntong Positioning Multifunctional Vehicle, can give attention to both personnel and tools transportation, transportation. Power is equipped with a 2.0T diesel engine, with a maximum power of 127 HP and a maximum torque of 320 Nm. The traditional system has 6MT and 6 MT to match it.

◆ SAIC Chase V80 Classic

◆　Chengpeiwang

　　The city king can easily understand his position by listening to his name.The biggest advantage of logistics vehicles is the maximization of cargo compartment space.The design of the blind window is also better for the protection of the car body, so there is no need to worry about the mixed loading of passengers and goods. The seat of the city king isSingle row of 3 seats, the load number is 3 people.

"SAIC Chase V80 Classic City Match King"

　　City distribution king has two wheelbase models with short axle and long axle.The short-axle model has a wheelbase of 3100mm and a length of 4,950 mm. Compared with the long-axle model, it has better flexibility.Short-axle models have two heights: ultra-low top and middle top.How to choose these two heights depends mainly on your car working conditions.The height of the ultra-low roof model is 2070mm, which is not bound by the height limit of 2.1 meters and 2.2 meters in some office buildings or underground parking lots of shopping malls.Urban driving is unimpeded.The height of the mid-top model is 2345 mm.The cargo compartment is higher in height and larger in volume.If there are no restrictions on your car area, the mid-top model expands the cargo compartment space.In terms of price, the guide price of 6MT short-axis ultra-low top/mid-top model is 108,800 yuan, and that of 6AMT model is increased by 5,000 yuan.

　　Long-axle models have a wheelbase of 3850mm and a length of 5,700 mm. There are two kinds of heights: the middle roof and the high roof. We mentioned the height of the middle roof just now, which is 2345mm；; The height of the high-top model is 2552mm, and the selection idea is the same as that of the short-axle model. Consider the height limit of your car area. In terms of price, the guide price of the 6MT long-axis mid-top model is 128,800 yuan; The long-axis high-top model is136,800 yuan; The 6AMT model increased by RMB 5,000 on the basis of this price.

◆　Aoyuntong

　　Aoyuntong belongs to a car that can take care of both people and goods., its logistics ability is not as strong as that of the city with the king, but the number of people with loads is more advantageous. Similarly,There are two kinds of wheelbase: short axis and long axis..

　　　The short axle version has a wheelbase of 3100mm and a vehicle length of 4950mm, and there are two types: ultra-low top and middle top., with heights of 2070mm and 2345mm respectively,The advantage of the ultra-low top model is that it is almost not limited by high influence, and the mid-top model has more room in the car, making it easier to get in and out of the car or take things.The number of seats can be selected from 5-9 seats, among which the space for pulling people and carrying goods is relatively average for 5-6 seat models, and the guide price for 6MT models is 118,800 yuan, while the 7-,8-and 9-seat models have more advantages in the load of people, of course, the space for carrying goods will be reduced accordingly, and the guide price for 6MT models is 121,800 yuan. The 6AMT model increased by RMB 5,000 on the basis of this price.

"Aoyuntong Long Axis Center Top"

　　Long-axle models have a wheelbase of 3850mm and a length of 5700mm, and there are two types: middle roof and high roof.The height is 2345mm and 2552mm respectively, and the seats have four layouts of 6/7/8/9 seats, which has more space than the short-axis models, but there must be some trade-offs in flexibility. In terms of price, the guiding price of 6MT long axle center roof is 138,800 yuan, and the guiding price of high roof is 146,800 yuan, and the 6AMT model is increased by 5,000 yuan on this basis.

　　The above is a detailed introduction of the classic V80 model of SAIC Chase, and I believe that everyone can already find the law of car selection from it.The first step is to locate what to do when buying a car.Do you need a logistics vehicle that focuses on transportation, a business/commuter vehicle that focuses on people, or a multi-functional vehicle that takes care of the transportation of people and goods? Logistics vehicles choose the city to match the king, taking into account the choice of people and goods. Which category was determined,The second step is to consider your own car environment. How many people do you need to load? Which wheelbase and length can meet the flexibility requirements and which height can meet the limit requirements? The third step, considering the budget, do you need 6MT or 6MT models?With these three-step step-by-step ideas, many models will not be stumped.

　　　　In June 2010, Jobs released the classic 4. This generation of iPhone is still three years away from fingerprint recognition, and only three months later, Apple acquired a Swedish company called Polar Rose, which is a small company with only 15 people. Is it anything else that Apple is interested in? It is Polar Rose’s unique face recognition technology. That’s right, this is the predecessor of the Face ID that was carried on the internet seven years later.

Seven years of hard work, iPhone X facial recognition, past lives

　　　　　It is hard to imagine that in 2010, before fingerprint recognition was born, Apple began to lay out 3D vision, and after 7 years of dormancy, it first appeared in the form of facial recognition. So when there is talk that Face ID is just a substitute for the iPhone to solve the fingerprint on the screen in a hurry, we have to admit that we underestimate the Apple Empire.

　　　　Polar Rose’s main technology is to use artificial intelligence to engage in image and video analysis and extract three-dimensional information from two-dimensional images, but Apple’s layout in 3D vision is still one step behind Microsoft’s. Because as early as the E3 exhibition in June 2009, Microsoft officially released Kinect, a somatosensory game device, which changed the way people interact with games. We can play games by shaking our bodies (Nintendo’s Wii still needed a remote control stick).

Kinect somatosensory game (picture quoted from gamefy)

　　　　　And even the key here is the depth camera, which is used to capture human body movements and then hand them over to the program to identify, remember, analyze and process these movements. This technology is called PrimeSense by a company.Provided by the company.　　　

　　　　　　PrimeSense is an Israeli company founded in 2005, and developed a 3D sensor in 2006. Its founders all have strong scientific research background. At that time, the game industry had been stagnant, and they have been thinking about how to make changes, such as letting people pick up the sword in the game instead of the remote control handle. Finally,PrimeSense locked the camera.

Kinect(Image quoted from cnblogs)

　　　　　At the game developers’ conference that year,PrimeSense showed the prospect of 3D sensors in the game field, and was recognized by Microsoft, which gave birth to the later.Kinect。

3D recognition of the originator’s structural light to achieve PrimeSense

　　　　PrimeSense3D recognition technology is mainly a kind of structured light--—Light Coding (optical coding technology), we know that the camera wants to capture human movements, and it needs to be realized by judging the depth of field. Structured light is to structure light, and its principle is to use a projector to project a grating or a linear light source onto the measured object, forming a distorted shape on the surface of the measured object, such as the bar grating in the picture below, which projects irregular lines on the surface of the fish.

Principle of structured light technology

　　　　Such a distorted image is captured by a camera in another position, and the lines seen from its angle are obtained. When the positions of the projector and the camera are fixed, the distortion degree of the lines captured by it is also consistent, so that the distorted two-dimensional image can restore the three-dimensional imaging of the object surface. Here, the principle of optical triangulation is mainly used.

Principle of structured light technology

Principle of structured light technology

　　　　The Light Coding used by PrimeSense is somewhat different. It will emit a light source called "laser speckle" in space. This light source is characterized by high randomness, and different patterns will appear with different distances, so that the speckles in different spaces are the same. After the light source is emitted, it is equivalent to that the whole space has been marked. When an object is placed in this space, the spatial position of the object can be monitored through the change of speckle.

　　　　　PrimeSense will record a speckle pattern on the reference plane at intervals in space to form a three-dimensional speckle pattern group. When someone enters the space, it will record it again to form a contrast and correlation operation, and then a three-dimensional image of the whole scene can be obtained. This principle is used by Microsoft’s first generation Kinect depth-of-field image.

　　　　Since 2009, technology companies have discovered that 3D vision is a huge treasure that has not yet been tapped, including Microsoft, Intel, Google, Samsung and other companies that have invested in the development of 3D vision through acquisitions and independent research and development. In 2009 and 2010, Microsoft acquired 3D-TOF camera companies canesta and 3dv. In 2013, Intel launched RealSense technology and Google launched Tango project.

　　　　At this point, we haven’t seen much of Apple’s shadow, but since Microsoft announced its parting ways with PrimeSense, Apple has just appeared.

Microsoft’s self-developed TOF Apple Leaks Achievement Face ID

　　　　　In 2013, a new generation of Kinect came out. Instead of continuing to use PrimeSense, it chose to independently develop 3D sensors. In fact, the second generation of Kinect adopts a 3D vision technology-TOF, which is completely different from PrimeSense structured light. These technologies are accumulated from the previously acquired companies canesta and 3dv, which hold the patent of TOF camera. Previously, it was always thought that the first generation of Kinect used TOF technology.

TOF 3D vision (picture quoted from China Electronic Network)

　　　　TOF is short for Time of flight. It is to send light pulses to the target continuously, and then receive the light from the object with a sensor. By detecting the flight (round-trip) time of the light pulses, the distance between the target and the object can be obtained. Usually, the LED emits infrared rays, the imaging sensor receives infrared rays reflected from the surface of the object, and the device emits a sinusoidal signal whose intensity changes with time period, and the depth is calculated by obtaining the phase difference between the transmitted and received signals.

TOF technology principle

　　　　　In addition to structured light and TOF technology, there is also a binocular stereo imaging technology, but it will not be introduced here because the technology is immature.

　　　　　Both structured light and TOF technology have their own advantages in 3D vision. For example, structured light has mature technology, low power consumption and high resolution of plane information, but it is easily affected by illumination, and its performance in strong light is not very good, and its recognition distance is close, but its cost is high. TOF scheme has good anti-interference and long recognition distance, but it has low plane resolution, high power consumption and medium material cost.

Comparison of three 3D vision technologies (picture quoted from Haitong Electronics Research)

　　　　In any case, Microsoft gave up using structured light technology.PrimeSense，Although PrimeSense was somewhat disappointed, it didn’t stop the pace of research and development, and decided to reinvent itself, and developed a very small 3D sensor in the world.CApri and Capri have three times the depth resolution and 50 times the light resistance (enabling them to work in sunlight), but their bodies are reduced by 10 times.

　　　　Maybe it isPrimeSense’s efforts in product miniaturization have enabled 3D sensors to be used in notebooks, tablets and even computers, and also allowed Apple to see its potential. Microsoft is right.The abandonment of PrimeSense finally made Apple miss it..

　　　　　So, finally, in September 2013, Apple officially made its debut and spent $360 million to acquire PrimeSense, which enabled this ambitious company to master the core 3D vision technology.

Those invisible ones behind Face ID are bought in buy buy.

　　　　　Apple’s acquisition of PrimeSense is still advancing the miniaturization of 3D sensors, and increasing investment and patent layout. In April 2015, Apple submitted a patent application for 3D gesture control technology; In July 2015, Apple submitted a facial recognition patent named "Low Threshold Facial Recognition". In March 2017, Apple released a new patent for 3D vision-face recognition using depth of field information, and a complete patent map of face recognition gradually became clear.

　　　　　Then there is a series of crazy acquisitions:

　　　　　In April 2015, Apple acquired LinX Imaging.

　　　　　　　　　　LinX Imaging mainly develops multi-hole cameras for mobile devices, which can reduce the height of the camera and make the camera no longer protrude. Another black technology is to use porous design to accurately measure the difference between pixels in different images, so as to create a depth-of-field image, which allows us to scan the object in three dimensions only by taking pictures.

LinX Imaging 3D scanning technology

　　　　　In November 2015, Apple acquired Faceshift.

　　　　　Faceshift is a motion capture company, which developed the technology of tracking facial expressions in real time and then using animation. This technology was used in Star Wars movies to make the expressions of animated characters imitate the expressions of actors more accurately. In the field of games, users can use avatars that are updated in real time according to their own expressions.　　　

Faceshift expression capture

　　　　　It turned out later that,Faceshift is not only used asIn addition to face recognition, it is also used by Apple in Animoji.

　　　　　In January 2016, Apple acquired Emotient.

　　　　Emotient is a company dedicated to judging people’s emotions through facial expression analysis. This technology will grab people’s faces and then use recognition technology to identify facial expressions.

Perceive facial emotions

　　　　In February 2017, Apple acquired RealFace.

　　　　　RealFace is good at facial recognition. The company has developed a unique facial recognition technology, which integrates artificial intelligence and brings human perception back to the digital process.

RealFace face recognition

　　　　　　　　The large-scale acquisition enabled Apple to quickly master the core technology of 3D vision, especially in the field of face recognition, and also prevented competitors from catching up with Apple quickly through acquisition, so at the new product launch conference in the fall of 2017, X with Face ID function made a stunning debut.

IPhone X facial recognition

The real essence: a quick glance

　　　　　According to Apple’s perfectionist product design concept, X’s "Liu Haier" should not exist, but Jonathan Ive is still willing to make way for "small space", because he also knows that it is not just a full screen on the front that really builds Apple’s next decade, but more importantly, the stunning "that light glance".

　　　　"All along, we have an idea, looking forward to creating such an iPhone: it has a full screen, which allows you to completely immerse yourself in it when using it, as if forgetting its existence. It is so smart, your touch, touch, word, word, even a glance, will get its heart-felt response. And this idea has finally become a reality with the arrival of iPhone X. Now, just meet the future. "

Little space

　　　　Looking back, "Small Space" is highly integrated with Apple’s research results in face recognition, in which the dot matrix projector will project more than 30,000 invisible light spots and analyze them to draw accurate and detailed depth maps for our faces. The infrared lens will read the lattice pattern, capture its infrared image, and then send the data to the security compartment in A11 Bionics chip to confirm whether it matches, using the structured light technology of PrimeSense. In addition, Apple can recognize your face even in the dark through the floodlight sensor and invisible infrared light.

　　　　　Apple chosePrimeSense’s structured light, rather than TOF, pays more attention to the proper recognition distance and high resolution of structured light. Compared with TOF, the lower power consumption also makes structured light more suitable for mobile platforms. However, structured light has a natural disadvantage in strong light. I don’t know if iPhone X can still perform well in the big sun.

　　　　　It is worth mentioning that Face ID is only a part of the energy released by Apple’s accumulated 3D vision for 7 years. In addition to unlocking the face on iPhone X, it also creates a series of functions that seem to show muscles but are very interesting, such as "moving expressions".

　　　　Through the complex system of the original deep camera, iPhone X can analyze more than 50 different facial muscle movements to detect facial 3D contours. On this basis, the "dynamic expression" is derived, that is, the user’s face is captured in 3D modeling. The special effects we often see in movies belong to this category, but this time we can achieve them through mobile phones.

Verbal expression

　　　　Combined with A11 bionic deep learning, Face ID also has the ability of deep learning. It has a special neuron engine, which can use machine learning technology to identify the changes of your appearance. Recently, the white paper on Face ID disclosed by Apple revealed that if your face changes greatly, such as shaving, Face ID will confirm the facial changes through password input and automatically record them in the database, instead of letting you re-enter your face.

Face ID, a small test, Apple’s 3D big move is AR.

　　　　Through patents, we can see that Apple has also reserved a series of 3D gesture operation technologies. Today, when the somatosensory operation has been tepid, we are very happy to see that the future somatosensory operation still needs Apple, a "latecomer", to subvert, and this is the real use of 3D vision.　　　　　

　　　　The 3D gesture operation may be realized on the Mac platform, and the Face ID on the mobile platform is just a small test of 3D vision. Apple said that AR will be an indispensable link in the future, and the energy exerted by the rear dual camera to join 3D vision can not be underestimated.

　AR game

　　　　　At present, Apple has released ARKit development platform, and it has become a huge AR development platform in one fell swoop. However, the AR experience of X is still based on traditional cameras, which is far from 3D cameras. Therefore, when Cook enthusiastically introduced the AR function of iPhone at the press conference, he not only gave the expectation for the next decade, but also had already targeted your wallet for the next decade.

　　　　　　　　The above is a report on the evaluation of Apple’s iPhone products. For the follow-up content of Apple’s iPhone, such as its appearance, screen, photos, battery life and performance, please continue to pay attention to Zhongguancun Online’s report on the evaluation of Apple’s iPhone.

　　Bananas have different maturity and different health effects on human body. The Japanese beauty and health network "Beauty Ranger" introduced this.

　　Green banana loses weight.Professor Yo Kato Zhi of Hirosaki University found that immature green banana is rich in "indigestible starch" and its glycemic index is lower. In other words, the greener the banana, the lower the calorie intake, which is more beneficial to weight control.

　　Yellow banana beauty.People who want to beautify their skin are recommended to eat bananas with yellow skin. Bananas of this color are ripe and contain more vitamin B2 and vitamin B6, which has a good effect on preventing and treating skin problems. Professor Okubo Yiliang of Tohoku University found that yellow banana has a strong antioxidant effect, which can effectively remove free radicals from the human body, thus achieving a cosmetic effect.

　　Bananas with brown skin help digestion.Ripe bananas often have black spots or brownish skin. Studies show that this kind of brown banana contains phospholipids that are rare in fruits and has the effect of inhibiting gastric ulcer. Therefore, people who usually have a bad appetite may wish to eat brown bananas to help digestion. ▲ (Life Times special correspondent Yao Lijie)

If you don’t consider the cost of using the car later when you buy a car, you will regret it afterwards. For example, today’s performance in this respect is worth talking about. So whether this car is a mule or a horse, let’s take a look at its actual performance.

First of all, from the appearance, the front face of Chuanqi E9 is very cute as a whole and looks very fashionable and sporty. Combined with the steady headlights, it looks very atmospheric. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 5212MM*1893MM*1823MM. The car adopts elegant lines, and the side of the car gives people a very cold feeling. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the shape is quite domineering and stylish. Looking back, the overall shape of the rear of the car echoes the front face, and the taillights give people a very young and fashionable feeling, and the whole looks very fashionable and concise.

Coming into the car, Chuanqi E9 interior adopts a dynamic and lively shape, which highlights the hierarchical effect. The shape of the steering wheel of the car is eye-catching, and it is equipped with the functions of manual steering wheel up and down+front and rear adjustment, steering wheel heating and so on, and the visual effect is good. Let’s take a look at the central control. The car is equipped with a touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and personalized. Finally, let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard design is remarkable and the display effect is excellent. The car uses leather seats, which are wide and thick, and the overall comfort and wrapping are not bad.

In terms of configuration, Chuanqi E9 is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, rear wiper, interior atmosphere light and other configurations.

The car introduced today is not only eye-catching in space, but also has reached the mainstream level in various configurations, and there is nothing to be picky about driving experience and space experience. If you are interested, you might as well experience it.

　　The coming year of 2016 is not only the first year of the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way, but also the crucial year of promoting supply-side structural reform. Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, China’s economy actively adapts to and leads the new normal, various reform measures are solidly promoted, the mode of economic development is constantly changing, and the economic structure is increasingly optimized, achieving a good start in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan. Taking stock, these achievements are condensed in one major event worth remembering.

　　1 China’s economy is stable and improving.

　　[Event] In the first three quarters of 2016, China’s GDP maintained a growth rate of 6.7%. Looking at the whole year, China’s economy is expected to achieve a medium-to-high-speed growth level of about 6.7% in 2016, showing a general trend of slowing down and stabilizing, stabilizing the middle and improving, and making progress while stabilizing.

　　[Comment] The performance of "stable to good" made China’s economic characteristics of good resilience, sufficient potential and large room for manoeuvre further manifest in 2016. The overall economic performance of China in 2016 conforms to the basic characteristics of speed change, structural optimization and power conversion under the new normal of economic development, which provides a good macroeconomic environment and conditions for improving the quality of economic growth, promoting economic structural optimization and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction.

　　Hu Angang, president of Tsinghua University Institute of National Studies, pointed out that from the international comparison, China still belongs to one of the countries with the highest economic growth rate in the world, and its economic growth rate of around 6.7% is obviously higher than that of the United States, Japan and the European Union. At the same time, China’s total economic output has exceeded $10 trillion. For every 1 percentage point increase on this base, the GDP will exceed $100 billion, which is equivalent to the 1.8 percentage point increase of economic growth in 2010. From this perspective, in 2016, China created a dazzling economic growth highlight in the depressed world economic environment.

　　2 Supply-side reform has achieved results

　　[Event] The task of de-capacity of steel and coal was completed ahead of schedule, the area of commercial housing for sale continued to decline, and the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size declined. In the first 10 months, the cost per 100 yuan of main business income of industrial enterprises above designated size decreased by 0.24 yuan year-on-year, and the investment in the central budget was tilted towards poverty alleviation, infrastructure and industrial upgrading … … Over the past year, the five major tasks of supply-side reform have been comprehensively pushed forward and achieved initial results.

　　[Comment] The action of supply-side structural reform is real, and the results of "three to one, one reduction and one supplement" in some areas exceeded expectations. On the whole, the initial progress made in the five major tasks has brought positive factors such as increased positive changes in production and demand, obvious improvement in market expectations, steady growth in investment, and continuous improvement in corporate efficiency, which has laid a good start for the next reform.

　　Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao article pointed out that compared with the "troika" of investment, consumption and export on the demand side, the supply side includes four elements: labor, land, capital and innovation. The supply-side structural reform in China aims at adjusting the economic structure, optimizing the allocation of factors and improving the quality and quantity of economic growth.

　　3 "camp reform" has been fully promoted.

　　[Event] Since May 1, 2016, China has comprehensively pushed forward the pilot project of changing business tax into value-added tax nationwide, including the construction industry, real estate industry, financial industry and life service industry. The data shows that from January to November, the cumulative tax reduction from the reform of the camp was 469.9 billion yuan, and the total tax reduction scale for the whole year will exceed 500 billion yuan. Many enterprises will get a real "red envelope" from it.

　　[Comment] The "camp reform" is a major strategic deployment made by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council with a view to the overall development of the country, and it is also an important measure for China to implement structural tax reduction under the new normal of economic development.

　　Zhang Lianqi, a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, believes that the "camp reform" pilot is a tough battle. On the one hand, this reform has given full play to the tax reduction effect and improved the VAT deduction mechanism, on the other hand, it has also improved the financial environment of the market. In the supply-side structural reform, it is particularly important for enterprises to reduce their burdens, and the "reform of the camp" has played a positive role in reducing taxes and fees, stimulating vitality and cultivating the tax base. In an environment where risks are controllable and the system is fair, improving the specific measures of "reform of the camp" will lay a solid foundation for further reducing the burden on enterprises in 2017.

　　4 G20 delivers "China Plan"

　　[Event] From September 4th to 5th, 2016, the 11th Summit of G20 leaders was held in Hangzhou, China. In view of the current challenges facing the world economy, a series of countermeasures such as "strengthening macro-policy coordination" and "innovating development mode" put forward by China at this summit have been widely affirmed by all walks of life at home and abroad. The "China Plan" is increasingly popular among the people.

　　[Comment] In the era of economic globalization, the economies of all countries tend to be prosperous and lose. Only through cooperation can we achieve common development. Therefore, making the world economy more inclusive and achieving a win-win situation for all countries is both a moral responsibility and an immeasurable effective demand.

　　Neil Renwick, a professor at Coventry University in the United Kingdom, commented that thanks to China’s efforts, the G20 Summit brought key issues such as sustainable development to the core of international politics, and set specific goals to promote all parties to take practical actions to implement important global agreements. It can be said that through this summit, China has laid the foundation for more meaningful international actions, which no other G20 presidency has done before.

　　5 The reform of state-owned enterprises is deepening

　　[Event] Since 2016, the "four beams and eight pillars" of state-owned enterprise reform have sprung up, the "1+N" document system of state-owned enterprise reform has been completed, and the "ten reform pilots" have been fully rolled out, and positive progress has been made in slimming and improving health, improving quality and efficiency, reorganizing and integrating central enterprises, reorganizing and establishing investment and operation companies, innovating and developing, strictly supervising the transfer of SASAC and strengthening the party building of central enterprises.

　　[Comment] The reform of state-owned enterprises is not simply achieved through some institutional adjustments or administrative measures, but is more driven by market players and follows market rules. This will undoubtedly help to change the past problems such as "fuzzy subject, administrative subject and absence of subject", strengthen efficient assets, revitalize inefficient assets and eliminate invalid assets, so that state-owned enterprises can better serve China’s economy.

　　Liu Rui, a professor at the School of Economics of Renmin University of China, believes that the reform of state-owned enterprises has now entered the implementation stage, and the details of policies have been discovered in the pilot, and some supplements and improvements have been made to ensure that the reform of state-owned enterprises will not go astray, and at the same time, it also responds to social concerns. Of course, the reform of state-owned enterprises is a very complicated reform, which requires both top-level design and bottom-line thinking, and requires caution.

　　6 the free trade zone continues to expand.

　　[Event] In August 2016, China decided to establish seven new pilot free trade zones in Liaoning Province, Zhejiang Province, Henan Province, Hubei Province, Chongqing City, Sichuan Province and Shaanxi Province on the basis of the successful construction of pilot free trade zones in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin and Fujian.

　　[Comment] The purpose of setting up a free trade zone in China is to try a legal, international and market-oriented business environment construction path and operation mode by setting up a free trade zone, and create an experimental field for an open economic system; The second is to build a typical free trade zone that is in line with international standards, free trade, convenient investment and financial liberalization; The third is to form an open economic model that can be popularized and replicated; Fourth, drive the development of the surrounding economy and make it a new growth point of China economy.

　　Tong Jiadong, vice president of Nankai University, believes that from the practice in the past few years, the goal of setting up a free trade zone in China has been initially achieved, and many bold explorations have been made in the construction of institutional mechanisms, which have achieved results in some fields. The birth of the third batch of pilot free trade zones not only reflects China’s clear orientation of adhering to reform and opening up, but also fully shows that China’s implementation of the free trade pilot zone strategy is completely in line with its own economic development reality.

　　7 RMB "into the basket"

　　[Event] Since October 1, 2016, the RMB has been officially included in the Special Drawing Rights (SDR) currency basket of the International Monetary Fund and has become one of the official reserve currencies of the International Monetary Fund.

　　[Comment] SDR is an important international reserve asset to make up for the shortage of official reserves of member countries. Before "entering the basket", the RMB was just the currency of China in a sense. RMB joining SDR means that central banks and many international institutions will actively or automatically increase their holdings of RMB assets as foreign exchange reserves. In the long run, this means that the RMB has been further recognized internationally.

　　Siddharth Tiwari, director of the Strategy, Policy and Review Department of the International Monetary Fund, believes that the entry of RMB into the basket is an important milestone for China to integrate into the global financial market, and it is also the world’s recognition of China’s continuous reform. RMB’s participation in SDR currency basket can better reflect the composition of major currencies in the world today, help to enhance the representativeness and attractiveness of SDR, and promote a more stable international financial and monetary system, thus contributing to the stability and growth of the global economy. After the entry of RMB into the basket, China will also need to continuously improve the transparency of its exchange rate policy.

　　8. Reform and filing of foreign investment approval

　　[Event] On October 8, 2016, the Ministry of Commerce issued the Interim Measures for the Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreign-invested Enterprises. Since then, the establishment and change of foreign-invested enterprises will be changed from examination and approval to filing, and filing will not be used as a precondition for handling industrial and commercial and foreign exchange registration procedures, if it does not involve the prohibited or restricted categories in the 2015 edition of the Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign-invested Industries, or the provisions on equity and senior management requirements in the encouraged categories.

　　[Comment] For a long time, there have been two different management systems for foreign-funded and domestic-funded enterprises in China. On the one hand, domestic and foreign investors face different tax treatment, there is a special examination and approval system for the establishment and change of foreign-invested enterprises, and foreign investment access faces many restrictions; On the other hand, the establishment and perfection of the socialist market economic system objectively requires the establishment of a fair competitive business environment.

　　Cui Fan, a professor in university of international business and economics, believes that the reform of foreign investment filing system has adopted the way of "establishing the trunk first, then adding branches and leaves". In the case that it is necessary to continue to promote the revision of the three laws on foreign investment and the legislative process of the unified Foreign Investment Law, this reform has grasped the key issues and made key breakthroughs in time, which is commendable.

　　9 Strengthen the protection of property rights

　　[Event] In November 2016, the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Improving the Property Rights Protection System and Protecting Property Rights according to Law was officially issued. This opinion has made a "top-level design" for property rights protection from many aspects, such as strengthening the protection of economic property rights of various ownership systems, improving the legal system for equal protection of property rights, properly handling property rights cases formed in history, and strictly regulating the legal procedures for the disposal of property involved.

　　[Analysis] Those who have constant production have perseverance. Microscopically, the protection of property rights involves the vital interests of thousands of families; Macroscopically, the effective protection and realization of property rights of economic subjects is the basis for sustained and healthy economic and social development. This opinion gives a clear solution to the long-standing "loopholes" and "dead ends" in China’s property rights protection, which is helpful to stimulate creativity in all aspects and benefit China’s economy in an all-round way.

　　Miao Rong, chief researcher of china enterprise confederation Enterprise Research Center, said that protecting all kinds of ownership rights equally embodies the spirit of fairness and will play a role of "reassuring" and "ballast stone" in enhancing the confidence of private and foreign-funded enterprises. In the long run, the implementation of this opinion is obviously conducive to optimizing the business environment of various enterprises, avoiding vicious competition in various places, and the relationship between politics and business will be more "pro-"and "clear".

　　10. Clear positioning of the property market

　　[Event] After a series of regulatory measures in the second half of 2016, the relationship between "restricted purchase" and "destocking" in the property market had a clear answer at the year-end Central Economic Work Conference. The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to adhere to the positioning that "houses are used for living, not for speculation".

　　[Comment] In the past, the real estate industry was more regarded as an economic growth point and a consumption hotspot; Nowadays, the real estate industry is positioned as a livelihood industry that supports economic and social development. The 2016 Central Economic Work Conference will undoubtedly have a far-reaching positive impact on the stable and healthy development of the real estate market and even China’s economy.

　　Liu Hongyu, director of Tsinghua University Real Estate Research Institute, said that overemphasizing the investment attribute of housing will damage its residential attribute. At present, China is in a critical period of economic transformation and structural adjustment. In order to achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, we must concentrate on putting major social resources and capabilities into reform and innovation, economic growth and social development. At this stage, emphasizing the residential property of housing is to avoid putting too much social resources into it in pursuit of virtual housing value.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Dakar, April 25th Communication: From Import to "Made in Africa" — — China pharmaceutical companies help the sustainable development of Mali pharmaceutical industry.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Zizheng

　　Clean modern factory building, clear division of labor operation area and high-speed production line … … In the factory building of Renfu African Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Renfu African Pharmaceutical") located in Bamako, the capital of Mali, a West African country, Pascal, a local employee, is inspecting production posts and sampling semi-finished products to ensure the safe operation of all aspects of production.

　　Pascal, a local employee, is testing equipment in the Renfu Africa Pharmaceutical Factory in Bamako, the capital of Mali (photo taken on April 3, 2023). Xinhua News Agency (Photo courtesy of Renfu Africa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)

　　In 2015, Renfu African Pharmaceutical was completed and put into operation in Bamako. As one of the earliest pharmaceutical companies that responded to the "Belt and Road Initiative", Renfu Africa Pharmaceutical became the first localized pharmaceutical factory in Mali and the most modern pharmaceutical factory with the highest construction standards in West Africa.

　　Prior to this, Mali’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry was almost blank, and most of the pharmaceutical market was monopolized by expensive imported drugs. It was normal for the people to lack medical care and medicine. In 2013, Renfu Pharmaceutical and china-africa development fund jointly invested 350 million yuan to establish Renfu African Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. in Bamako, which brought dawn to the local pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.

　　Ibrahim keita, the former president of Mali, once commented: "The people of Jeanmarie, a China pharmaceutical factory, benefited and helped us to acquire the ability to produce drugs independently, ending the history that Mali could not produce drugs."

　　In the Renfu African Pharmaceutical Factory in Bamako, the capital of Mali, workers test equipment (photo taken on April 3, 2023). Xinhua News Agency (Photo courtesy of Renfu Africa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)

　　Li Wensheng, chairman of Renfu African Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., said in an interview: "After years of operation and hard work, we have not only ensured the accessibility of drugs, but also ensured the sustainability of enterprises in terms of economic and social benefits."

　　This modern pharmaceutical factory adopts fully automatic production equipment, and completely adopts domestic pharmaceutical factory standards from design, construction to production technology. "Now our drugs are sold to all French-speaking countries in West Africa, occupying the mainstream drug market in the region." Li Wensheng said.

　　Pascal was originally a construction worker. After being hired by Renfu African Pharmaceutical, he studied equipment operation knowledge, improved his work skills and learned Chinese, and gradually moved from a grass-roots operator to a middle-level management position. Today, there are nearly 200 local employees like Pascal. Renfu African Pharmaceutical Company pays attention to localized operation and has trained a large number of industrial technical workers and management talents for the company and society.

　　"At present, the localization ratio of the factory has reached 95%, and the production operation posts and grass-roots management posts have been 100% localized, effectively realizing the drug ‘ Made in Mali ’ 。” Li Wensheng said.

　　The investment and construction of Renfu African Pharmaceutical not only improved the local pharmaceutical level, but also promoted the development of the industrial chain. "In the past, our factory was located in a wasteland, but now many factories have been established here. The demand for upstream and downstream supply chains of products has driven the improvement of local industrialization level. " Li Wensheng said.

　　After more than ten years of intensive cultivation in the pharmaceutical industry in Africa, Li Wensheng said, "I hope that through our efforts, we can provide more high-quality and low-priced drugs for the local people and provide protection for the health of the people in the whole West Africa."

　　Pascal has been working in Renfu African pharmaceutical industry for 8 years, where he has learned knowledge and skills, gained a stable income and got a better and better life. "Human happiness brings us not only a stable income and a dignified life, but more importantly, hope." He said.

Recently, I received many calls from parents of students asking about the pronunciation of the Chinese pinyin "O". Students and parents have different opinions on this, including "nest", "oh" and "oh".

After understanding, it is found that many parents will learn pinyin in advance through extracurricular training courses and online courses before their children enter school, in order to reduce the pressure on their children to learn Chinese pinyin. However, the professional level of teachers in these institutions and platforms is uneven, so it is difficult to guarantee the teaching quality. In fact, as a section of Chinese teaching, Chinese Pinyin is not paid as much attention as other sections, such as literacy, writing, reading and writing. Therefore, whether it is teaching seminars or training lectures, there is very little content about Chinese Pinyin, and even professional teachers have little chance to get relevant knowledge training. The pronunciation of "O" is a difficult point in pinyin teaching, because only modal particles such as "Oh" and "Oh" are close to the pronunciation of "O", and modal particles make different sounds because of the speaker’s different emotions and mouth sizes, so it is difficult to pronounce the sound of "O" accurately.

In pinyin teaching, the Chinese Pinyin Scheme is the basis and the curriculum standard is the program. The Ministry of Education once replied in official website that the "O" in Chinese Pinyin should be pronounced "Oh". There are 63 hanyu pinyin, including 6 single vowels. The pronunciation of monosyllabic vowels is characterized by loud voice, good mouth shape when pronouncing, and the mouth shape and tongue position remain unchanged. As one of the monosyllabic vowels, the letter "O" is a round lip sound. In addition to the pronunciation characteristics of monosyllabic vowels, the upper and lower lips are naturally rounded, the back of the tongue is contracted, and the back of the tongue is raised.

The above is a professional way to explain the pronunciation of the Chinese phonetic alphabet "O". In teaching, of course, we can’t explain academic terms and theoretical knowledge to students stiffly. We should learn the pronunciation of letters by teachers’ demonstration and students’ observation of teachers’ mouth shapes. There is another relatively simple and easy-to-learn method: pronounce a "bo" sound first, the sound is prolonged, the mouth shape remains unchanged, and the rest of the sound is "O". By analogy, syllables such as "Po", "Mo", "Fo" and "Wo" are pronounced with a continuous sound length, and the rest of the sounds are also the letter "O". In teaching practice, if it is difficult for students to pronounce the letter "O" correctly, there is no need to force it too much, because when they form syllables with other letters, it does not affect the overall pronunciation of syllables.

Facing the first-grade pupils, pinyin teaching is rich, vivid and intuitive, which can better protect children’s thirst for knowledge in learning Chinese, guide them to acquire new knowledge in interesting games and specific situations, and improve their literacy. In teaching, we can fully tap the resources of teaching materials and develop children’s language and thinking while teaching Chinese Pinyin. In the pinyin teaching part of the textbook, there are a large number of theme maps, which integrate the sound and shape of letters with the specific situations in life, making the originally boring letters become familiar, sensible and meaningful things. In teaching, teachers help students to pronounce correctly, master the shape characteristics of letters and reduce the difficulty of memorizing them by guiding them to practice reasonably in imagination and speaking.

In teaching practice, according to the provisions of Chinese Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Education (2021 Edition), students "can read Chinese characters by using Chinese Pinyin, and learn to look them up in the dictionary by using phonetic order retrieval method and radical retrieval method", which emphasizes the instrumentality of Pinyin learning. The current unified Chinese textbook has also greatly reformed the teaching content of the first volume of grade one, delaying the learning content of pinyin, recognizing and writing some commonly used Chinese characters first, and then learning Chinese pinyin. At the same time, in pinyin teaching, the learning task of word recognition is properly arranged, and word recognition and learning pinyin are integrated with each other. This can make children’s "first impression" of Chinese not letters.ɑO, e ",but the Chinese character" heaven, earth and man ". This adjustment in the order of teaching content is to put Chinese and Chinese characters back to the first place, and Pinyin is only a tool to assist in learning Chinese characters, not an end.

When guiding children to learn Chinese Pinyin, we should accurately grasp the purpose of learning Chinese Pinyin, give full play to the auxiliary role of Chinese Pinyin in literacy and expression, cut unnecessary cumbersome links, create a relaxed, pleasant and diverse learning atmosphere for children’s Chinese learning, and make classroom teaching really reduce burdens and increase efficiency.

??(Author: Miao Yue, a Chinese teacher at Nanjie Primary School in Linfen City, Shanxi Province)