Inheriting old crafts and activating new impetus

-investigation on the present situation of non-genetic inheritance in rural revitalization in China

Folk Culture Forum and Rural Revitalization Research Group

　　editorial comment/note

　　Intangible cultural heritage is an important part of Chinese excellent traditional culture and an important resource to realize rural revitalization. In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the protection of intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter referred to as "intangible cultural heritage") and rural revitalization, and promote the intangible cultural heritage to help rural revitalization, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the National Rural Revitalization Bureau organized the recommendation of "typical cases of intangible cultural heritage workshops", and identified and published 66 "typical cases of intangible cultural heritage workshops" in 2022. The research group on intangible cultural heritage and rural revitalization of Folk Culture Forum started with non-genetic inheritance to help rural revitalization, and went to Zhuxian Town, Kaifeng, Henan Province, Gama Township, Karuo District, Qamdo, Tibet, Wutun, Longwu Town, Tongren, Qinghai Province, and Tacheng Township, Yulong, Yunnan Province, and conducted in-depth research on the inheritance, development and challenges of intangible cultural heritage in the new era, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote non-genetic inheritance and help rural revitalization.

　　1. Intangible heritage is rooted in the countryside, full of vitality and creativity.

　　There are many kinds of intangible cultural heritage in China. From 2006 to 2021, the State Council published five batches of national intangible cultural heritage projects, including 10 categories of folk literature, traditional music, traditional dance, traditional drama, folk art, traditional sports, entertainment and acrobatics, traditional art, traditional skills, traditional medicine and folk customs, with a total of 1,557 items and 3,610 sub-items. By December, 2022, there were 43 projects listed in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List in China, ranking first in the world in total. Most of these non-legacy representative projects come from the people and are rooted in the countryside. They contain the unique spiritual value, way of thinking, imagination and cultural awareness of the Chinese nation, embody the endless vitality and creativity of the Chinese nation, and are the witness of our history and an important carrier of Chinese culture.

　　Intangible heritage is the essence and typical representative of rural culture.The vast countryside is the main breeding ground for China’s intangible cultural heritage. Intangible heritage covers all aspects of rural life, is the wisdom summary of the survival skills and life experience of rural people, and is an important support for rural social production and life. Folk art represented by intangible cultural heritage not only nurtured the people, but also recorded the history and cultivated people’s national pride.

　　In Zhuxian Town, Kaifeng, Henan Province, New Year artists and ordinary people can tell their glorious history and prosperity: "Zhuxian Town is a big pier, with a wide grain river, and the boats in the river are big and beautiful, loaded with goods from the north and the south. There are many foreign merchants who come to Zhuxian Town to purchase goods, from Huguang in the south, Shaanxi and Gansu in the west, Hebei in the north and Shandong in the east. Merchants from all over the country have left footprints in Zhuxian Town. At that time, there were more than 300 New Year pictures workshops in Zhuxian Town, and the New Year pictures business was booming. Every household invited the old stove master and posted New Year pictures … seventy-two temples, seventy-two hutongs, seventy-two streets and seventy-two descendants. "

　　One side of the soil and water produces one side of culture and raises one side of people. The raw materials and production techniques of many folk crafts are inseparable from specific areas, such as porcelain, teapot and Suzhou embroidery, which have become specific geographical and cultural symbols, and therefore become an important resource for promoting rural revitalization in the local area. Epics such as Biography of King Gesar, Manas, Jianger and Ancient Songs of Miao Nationality, which are widely circulated among the people, are the essence of rural culture in ethnic areas and an important spiritual source of ordinary people’s lives. They not only provide rich nourishment for the Chinese nation, but also contribute colorful chapters to world civilization.

　　Non-legacy "two creations" inject vitality into rural revitalization.In the new era, how to realize the creative transformation and innovative development of intangible cultural heritage? At the national level, many policies and regulations have been provided for non-genetic inheritance and rural revitalization. In 2015, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Implementing the Training Plan for the People Inheriting Intangible Cultural Heritage in China; In 2017, the China Traditional Craft Revitalization Plan was formulated; In 2018, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued the Notice on Vigorously Revitalizing Traditional Crafts in Poverty-stricken Areas to Help Accurate Poverty Alleviation and the Notice on Supporting the Establishment of Intangible Poverty Alleviation Employment Workshops; In 2022, the National Rural Revitalization Bureau and other eight departments jointly issued the Notice on Promoting the High-quality Inheritance and Development of Traditional Crafts and the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Cultivation of Rural Artisans.

　　The investigation found that various localities organized intangible cultural heritage workshops, intangible cultural heritage training, intangible cultural heritage entering the campus and other activities to improve the intangible cultural heritage inheritance and activation mechanism. China Folk Writers and Artists Association implements the "Mountain Flower Talents" cultivation plan, focusing on training key members, leading talents and outstanding creative talents in various fields of folk literature and art. In the first half of 2023, advanced seminars in the fields of paper-cutting art, Sand painting, stone carving art and Thangka art were organized nationwide successively, so as to build a platform for non-genetic inheritors to learn, discuss, communicate and display.

　　In the practice of non-genetic inheritance, inheritors and local departments are also actively exploring the road of development. Yao Jianping, the inheritor of Suzhou embroidery, painted a "splendid picture" of rural revitalization with an embroidery needle. She said: "In recent years, the embroidery industry in ethnic areas has been revitalized through training and long-term pairing, helping more embroidered mothers improve their skills and increase their income. A large number of villagers have lived a good life through their own manual labor."

　　Yuan Changliu, honorary chairman of the People’s Association of Wudu District, Longnan City, Gansu Province, said that the local wood carving industry has gradually developed from a manual workshop of folk artists to a large-scale factory, which has brought tangible work and income to farmers. They also plan to further enhance the handicraft skills and market awareness of folk artists by holding various types of training courses.

　　With the popularity of mobile networks, intangible cultural heritage has also stepped out of geographical limitations. Young inheritors in many places have developed handicrafts e-commerce based on their characteristics, and broadcast live "bringing goods" online. Zhou Lazanbu, a Tangka painter in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, established Tangka Art Co., Ltd., which deals in handicrafts such as flower painting, embroidery and sculpture, and also displays and promotes intangible skills through social platforms.

　　2. Non-genetic inheritors, integrated into rural construction

　　Non-genetic inheritance, the key lies in people. The key to rural revitalization is also people. Paying attention to the group of inheritors is a key issue for non-genetic inheritance to help rural revitalization.

　　The role of rural non-genetic inheritors is indispensable.Gama Township, Karuo District, Changdu City, Tibet, is the earliest inheritance place of Gama Gachi Painting School. At present, there are 73 households with 202 people engaged in Tangka painting. The important non-genetic inheritors include Gama Dele, Pincuo Lunzhu, Sangzhu Rob, Mei Tsering, Luozhu Basong and other painters. Their main ways of inheriting Tangka are family inheritance and apprentices, and their disciples vary from dozens to hundreds. However, the transmission and study in the family is not closed, but through the acquaintance society composed of in-laws, neighbors and villagers, the mentoring relationship is established, forming a cultural heritage vein in a certain region. It is precisely because of the unique customs, traditions and regional culture that it has been passed down from generation to generation among the people and in the countryside for thousands of years.

　　Farmers are the main body of rural revitalization. To promote rural revitalization in an all-round way, we should give full play to farmers’ main role.In the revitalization of rural culture, the role of rural non-genetic inheritors is indispensable. To realize the revitalization of rural non-legacy talents, it is necessary not only to integrate external forces to sink the countryside to support and help, but also to pay attention to cultivating and encouraging farmers’ own endogenous development motivation.

　　At present, the non-genetic inheritors of Thangka in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan are actively exploring the inheritance path of Thangka. Starting from the early establishment of family schools, they have gradually developed into multi-level and multi-dimensional rich models such as Thangka Studio, Thangka Research Institute, Thangka School and Thangka Commercial Company, which are based on the protection of non-legacy and promote the integration and mutual promotion of culture and industry.

　　Attach importance to the non-genetic inheritance of teenagers.The investigation found that most of the non-genetic inheritors started from childhood and infiltrated into the intangible cultural heritage atmosphere for a long time. Through listening and speaking, oral instruction and professional study, they gradually understood and became familiar with the true meaning of intangible cultural heritage, and assumed the mission of non-genetic inheritance.

　　The non-genetic inheritors of Leba dance in Yulong County, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province emphasize on learning from childhood. The inheritors told the research team: "My name is Li Wenxian, and I started to learn Leba dance at the age of 7." "My name is Chen Sicai. When I was four or five years old, my grandfather took me to dance Leba, and I will get it slowly."

　　Ryan. Qiao, a professor at the Central Academy of Fine Arts, put forward that the non-genetic inheritance of paper-cutting should start with dolls and attach importance to the cultivation of children and adolescents. At present, the China Folk Paper-cut Integration Project Team has started the investigation and research on the non-genetic inheritance of teenagers.

　　Rob Starr, a national non-genetic inheritor of Thangka, believes that it is better to learn painting at the age of 7-13, and it is best not to be over 18, otherwise it will be difficult to train. Gengdengdaji, the inheritor of Thangka in Qinghai, said: "There is an optimal age limit for drawing Thangka. The younger you are, the faster you learn."

　　"Zhuangjiashan has been singing for thousands of years, and now folk songs have entered the campus." In April 2023, Guangxi Dahua Yao Autonomous County Experimental Primary School became the "Guangxi Folk Song Learning Base", and folk song inheritors entered the campus to cultivate "Liu Sanjie’s little successor". Xieqiao Town Central Primary School in Haining City, Zhejiang Province, Longdong College in Gansu Province, Zhongshan Experimental School in Luanzhou City, Tangshan City, and Baotou Steel Experimental Primary School in Inner Mongolia have long carried out the work of "shadow play art entering the campus" and obtained the inheritance experience and innovative achievements of shadow play skills. Multi-category and diverse intangible cultural heritage and its inheritors are entering the campus and approaching teenagers in various ways.

　　3. Non-genetic inheritance faces the dilemma of "cultivation" and "innovation"

　　Non-genetic inheritors take a long time to cultivate, and the supporting school education lacks continuity.Non-genetic inheritance is a long-term learning and practice process. Guo Taiyun, the national non-genetic inheritor of New Year pictures in Zhuxian Town, Kaifeng, Henan Province, entered the famous goalkeeper workshop "Yunji" in Kaifeng at the age of 13 as an apprentice, and the apprentice had to work in the goalkeeper workshop for at least four years before he could start his career. He was an apprentice in Yunji for a long time, about five or six years. That is to say, according to the traditional mode of non-inheritance, the initial investment cost of mastering non-legacy skills is high, the return is slow, and some even don’t see direct benefits.

　　Take Thangka Apprentice as an example, there is no salary in the measurement stage of learning sculpture, and the living expenses are mainly borne by the family and teachers. Apprentices sometimes have to pay compensation by means of labor exchange. Thangka school not only has a long study time, but also has a high basic cost. The research group had previously learned during an investigation in Danba Raodan Thangka Art School in Tibet that the most basic living expenses of an apprentice are about 30,000 yuan per year, including only accommodation, catering, transportation, tuition and miscellaneous fees, but not clothing, daily necessities, social activities and other expenses. Therefore, not all apprentices have the financial conditions to persist until the final graduation certificate.

　　At present, the practical exploration of the combination of intangible heritage and school education mainly presents the following new trends: (1) the practice of intangible heritage protection and inheritance is gradually carried out in the field of education; Some progress has been made in the construction of non-legacy disciplines; Non-legacy elements are integrated into nine-year compulsory education in various forms; Non-genetic inheritors enter the campus to promote non-legacy projects. However, these measures are still in the trial stage and have not really formed the scale and system. Some places have entered kindergartens and primary schools, but due to the pressure of entering higher schools, it is difficult to carry out non-legacy conventional teaching in middle schools. Like other skills training, non-genetic inheritance needs to start with dolls. How to organically combine the traditional inheritance model with the modern school education system and connect different classes such as primary schools and middle schools is an important issue facing the cultivation of non-genetic inheritance.

　　The persistence of intangible quality and the effect of innovation and activation are not ideal.Intangible heritage is rooted in traditional rural society. With the social changes and changes in production and lifestyle, the cultural connotation of intangible heritage in many places has been pulled away, and the symbiotic relationship with people’s daily life has been deconstructed, showing a "rootless" state. With the gradual withdrawal of the elderly inheritors from the social stage, many non-legacy projects are facing the crisis of "people dying". The cultural structure and level of cultural awareness of young inheritors are uneven, and their interest in intangible heritage is not strong enough. In today’s rapidly changing social environment, it is also difficult to focus on intangible heritage for a long time. From guarding skills to cultivating talents, from maintaining quality to activating innovation, non-genetic inheritance and development face a series of new problems.

　　The lack of effective protection of intellectual property rights is also one of the chaos in the transformation and utilization of intangible cultural heritage. In the investigation, we often encounter infringements such as the original works borrowed or bought by the inheritor are exhibited, won prizes and sold in the name of others, or the newly created works are made public, spread and copied without the permission of the inheritor, and the works are published without signature and in the name of others after being photographed. In the face of various uncertain factors in the market, the inheritors’ power to defend their rights in the form of individuals is very weak. This kind of chaos has greatly violated the interests of the inheritors and dampened their creative enthusiasm.

　　The theoretical research, policy support, industrial channels and social support of the integration of intangible cultural heritage into rural revitalization are still not perfect.Turning intangible cultural heritage into a cultural force to promote rural revitalization requires deepening research on the theoretical level, strong support on the policy level, and multi-party cooperation on the practical level. At present, there is still a lack of relevant theoretical research on how to promote the integration of intangible cultural heritage into contemporary life and root in rural and community cultural ecology, and the policies and measures are not complete and systematic enough to support specific practical exploration. There is also a lack of practical social support in industrial channels and supporting services. Some places have created "incubators" for non-legacy innovation and implemented the "non-legacy+"strategy. However, at present, most of them stay at the level of publicity and promotion, and few people really get results. There is still a lack of targeted measures to help inheritors connect with the market and build the industrial chain of intangible products, and the homogenization phenomenon is serious. In many places, intangible cultural heritage development has not been included in the overall development planning such as rural cultural construction and rural customs civilization, and the positive role of intangible cultural heritage in rural social governance has not been effectively played.

　　4. Protect history, base on the present, and let the intangible heritage inject development momentum into the future of the countryside.

　　Based on the overall situation, we will formulate a macro-strategy and policy system that will help rural revitalization and promote high-quality rural development.Non-genetic inheritance helps rural revitalization, which is conducive to the high-quality development of rural industries and makes the countryside a poetic place where material civilization and spiritual civilization coexist. We should stand on the overall height, adjust measures to local conditions, focus on regional economic and social development, and form a macro-strategic planning and supporting policy system for the development of humanistic economy in urban and rural areas. Avoid homogenization and low-quality cultural productivity competition, and increase farmers’ non-agricultural income. While developing the characteristic processed products industry, it is necessary to expand the industrial form and tap the diverse values of ecology, leisure, culture and education in the village, so that the local intangible derivative products and folk cultural activities can be developed in the rural revitalization and the integration of agriculture and tourism; Adjust and optimize the industrial structure, let the intangible cultural heritage inherit and grow differently in the new industrial form, and effectively promote rural revitalization with its own unique advantages and development vitality.

　　Adhere to the protection concept of "seeing people, seeing things and seeing life", pay attention to promoting the contemporary value of intangible cultural heritage, and promote the integration of intangible cultural heritage into modern life.Empowering rural revitalization with intangible resources requires innovative development based on the overall development concept. The extensive participation of the public is the lasting driving force for the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage protection. In intangible cultural heritage protection, we should not only attach importance to the subjectivity of inheritors, but also cultivate intangible cultural heritage audiences and consumers. Folk culture related to intangible cultural heritage should be protected and developed in the living context and its natural ecological environment, and integrated into the rural industrial chain to promote the optimization and transformation of rural industrial structure, promote the multi-social division of labor in rural areas, and create regional brands with cultural added value. We can rely on intangible resources to build intangible workshops and carry out skills training, and promote the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. We will promote the organic integration of more non-legacy projects into the construction of tourist attractions, resorts, leisure blocks and key villages and towns for rural tourism. Through the construction and cultivation of specific cultural spaces, cultural landscapes and cultural activities such as non-legacy towns, non-legacy tourism and non-legacy festivals, we will improve and promote the consumption experience mode of non-legacy related production customs activities and extend the production and consumption industrial chain.

　　Respect the main position of inheritors in protection, inheritance, development and creation, and attach importance to the role and significance of teenagers in non-genetic inheritance.Village leaders and non-genetic inheritors are all important human resources to promote the practice of rural revitalization. It is necessary to respect the main position of inheritors, set up non-genetic inheritors’ studios, and give full play to their role in regulating mass relations and promoting the development of local public affairs through non-genetic inheritors’ work. Teenagers are the new force of non-genetic inheritance and development, so we should explore the modern models and methods of non-genetic inheritance and attach importance to cultivating teenagers’ feelings, consciousness and skills. By sorting out the village history, compiling rural readers, setting up local lecture halls and developing non-legacy school-based courses, the non-genetic inheritance will be institutionalized into the school’s moral, intellectual, physical and artistic education. We can set up non-genetic learning and practice bases in schools and organize non-legacy research, so that non-legacy education can become an important part of young people’s learning and growth, and enhance their understanding and love for traditional culture.

　　Mobilize the enthusiasm of villagers to participate in non-genetic inheritance, establish a sharing mechanism and expand the rural cultural industry chain.Under the leadership of party committees and governments at all levels, we should establish a multi-subject interest community and establish a fair and reasonable sharing mechanism to protect farmers’ interests. We can closely combine the activation and utilization of rural intangible cultural heritage with the development of rural cultural industries, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all villagers, and cultivate their initiative consciousness of participating in "intangible cultural heritage+rural revitalization". We can regularly carry out skills training such as industrial policies and service standards to help villagers use the e-commerce platform and expand the sales channels of "non-legacy+rural agricultural products". Pay attention to rural tourism, e-commerce agriculture and other derivative industries, focus on cultivating villagers’ production and management ability, technology promotion ability and communication and marketing ability, explore the evaluation of rural non-legacy talents, and tilt in technical services, project cooperation, bank loans, product promotion, financial support and other aspects.

　　(Members of the research group: Feng Li, Wang Suzhen, Zhang Zhiyong, Liu Dongmei, Li Hang, Shao Huifang)

　　Guangming Daily (June 22, 2023, 05 edition)

Original title of this article: "To invest in India, we must invest in the differences with China and find Shen Nanpeng and Xiong Xiaoge among Indians."

Original: Zhixiang. com

China Fund wants to find Xiong Xiaoge and Shen Nanpeng among Indians.

//This article is 5259 words in total, and it is expected to be read for 16 minutes//

From 1988 to 1991, Wu Shangzhi worked in India Bureau of the World Bank, mainly engaged in Indian loan projects. At that time, in 1993, Wu tried to raise funds to set up a fund-"the idea was naive", and invested in some projects but it seemed that they all lost.

At the end of last year, Wu Shangzhi went to India again, and after a lapse of 27 years, he caught up with his old Indian friends at the World Bank. At this time, Wu Shangzhi is already the "Lao Wu" among the young people, and his CDH investment has also become the first PE in China.

From China to the West, from Zhongguancun in Beijing to Coleman Galla in Bangalore, and going to sea in India are the new fashions in China’s capital circle. However, Wu Shangzhi’s team realized the potential of overseas markets earlier than their counterparts in China.

In Southeast Asia, when the travel giant Grab was valued at $2 billion, CDH entered the market. Today, the market value of Grab has exceeded $20 billion. In October 2015, Ying Wei, the managing partner of CDH Baifu, began to pay attention to Indian projects. This is even earlier than Alibaba’s investment in overseas flagship project-Indian payment company Paytm.

CDH Baifu is an asset management platform under CDH Investment. After two years of exploration, CDH Baifu began to be active in India again in May last year. At present, an emerging market fund with a scale of US$ 200 million is being raised, which is also the first venture capital fund focusing on India in China.

Different from many China investors interviewed by Zhixiang. com, on June 12th, when he talked about the logic and rationale of investing in India, he said, "See if we can find out that characteristic, and compare it with the characteristics of China." He also thought that "finding the difference between India and us is the most difficult thing", so the funds in China also need to be localized.

The following is an interview record, with slight adjustments as needed.

"We studied it for more than two years and didn’t invest a penny."

Q: When will you start to see the Indian market?

Ying Wei:At the end of 2015, a domestic individual investor invested in a project in India. At that time, we went to see it. In March 2016, we began to invest exclusively in the Indian market. At that time, Morgan formed a group, Tencent and Fosun, and when we went together, we saw seven or eight people in one day.

To sum up, in October 2015, we began to ponder this matter, explore research, then organized a group to go with them, and later formed a team to be responsible for the Indian fund. Zhang Le is a partner of CDH Baifu and a veteran of CDH. He has participated in leading many consumer and Internet projects in CDH, and went out to start a business in the middle. This year, he was recruited by us to take charge of the Indian fund. Zhang Genghua, the core member of the team, is also the first young generation in China to pay attention to the Indian market, and has made a lot of accumulation in the past three years. In the future, we must recruit Indians and be localized.

Q: What stage are you mainly investing in now?

Ying Wei:In fact, it was in the middle and early stages, and there are basically no projects in the middle and late stages of India.

Flipkart was sold to Wal-Mart for 16 billion yuan, which was also in the middle and early stages, because the company had not yet made a profit. Therefore, we are investing in India now, just as we invested in domestic projects many years ago. For example, when CDH invested in Mengniu around 2001, it was also in the middle and early stage, and we invested 30 million dollars with Morgan. Don’t say that the Internet industry is growing fast, and so are traditional industries. It’s normal to double a year when you just started your business in the middle and early stages, and it’s normal to triple a year. When you are small, it belongs to this stage.

Q: Why India? You went in when Grab was valued at $2 billion. Why are emerging market funds focusing on India now?

Ying Wei:At that time, we seized this opportunity. However, the population of Southeast Asia is scattered. When we visited India from Southeast Asia, we felt that the Indian market was earlier. First, if you look at the per capita GDP, you can see that most countries in Southeast Asia have surpassed India. If you look at Indonesia, it is almost $4,000. We first invested in Vietnam. Indonesia invested in France like this, and then slowly transferred to India. The Indian market has several characteristics: first, rapid development; Second, there is a huge market and great potential. We first invested in Grab, and we mainly saw the valuation difference, which increased. Looking back at India, this gap may be bigger, but India is more complicated. So that place needs to be studied. We studied it for more than two years and didn’t invest a penny.

Q: When did you start voting again?

Ying Wei:It started in May last year. We invested in love recycling in China, and they wanted to invest in a Cashify in India, so we followed suit.

Q: In your opinion, what is the difference between China entrepreneurs and Indian entrepreneurs?

Ying Wei:The Indian is very clever. After he walked around China, he learned all the apps, and he learned them better than us. For example, like this Indian Cashify, he set up a place in the shopping mall to sell mobile phone cases and mobile phone accessories. The goods from Yiwu are very cheap. He said that I can earn my rent back by selling mobile phones and recommending these spare parts.

When you go to India to see it, it is exactly the same as ours. If you learn this, you will have an innovation. They are interesting and smart.

We went there to contact a small fund, and at first glance, we used to be the local head of Citibank, which was very high-level, and it was the same in the United States. They became CEOs and we became engineers, starting with that generation. When I went to India to meet them more than two years ago, I asked him a question. You are all heads of investment banks. Why did you all quit your jobs and go back to start businesses? Their answer is that, just like you in Chinese, we gave up the high salary and started our own business.

Q: Yes, and their international vision is better than ours, and they started internationalization very early. 、

Ying Wei:Yes Moreover, the ability of ToB is better than ours. We also watched some of them, but we didn’t dare to vote because it was strong, so we didn’t dare to vote. What we can understand is consumption, so the projects we invest in are all related to the big consumer Internet. We see these things better than he does. So the American fund, I think its advantages are, look at the front end. We also have our experience. Ten years earlier, this piece of toC was developed by us.

Pay attention to consumption, that’s for sure. It’s a very interesting phenomenon that you go to Indian shopping malls to see brands. I just said that it has developed by leaps and bounds, and its brand is different from ours. Now it is said that online and offline are developing at the same time, so in fact, if you catch the online, you will catch the offline, so you basically start to move in this direction. Jumping, I just said to pay credit cards, and his credit cards are basically not available. There is no meeting in Africa. What will happen to it? Will go online.

Investing overseas cannot be simply done by traditional investment logic, so I just said that we have the ability to reduce the dimension and strike, but at the same time we must have Indian characteristics and find out its development stage.

"If all Indian companies copy China’s model, they will not succeed. Isn’t it the same as our copy American company? "

Q: Now a group of investors from China are going to India. Is it a little late?

Ying Wei:Not too late. I think so, that is, it is a little late to know India, but it is not too late to invest now. It took us three years to know each other. Investment, we started to invest in May last year. But it does take a process to get to know India.

Whether that place is ok or not depends on the data. Look at the index of FDI, it is already the tenth, and its growth rate has surpassed that of China, and it surpassed that of China two years ago. China’s reform and opening up really started when FDI surpassed that of the United States. There is also the growth rate of foreign direct investment, which is very important. It means that the whole world wants to vote for him. You see what he said, too. They all said that they wanted your money to come in.

I don’t think it’s too late, it’s not too late at all, it’s time. But it takes time for you to enter a strange country, do research and get to know it.

Q: What is the logic of your investment in India?

Ying Wei:We are now investing in projects ranging from 3 million to 5 million, together with Indian funds, to invest in small enterprises. There have indeed been some changes in the thinking here. Why?

We use China’s model to compare, but what we really want to study is that he is different from China’s, and at which point he is different from China. This difference from China is what we want to vote for.

If it copy China’s model, it will be unsuccessful. Otherwise, it will be the same as our copy American company. How can you copy that all the successes in the United States are improvements and even revolutions in this respect? This mode has just started to use it, and then change the mode. We studied it for a while, and thought it was almost enough. We started to invest in three early projects, all of which were led by us.

Therefore, in the China Fund invested in India, our ecology has been formed. Three years ago, when it came to CDH, Indians didn’t know anyone. In the past three years, we have made a reputation, and many invested enterprises have begun to know our strength through our reception in China.

Q: But China investors who invest in Indian projects now have a feeling that Indian projects are too expensive now.

Ying Wei:In 14 and 15 years, when the valuation was the highest, the Internet just started. But in fact, in 17 years, the valuation began again. Internet companies all rely on burning money, but how long can it last? When the big organization goes in, will it keep burning for you? Some companies whose valuations have been carried up can’t stick to it and come down. Keep the efficient ones and get rid of the ineffective ones. As a result, everyone began to pay more attention to cash flow and start to burn less money. I think most companies have to go this process. We have also seen that some of them have already achieved results, such as Wal-Mart’s acquisition of Flipkart.

Amazon China has failed, and it can’t fail in India. It claims that it will cost 3 billion dollars to burn every year, so most people can’t afford it, right? So the valuation began to go down, which is one aspect.

Second, some new models, such as social e-commerce and Pinduoduo, were not valued at first, so we started to support them. When it comes to round B, we have much more choices. Therefore, in the A round, it is mainly up to us to study.

However, the way we value the Internet in China is effective. What is high and low cost, and how long it takes to burn money, are the basis of our crackdown on dimensionality reduction. This kind of thing has been verified in China, and there is no market for it. I think the investment (opportunity) has passed. If there is an opportunity in China, there are still some opportunities in the industrial Internet.

But our experience in consuming the Internet is very popular in India. Of course, I just said that we must integrate into the characteristics of India and grasp its characteristics and differences.

"China funds have an advantage over American funds in India."

Q: There are other factors, because frankly speaking, this exit is still not perfect, and most of them are still through mergers and acquisitions. How should we always look at this aspect?

Ying Wei:I think there are two aspects, one is what I said at the meeting, that is, Indians don’t know the structure of red chips, which surprised me, but there are many legal problems. CDH’s red-chip structure in China is the earliest, and we are the oldest in the fund. For example, Belle’s listing and Mengniu’s listing are the earliest red-chip structures.

Therefore, the enterprises we invest in now basically need to teach them to make a red-chip structure. For example, if we want to list in Singapore in the future, we will make a Singapore structure. We are also simple and will not lose. In addition, we began to study Indian companies listed in the United States, and the first edition of the report was published. There are many channels for us to quit. To create channels.

In addition, some Indian enterprises have high valuations, and they are as illiquid as in the early days of China, which is exactly the same story. So, some investments are sold by the next round of financing, or I will sell them in the next round and quit, right? Sell it to other investment institutions. The six projects we have invested in will have the next round of financing in the coming year.

Q: You should always talk about the projects you invested in. I think they are quite good enterprises, because there are actually quite a few entrepreneurs going out to sea in China. They go to India and make short videos in various tracks. So I think you have also invested in some entrepreneurs going out to sea. In your opinion, if entrepreneurs going out to sea are compared with local entrepreneurs, how should they look at their own advantages and disadvantages?

It’s only two o’clock on the other side of the sea The biggest advantage of entrepreneurs at sea is the supply chain in China. India now, as I just said, the supply chain is not perfect. Second, when we look at the team, we must have local partners. When you see the sea, I must ask you to have a local partner, a combination of China and India, which is basically everything we have invested.

Therefore, the local market is not as clear as the local people. When you need help, it must be a local partner, and the supply chain must be strong in Chinese, so combine it.

In addition, it is gratifying that many China’s post-80s and post-90s generation are turtles, and the rich second generation have also started their own businesses in India.

Q: Yes, we stayed in Bangalore for about two or three years. In the past, there was basically no Chinese when we went there, but now it is very large. On the other hand, a fund like China is equivalent to going out to sea, right? We used to invest in China, but now we are investing in the world. Compared with other American funds, for example, what are our advantages and disadvantages now?

Ying Wei:At present, funds in China have more advantages than those in the United States. In fact, I already said at the meeting. First, the stage in other places is very similar to that in ours. The development of the Internet in the United States has been transformed now, because the market is different and the population development stage is different. When the Internet was available in the United States, the per capita GDP was already more than 40,000 US dollars, and now it is 50,000 to 60,000 US dollars.

But China is bitter, just like India. Therefore, it makes sense for Indians to learn from us in this market. Look at Paytm. After Ali received it, he sent 200 engineers. They also sent two hundred Indians to Hangzhou to learn from each other. I think this is very different from us and the United States. Everything in India is similar to ours. E-commerce consumption is driven by the demographic dividend, so we look at the Indian market with the development law of China in the past ten years and the development law of the Internet. This is called a dimension reduction blow.

Q: What do you think are the main challenges? Because you just said that some people are biased against the Indian market, but in India, in fact, some media may have some negative reports on China’s investment, which you must have seen.

Ying Wei:All these big institutions, including all local investment banks, are very welcome. All entrepreneurs are very welcome. This is also different from what we originally imagined in China. It is very friendly. Of course, he saw our money. So I think it’s nothing. Therefore, the biggest challenge to us is ourselves.

What I said just now is whether we can realize that we can use China’s ability to reduce the dimension and strike. We have all seen the Internet in the 1980s and 1990s, and they all use the Internet as a tool, so it is easy to understand. The business model can be understood, but whether we can see the difference in India requires insight. We always say that interlacing is like a mountain. Can we find that reason? In fact, the reason is his change and finding the difference in India, so this is the most difficult thing.

Our team requires that I always make a thorough analysis of our industry, export e-commerce industry or social e-commerce industry, and then go to see him, mainly asking him about the difference. The difference is that we are going to (explore), which is the biggest problem we invest.

Every country has different places, and that different place will have an impact on my investment. So this is our biggest problem. We can’t see this difference, or there is no localization. The reason why CDH said (success), you see, few of the foreign investors were successful. Those who went to China to do PE were localized. For example, Sequoia used Shen Nanpeng, and IDG used Xiong Xiaoge because of these people. We are the same. Let’s see if we can find out that feature and compare it with the characteristics of China, and (let’s go) find Indian characteristics.

(Originally published in "Zhixiang. com" WeChat official account: passagegroup)

Our reporter Wang Yao

There is a warmth called home, a happiness called reunion, and a taste called New Year’s Eve. Chinese’s New Year’s Eve is not only a symbol of reunion and affection, but also a unique cultural heritage. As the grandest and richest meal in a year, it is constantly changing its flavor. In the 1950s, materials were scarce, and everything was a "luxury"; In the 60 s and 70 s, you could eat chocolate, bitter is sweet, etc. In 1980s and 1990s, chickens, ducks and fish gradually appeared on the table. In the 21st century, chefs even come home to customize the New Year’s Eve dinner … People of every era have their own characteristics, and people of different ages have different tastes in their memories.

Fifties: satiety is the greatest satisfaction.

In 1950, the first Spring Festival in New China was ushered in. Because the country is in a hurry, it is people’s greatest satisfaction to have enough to eat. Only during the Chinese New Year, state-owned retail stores, cooperatives, public-private joint-venture food stores and other places that have something to sell really feel the goods are on hand, and they are full of customers.

New Year’s Eve in the 1950s

Traditional cakes, rice cakes and dried fruits are all "luxury goods", and every household can only afford a little. In the early 1950s, pork, beef, mutton, and various fresh fish and local products were specially provided for the Spring Festival, and the quantity was very limited. "At that time, most people’s staple food was cornmeal with wild vegetables or grass roots. It was a luxury to eat a lump of meat, let alone candy." Zhang Xiaolin, 79 years old, once heard from her father that life was too difficult at that time. Coupled with natural disasters, the New Year’s Eve dinner was not as beautiful as it is now, but a spoonful of radish and an egg can simply be regarded as Chinese New Year.

The scene of posting Spring Festival couplets in the 1950s.

At that time, the New Year’s Eve dinner was the best meal of the year. In order to have a hearty New Year’s Eve dinner, people had to run for chickens, ducks and fish. "When I was a child, I was most looking forward to the New Year. Only in the New Year can you eat a full meal of rice, as well as jiaozi and pork. " Ms. Liu, born in 1958, said that at that time, the supply of materials was relatively scarce. At ordinary times, housewives were very tight and refused to use a drop of oil. During the Chinese New Year, it seemed to be generous at once. There were braised fish and delicious rice at the New Year’s Eve, which were rare at ordinary times.

At that time, the New Year’s Eve dinner was particularly interesting.

"Even so, I think it was particularly interesting at that time." Zhang Xiaolin said, in my impression, people with a little culture help us write Spring Festival couplets. Although they are not calligraphers, they are unambiguous. In the era when there was no Spring Festival party, after dinner, children could be seen everywhere in the streets and open spaces. They rolled iron rings, smoked gyroscopes, kicked shuttlecocks and jumped rubber bands. Even if there was nothing, the once simple life was also a kind of happiness.

Sixties and seventies: supply by ticket

In the 1960s, the Spring Festival was a great opportunity to "relieve the craving", and the diligent housewives made the New Year’s Eve dinner with ingenuity. Most families are vegetarian-oriented, and those with better conditions have good meat and vegetables at the table. At that time, the quantity of meat, fish, eggs, sugar, etc. was small and the supply was limited, so people had to queue up to buy them by ticket.

"At that time, you can’t have money. You need two or two food stamps to buy a bun. All the items are rationed by the weight of the person. It is impossible for you to buy more." Aunt Pan, who lives in Hongxing Village, told the reporter that if you want to buy enough food during the holidays, you should go to the food company to queue up early, especially if there are few food stamps in rural areas. Whoever can get a few pounds of meat stamps and sugar tickets will have a rich year. "At that time, the dishes at the dinner table had to be clamped by adults before the children could move chopsticks. Because of their young age, it was also a happy thing to put on the’ new clothes’ that my brother had patched."

In the 1960s, Bao jiaozi celebrated the Spring Festival.

In the 1970s, it was still an era of ticket supply. A month and a half of eggs, three ounces of oil and dozens of kilograms of grain were planned for the whole family. In this era, the New Year’s Eve dinner is not only a time for family reunion in a year, but also some food that can’t be eaten at ordinary times will be served on the table, but preparing these dishes is a "war" for housewives. During the Spring Festival, in order to get a rich annual meal, people must "get up early and get greedy for the dark" to snap up, and then make a rich dinner from the "snapped up" dishes, watch the Spring Festival Gala and have a lively New Year.

New Year’s Eve dinner in the 1970s

In the late 1970s, liquor, chocolate, biscuits, cakes and sweets began to appear in the market. "At that time, eating a piece of candy can make you happy all day." Liu Ming, who introduced to reporters while visiting the vegetable market, said happily that only after experiencing the hardships of that era can we appreciate the happiness of this era.

80′ s and 90′ s: Chicken, duck and fish play the leading role.

In the 1980s, food stamps gradually faded out of people’s lives, and Chinese New Year’s meals were correspondingly abundant. In the twelfth lunar month, sausages and bacon almost occupy the windowsill of every household. "Although the economic conditions are not like now, sausages and bacon are indispensable foods for New Year’s Eve." Yin Xiulan, 54, recalled that in those days, making sausages and smoked bacon together was a sense of ceremony for the New Year.

New Year’s Eve in the 1980s

With the advancement of reform and opening up, it is no longer difficult to eat enough. From then on, the New Year’s Eve dinner on the table began to change obviously. Chicken, duck and fish became the highlight, and we also went to the market to buy some roast chicken and pickled fish that we were reluctant to buy. Some families are still busy preparing family dinners, but there are also plans to save trouble, buy semi-finished family packages and go home for simple processing. In jiaozi, some people don’t pack it, so they just buy frozen jiaozi or ready-made dumpling wrappers. Big fish and big meat on the New Year’s Eve dinner became commonplace in the 1990s, and seafood such as crabs and shrimps began to appear.

Compared with delicious food, Mr. Luo prefers the excitement of the family setting off firecrackers when eating New Year’s Eve. "Before eating, the adults hung firecrackers on the tree in front of the door. We hid behind the adults. After the firecrackers were released, the adults began to distribute red envelopes and then came to the table one after another." Mr. Luo told reporters that when I was a child, I was looking forward to the Chinese New Year. The firecrackers pinned people’s expectations for a better life and also reflected that the sense of ritual was gradually valued in life.

21st century: Eat healthy and invite a chef.

After entering the 21st century, everyone’s life is getting better and better, but their work is getting busier and busier, and their usual contact time is getting less and less. The annual New Year’s Eve dinner has become the best opportunity for relatives and friends to get together. After dinner, talk about the dribs and drabs of work and life, and look forward to the goals for the coming year. Everyone encourages each other and is happy.

Today’s New Year’s Eve dinner is rich and varied.

High-rise buildings stand tall, the streets become wider and wider, there are more and more vehicles, the earthen stoves are gradually decreasing, and the fog rising from the cauldron disappears from people’s sight year by year. In addition, the traditional form of family banquet has also been challenged. By the end of the 1990s, it became a trend for a family to go to a restaurant for "New Year’s Eve", which can not only have a good meal, but also save the trouble of washing dishes and washing dishes. Why not? "The cost of buying food to make a big table is similar to the amount spent in restaurants. It is also a pleasure for the family to go around after dinner." Wang Li, a citizen, told reporters that at first, because her parents were old, she chose to eat out when she wanted to worry about it. After a few years, it became the "tradition" of their family and took turns to do it every year.

No matter what age, it is the meaning of the Spring Festival to have a family reunion dinner.

In recent years, it is nothing new for a large family to "eat out". Many hotels also cater to the market and offer "New Year’s Eve" on-site service. Citizens can also "order" the New Year’s Eve dinner at home, invite the hotel chef to deliver it to the door or simply invite the chef to do it at home, which is convenient and enjoys the warm atmosphere of welcoming the New Year at home.

In addition, online shopping "semi-finished New Year’s Eve" has become the new favorite of "online shoppers" after the 1980s and 1990s. The so-called "semi-finished New Year’s Eve" means that the dishes are processed by the seller in advance until they are 70-80% mature, then the raw materials are mixed and packaged, and then they are sold together with the "cooking instructions". Just refer to the instructions and put them in a microwave oven or pot for simple processing. Even people who can’t cook at all can cook a delicious meal.

The year 2008 is a family holiday, the New Year’s Eve, and a year-end feast of reunion. Everyone has memories of New Year’s Eve: every New Year’s Eve, there are always plenty of fish, good luck of chickens, family reunion of meatballs, and even older friends of jiaozi … No matter how the year goes, how the form and dishes of the New Year’s Eve have changed, the New Year’s Eve records the changes of the years and entrusts people with their ardent hope and pursuit for a better life. This moment is always the happiest time of the year.

Some pictures come from the Internet.

Original title: "How many kinds of New Year’s Eve dinners have you eaten? 》

Read the original text

"On the original private teachers and original substitute teachers to issue subsidies for living difficulties" has been approved by the provincial people’s government, and are hereby printed and distributed to you, please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation.

Education Department of Guangdong　　　　 Guangdong Provincial Finance Department

　

guangdong provincial department of human resources and social security　　 Guangdong Provincial Health and Wellness Committee

2018yeartwelvemoon21sun

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

About the original private teachers and original substitute teachers.

Work plan of living hardship allowance

　

The former private teachers and the former substitute teachers (hereinafter referred to as the former private substitute teachers) are important components of the primary and secondary school teachers formed under specific historical conditions. Under very difficult conditions, they are loyal to the party’s education and conscientiously serve the people’s education, making positive contributions to the development of basic education in our province. In order to implement the relevant deployment requirements of the provincial party Committee and the provincial government,Properly solve the life difficulties of the original private substitute teachers,Combined with the reality of our province,Put forward the following scheme.

I. Work objectives

In view of the actual situation of the original private substitute teachers in our province, to meet the requirements of men over the age of60One-year-old, female55One-year-old former private substitute teachers give subsidies for living difficulties.

Second, the basic principles

(a) adhere to the principle of compliance with the law.According to the relevant laws, regulations, rules and policies, make clear the scope, conditions, working procedures and requirements of the recipients of living difficulties subsidies..

(2) Adhere to the principle of problem orientation.In view of the problems of the original private substitute teachers,Grant subsidies for living difficulties to qualified original private substitute teachers..

(three) adhere to the principle of convergence with the original policy.The policy measures are connected with the previous policies of our province to solve the original private substitute teachers.

(four) adhere to the principle of territoriality.Province to formulate a unified policy, the specific implementation work in accordance with the“Territorial dominance"In principle, the municipal and county people’s governments shall be responsible.

(5) Adhere to the principle of only decreasing without increasing.On the basis of the self-examination and audit of the original private substitute teachers, the list of the original private substitute teachers and the total number of personnel will be solidified, and according to the natural attrition of personnel, it will only be reduced rather than increased.

Third, the object of subsidy payment

The following persons are not included in the scope of payment of subsidies for living difficulties:

1.The original private teachers who are included in the plan to leave their posts and retire;

3.Persons with criminal records and those who have been dismissed, dismissed or terminated their employment contracts due to violation of national laws, regulations, rules and policies during their teaching.

Meet the conditions of the original private substitute teachers, according to the cumulative teaching term, each2Last semester is regarded asoneYears. The remainder of the total number of working years isoneFor the semester, pressoneAnnual calculation. The working years will not be adjusted after the self-examination and audit of the original private substitute teachers are approved.

Work experience exceeds30Year, monthly subsidy per person.900Yuan; working life20-29Year, monthly subsidy per person.eight hundredYuan; working life10-19Year, monthly subsidy per person.seven hundredYuan; working life1-9In 2000, the municipalities gave appropriate subsidies, the specific standards were formulated by the municipalities, and the required funds were raised by the cities and counties themselves. In the future, the subsidy standard will be dynamically adjusted according to the social and economic development.

Five, the calculation time

(a) in line with the conditions of the original private substitute teachers2017yeartwelvemoon31sunBefore (including)Male over age60One-year-old, female55one full year of lifeYes, from2018yearoneThe allowance for living difficulties is calculated and paid from January, and it will not be reissued in previous years.

(two) in line with the conditions of the original private substitute teachers.2018yearonemoononesunReach after (inclusive)Male over age60One-year-old, female55one full year of lifeYes, fromMale over age60One-year-old, female55one full year of lifeStarting from next month, the subsidy for living difficulties will be distributed.

(three) living difficulties subsidies to meet the conditions of the original private substitute teacher died in the month.

Shantou City, Shaoguan City, Heyuan City, Meizhou City, Huizhou City, Shanwei City, Yangjiang City, Zhanjiang City, Maoming City, Zhaoqing City, Qingyuan City, Chaozhou City, Jieyang City, Yunfu City, and enping city City, Kaiping City and Taishan City of Jiangmen City, by provinces and cities.5:5The proportion of grading burden required funds. The funds needed in other areas shall be borne by the local government, and the proportion of cities and counties shall be determined by the local municipal people’s government.

The distribution methods and channels of subsidies for the living difficulties of qualified former private substitute teachers shall be determined by the people’s governments of counties (cities, districts).

VII. Working Procedures

(1) Application.The qualified original private substitute teacher himself applies at the current domicile. Villages and towns (streets) should designate special departments and special personnel to handle them. According to Guangdong teachers [2016〕11No. and Guangdong teacher [2017〕sixSelf-examination and audit of the original private substitute teachers, and notice that the male has reached the age of one year.60One-year-old, female55One-year-old local registered original private substitute teachers, holding their ID cards and household registration books and other valid documents, receive and fill out the application form for subsidies for living difficulties of original private substitute teachers in Guangdong Province in triplicate (hereinafter referred to as the "application form", annex)one）。 All localities should2019yearonemoon31the other dayNotify a man that he has reached the age of 1860One-year-old, female55One full year of life (the deadline for age calculation is2018yeartwelvemoon31sun) of the original private substitute teachers to complete the first personal application, and thereafter every year.threemoon31Notice the current year a few days agoMale over age60One-year-old, female55one full year of lifeThe original private substitute teacher completed the personal application.

(2) preliminary examination.Township (street) after receiving the "application form" and related materials, infiveConduct a preliminary examination of whether the applicant meets the requirements within working days, and report the list of personnel and the Application Form passed in the preliminary examination to the education department of the county-level or prefecture-level city without districts. Towns (streets) should be in2019year2moon28the other dayComplete the first trial, and then every year.fourmoon15The preliminary examination was completed a few days ago.

(3) review.The education department of a prefecture-level city at the county level or not divided into districts shall, after receiving the list of the first-instance personnel of a township (street), examine whether the applicant meets the subsidy conditions, working years, subsidy standards, subsidy amount, etc. jointly with the departments of finance, human society and health care, and put forward the examination opinions. Education, finance, human society, health and other departments of prefecture-level cities at the county level or without districts should2019yearthreemoon15the other dayComplete the first audit, and then every yearfourmoon30The audit was completed a few days ago and the audit opinions were put forward.

(4) publicity.The departments of education, finance, human society, health and health of prefecture-level cities at county level or not divided into districts shall post the list of approved personnel in the education departments of prefecture-level cities at county level or not divided into districts, township central schools (institutions exercising the functions of township education management) and village committees.fiveWorking days, at the same time in the county or prefecture-level city government portal publicity.fiveWorking days, widely accepted social supervision. Education, finance, human society, health and other departments of prefecture-level cities at the county level or without districts should2019yearthreemoon31the other dayComplete the publicity, and thereafter every year.fivemoon15A few days ago, the publicity of all those who met the subsidy conditions in that year was completed.

(5) confirmation.After publicity without objection, the education, finance, human society, health and other departments of county-level or prefecture-level cities without districts will confirm the list of personnel and establish and improve the annual "____County (city, district) original private substitute teachers living difficulties subsidy object list "____County (city, district) original private substitute teachers living difficulties subsidy object increase or decrease table "and"____Counties (cities, districts) of the original private substitute teachers living difficulties subsidies for the number of objects summary table "(Annex2、three、four), at the same timefiveWithin working days, submit the form stamped and confirmed by the relevant departments to the municipal education, finance, human society and health departments for review.

(6)Review.Municipal education, finance, human society, health and health departments to review, summarize and archive the relevant materials submitted by various departments at the county level, and fill in the "____Summary of the number of recipients of subsidies for the living difficulties of the original private substitute teachers in the city (annexfive), and report to the Provincial Department of Education, the Provincial Department of Finance, the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, and the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee for the record.

(7) disbursement.The provincial and municipal finance departments shall, according to the situation of qualified original private substitute teachers, subsidy standards and sharing ratio after review, reach the county-level finance under the required subsidy funds, and the county-level finance department shall be responsible for timely allocating the provincial, municipal and county subsidy funds to the issuing units. All localities should complete the allocation within one month after the provincial and municipal finance issues funds every year.

(8) distribution.After receiving the subsidy funds, each distributing unit will promptly distribute the subsidy funds for living difficulties directly to the qualified personal accounts of the original private substitute teachers. Each distribution unit shall complete the distribution work within one month after receiving the subsidy funds every year.

All relevant departments should strictly control. The education department is responsible for the examination and review of the applicant’s identity and working years, and the education, finance, human society, health and health departments jointly examine and review whether they meet the subsidy conditions, subsidy standards and subsidy amount. The township (street) is responsible for the application and preliminary examination of the original private substitute teachers.

In order to avoid the change of the object of payment of living difficulties subsidies or the fraudulent use of subsidies by others after death, all localities should establish a qualification examination mechanism for receiving living difficulties subsidies, and check the relevant situation of recipients through various effective ways such as on-site qualification examination, comparison with household registration information of public security departments, enrollment information of social insurance agencies, and population information of health and health departments.

Eight,job requirement

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership.Local people’s governments at all levels should attach great importance to it, do a good job in this work from the overall situation of maintaining social stability, coordinate and lead the education, finance, human society, health and other departments to strengthen organization and implementation, closely cooperate and promote in coordination, and earnestly implement the concern of the provincial party Committee and the provincial government for the vast number of former private substitute teachers. While implementing the subsidies for the living difficulties of qualified former private substitute teachers, all localities and cities should make overall consideration of the protection of the treatment of former private teachers who have left their posts and retired, and adjust their relevant treatment standards appropriately according to the level of economic and social development in the region.

(two) the implementation of work responsibilities.The education department should strengthen the examination and confirmation of the identity and working years of the original private substitute teachers to ensure that the qualified original private substitute teachers are true and accurate; The financial department should do a good job in the accounting and financing of subsidy funds, and timely allocate subsidy funds in place; The human resources and social security departments and their social security agencies should provide the insured status of personnel in a timely manner; The health department should strengthen the audit of the implementation of family planning by the original private substitute teachers; Supervision, auditing, maintaining stability, online information, letters and visits, public security, national security and other relevant departments should cooperate with each other to ensure the smooth implementation of the work. Municipalities should promptly formulate working years below.10Subsidy standards and work plans for people under years old; City, county (city, district) to raise funds needed for the payment of difficult subsidies in a timely manner; Villages and towns (streets) should be equipped with principled, familiar with policies and serious and responsible staff, and timely complete the preliminary examination of local qualified original private substitute teachers.

(3) Timely distribution in place.The people’s governments of counties (cities, districts) or prefecture-level cities not divided into districts shall, in accordance with the requirements, formulate payment methods in a timely manner, refine and clarify the payment methods, distribution channels, distribution units, payment requirements, etc., and ensure that the subsidy funds for living difficulties are paid in full and on time to the qualified original private substitute teachers.

(4) Strengthen fund management.Departments of finance, education, human society and health care at all levels should standardize capital expenditure procedures in accordance with relevant national and provincial laws, regulations and systems, strengthen supervision and inspection on the management and use of funds, establish an accountability mechanism for fund tracking, and ensure earmarking. The Provincial Department of Education, the Provincial Department of Finance, the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, and the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee will conduct irregular spot checks on the management and use of funds in various places.

(5) Strict policy discipline.all/different levelsplaceThe government and relevant departments should strictly follow the relevant policy requirements, standardize operations and strengthen supervision. For those who cheat the subsidy funds by falsely claiming, practicing fraud, engaging in malpractices for selfish ends, once verified, they will be disqualified from enjoying the subsidy for living difficulties, and the relevant subsidy funds will be recovered. At the same time, the responsibility of the responsible person will be seriously investigated in accordance with the relevant provisions; Anyone suspected of violating the law and discipline shall be handed over to the relevant authorities for investigation and punishment according to the law.

(6)Ensure social stability.City, county (city, district) people’s government is the main body responsible for the implementation of the original private substitute teachers in our province to pay subsidies for living difficulties and ensure the stability of the original private teachers. “Territorial management and hierarchical responsibility"and“Who is in charge and who is in charge?"The principle of establishing a hierarchical responsibility system for maintaining stability, so as to grasp the first level and be responsible for the first level, consolidate the responsibility of maintaining stability at the grassroots level, formulate and improve the work plan, establish an emergency response mechanism, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stability.

This "Work Plan" is from2019yearonemoon21RiqiImplementation, effective as of the date of implementationfiveYears.

　

Attachment:1.Application Form for Subsidy for Living Difficulties of Former Private Substitute Teachers in Guangdong Province

　　　　2.____County (city, district) original private substitute teachers living difficulties subsidies.List of distribution targets

3.____County (city, district) original private substitute teachers living difficulties subsidies.Table of Increase and Decrease of Distribution Objects

4.____County (city, district) original private substitute teachers living difficulties subsidies.Summary of the number of distribution targets

5.____The original private substitute teachers in the city are granted subsidies for living difficulties.Summary of number of people

　　People’s Daily Online, Beijing, July 5 (Reporter Sun Hongli) According to the news from official website, National Medical Products Administration, the 2021 Drug Review Report shows that the breakthrough therapeutic drug procedures, conditional approval procedures, priority review and approval procedures, and special approval procedures, and four "fast tracks" help accelerate drug research and development and listing. In addition, in 2021, a historic breakthrough was made in the registration and evaluation of innovative drugs.

　　A batch of drugs urgently needed in clinic entered the "fast track"

　　In 2021, a number of drugs urgently needed in clinic entered the "fast track".

　　The 2021 Annual Drug Review Report showed that 53 applications (41 varieties) were included in the breakthrough therapeutic drug program, covering diseases caused by infection in novel coronavirus, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer and other indications. 115 applications for registration (69 varieties) were included in the priority review and approval procedures, including 41 drugs with conditional approval and 34 new varieties, dosage forms and specifications of drugs for children that meet children’s physiological characteristics. In addition, 81 applications for registration included in the special examination and approval procedures were concluded throughout the year, all of which were vaccines and therapeutic drugs from Covid-19.

　　In 2021, 47 innovative drugs were approved.

　　In 2021, 47 innovative drugs were approved, reaching a record high. The 2021 Drug Review Report shows that 1,886 applications for registration of innovative drugs (998 varieties) were accepted in the whole year, up by 76.10% year-on-year; 1,744 applications for registration of innovative drugs (943 varieties) were concluded, with a year-on-year increase of 67.85%. The number of applications for registration of innovative drugs and the number of applications concluded reached a new high in nearly five years.

　　National Medical Products Administration said that the refreshing of the data for the registration and review of innovative drugs reflected the continuous deepening of the reform of the drug review and approval system, encouraged the continuous overweight of the innovation policy dividend, and further improved the review ability and efficiency. In 2021, the number of drug registration applications accepted and concluded increased by 13.79% and 19.55% year-on-year, and the overall time-limited conclusion rate reached 98.93%. Moreover, the time-limited conclusion rate of new drug listing permit applications and registration applications included in priority review and approval procedures exceeded 90%, which made a historic breakthrough and accelerated the listing of new drugs and good drugs.

　　Continue to deepen the reform of drug review and approval system

　　National Medical Products Administration pointed out that with the globalization of new drug R&D and innovation increasing, "global new" drugs such as new mechanisms and new targets are gradually increasing, and the challenges and pressures of innovative products on evaluation ability have become increasingly prominent.

　　In 2022, National Medical Products Administration will continue to deepen the reform of the drug review and approval system, support and encourage enterprises to innovate in new technologies, new targets and new mechanisms of modern medicine, and promote the solution of the "stuck neck" problem of industrial innovation and development; Insist on encouraging clinical value-oriented research and development innovation of new and good drugs, drugs for rare diseases, drugs for major infectious diseases, and drugs urgently needed in public health; Refine and optimize the approval procedures for breakthrough therapeutic drugs, conditional approval and priority review, and promote the high-quality development of drugs; Support the research and innovation of children’s medication to meet clinical needs, and improve the safety and accessibility of children’s medication.

　　Cctv newsAccording to the website of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics, on November 15th, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics released "Data of Main Indicators of Beijing Economy from January to October".　　

　　1. Industrial production

　　From January to October, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size in the city was calculated at comparable prices, with a year-on-year increase of 5.8%. Among the key industries, pharmaceutical manufacturing increased by 18.8%, computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing increased by 17.5%, and automobile manufacturing decreased by 2.6%. High-end manufacturing led industrial development, with high-tech manufacturing and strategic emerging industries increasing by 16.2% and 13.5% respectively.

　　Cumulative growth rate of added value of industrial enterprises above designated size since 2015 (%)

　　2. Investment in fixed assets

　　From January to October, the city’s total investment in fixed assets was 695.56 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.2%. Among them, infrastructure investment was 222.47 billion yuan, an increase of 25.9%; The investment in real estate development was 295.99 billion yuan, down by 8.4%.

　　In terms of industries, the primary industry completed an investment of 7.21 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5%; The investment in the secondary industry was 64.7 billion yuan, an increase of 17.8%; The tertiary industry completed investment of 623.65 billion yuan, an increase of 2.9%. Among them, investment in leasing and business services, information transmission, software and information technology services increased by 1.4 times and 63% respectively.

　　Cumulative growth rate of fixed assets investment in the whole society since 2015 (%)

　　3. Real estate development and sales

　　At the end of October, the construction area of commercial housing in the city was 118.392 million square meters, down 6.9% year-on-year; Among them, the residential construction area was 51.063 million square meters, down by 11.9%. The sales area of commercial housing was 6.073 million square meters, down by 51.4%; Among them, the residential sales area was 4.028 million square meters, down 44.4%.

　　Cumulative growth rate of new residential sales area since 2015 (%)

　　4. Market consumption

　　From January to October, the city’s total market consumption reached 1,969.82 billion yuan, up 8.5% year-on-year. From the perspective of service consumption, the realized consumption was 1,044.48 billion yuan, an increase of 11.6%; Among them, the consumption of medical care, transportation and communication, education, culture and entertainment increased by 16.1%, 12.2% and 11.5% respectively. From the perspective of commodity consumption, the total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 925.34 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1%; By commodity category, household appliances and audio-visual equipment increased by 17.8%, cultural office supplies increased by 14.4%, and automobiles increased by 4%, among which new energy vehicles increased by 32.5%.

　　Cumulative growth rate of total retail sales of social consumer goods since 2015 (%)

　　5. Price

　　From January to October, the total consumer price level of the city increased by 1.9% year-on-year. Among them, food prices fell by 0.6% and non-food prices rose by 2.3%; The price of consumer goods was flat, and the price of service items rose by 4.7%. In October, the overall consumer price level in the city rose by 1.8% year-on-year and 0.3% quarter-on-quarter.

　　Year-on-year increase and decrease of consumer prices in Beijing since 2015 (%)

　　From January to October, the ex-factory price and purchase price of industrial producers in the city increased by 0.8% and 4.9% respectively. In October, the ex-factory price and purchase price of industrial producers rose by 0.4% and 3.7% respectively year-on-year, which was flat and rose by 0.7% respectively.

　　Year-on-year increase and decrease of ex-factory and purchase prices of industrial producers in Beijing since 2015 (%)

An exclusive interview with Xiaoxing Yi, the beast

　 　 Special feature of 1905 film network　"Unexpectedly, the world is really wonderful … …” In the world of online drama, Xiaoxing Yi, the beast, takes a leading position, and this magical theme song is also popular in dormitory offices of various schools. At the end of 2015, there was a brand-new theme song: "The King asked me to patrol the mountains and catch a monk for dinner … …” In this era when everyone wants to vomit at the mention of "IP", it is simply a historical necessity to call the beast a film director.

　 　 Back in 2013, Xiaoxing Yi directed the mini-series comedy "Never Imagine", and the deadpan diaosi Wang Dachui laughed over hundreds of millions of netizens. Now Xiaoxing Yi has embarked on his journey to the big screen, with Wang Dachui and, of course, diaosi distress in the online drama, and his beloved secondary subculture.

　 　 Wang Dachui in the online drama is a miracle whose acting skills only depend on facial paralysis. He has a beautiful vision of "becoming a general manager and CEO, marrying Bai Fumei and stepping on the peak of his life", and is endowed with a mediocre character of "thinking" and being "a little excited". Under the packaging of Xiaoxing Yi’s ghost horse, he has become a good partner of urban youth on the subway and at the dinner table. Wei Xiaobao, Rihe animation, animal calling and Ke Bai’s diaosi life experience are mixed, and Wang Dachui’s image is vivid and lovely, which is deeply rooted in people’s hearts. In this New Year’s comedy "Never Imagine", Xiaoxing Yi brought Wang Dachui into the world of The Journey to the West. In order to meet the requirements of the so-called "movie" for the protagonist image of traditional drama, Wang Dachui began to have a heroic dream.

　 　 Every young man who grew up under the influence of mainstream Hollywood blockbusters has a heroic dream to some extent. As a creator who "made his fortune" at the grassroots level, the stories told by Xiaoxing Yi also feel this way more or less. As early as 2006, Xiaoxing Yi, an engineer in a road and bridge company, uploaded his own video explaining the game. Unexpectedly, the click-through rate went up all the way. Later, he edited his own dubbing spoof short film, quit his job and started a business in the north, becoming the first batch of online drama creators to become popular. In this process, Xiaoxing Yi brought the research spirit of a science and engineering otaku to the extreme, taught himself everything from prop lighting to photography and scriptwriting, and now he has finally become a film director, and he has not shown a sense of accomplishment after ten years of cold window.

　 　 The online drama version of "Never Imagine" not only created a large number of online buzzwords, but also the nonsense dubbing and the editing rhythm of ghosts and animals are its signature features that attract many fans. In the movie, Xiaoxing Yi abandoned many elements that were too networked, which actually meant sacrificing a lot of jokes and jokes. In this regard, he didn’t feel sorry, and he didn’t think that from online drama to movies, even if it was an upgrade, it was just that the carrier was different and the aesthetic requirements had to change.

　 　 At an earlier media viewing conference, Xiaoxing Yi said with some humility and fear: I am more nervous about word of mouth than box office. At that time, "Never Imagine" had not set a record of breaking 100 million. However, after a period of roadshows, he was obviously much more practical. The reason is very simple, that is, fans still bought it. As for the opinions of some mainstream critics, Xiaoxing Yi has also done a good job in psychological construction: If you have to compare me with that kind of master, damn it, then I can’t help it.

　 　 Interview record

　 　 1905 Movie Network: How did the image of Wang Dachui, a diaosi, come into being at the early stage of the creation of Never Imagine?

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: The setting of the character Wang Dachui in the online drama is a combination of the characteristics of many ordinary people, such as Wei Xiaobao, whom I like very much, and my own psychological state. Ke Bai himself is also a very homely person. The most convenient and direct way of comedy is to tell the story of the little guy. He has been failing, but he has been full of hope. The setting in the movie will be different. The hero still has the hero in the traditional drama, even if he is a nobody, but he can’t stay in the same place in the end. We should pay attention to the psychological changes and growth process of the characters, and we should complete self-redemption and self-growth in the movie. We are still a nobody, but the ending will be different.

　 　 1905 Movie Network: Ke Bai’s performance this time is still very different from the online drama. I heard that he still has difficulty in getting away from the role several times. Is it because he found his own shadow?

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: Before filming online dramas, it was very simple. One episode was filmed every day, and the performances were routine. Let’s cry, laugh and be expressionless. However, the performance of the film on the screen is still different, and I also helped him get into the characters in an experiential way. He is also talented, and he can get into the characters’ hearts. The scene of being beaten was actually spurned. He started to cry when he was acting, and he was still in the role after calling the card. He cried until he couldn’t breathe, so I arranged for him to cry in an empty corner for more than ten minutes.

　 　 1905 Movie Network: How did you first think of letting him play Wang Dachui?

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: He was the first planner of our company, plus a voice actor. At that time, the company was understaffed, and many plays would make him run away. Even if he played a dead body, he would read the script carefully. When dubbing, some of his facial expressions and limbs were also in place, which made him feel better than the actor he was dubbing, so I tried to get him to play some small roles and put them in place. Later, when I was casting a movie, I arranged for him to audition, and the performance was very good. Although there was pressure from several parties to choose another person at that time, I still insisted on using him.

　 　 1905 Movie Network: Won’t you worry about his professional problems? After all, I’m not from a regular school.

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: I feel very relieved that he has no problem performing on the big screen. He used to perform in Han Han’s studio. Many professional friends said that his performances and lines were very good. Yang Zishan, who was opposite him, was an excellent actor. When you look at them, they don’t have the class sense of a so-called senior actor and a junior actor. They are in the same channel. Yang Zishan didn’t study acting either. Both of them have high talents.

　 　 1905 Movie Network: Why did you design the role of "Friar Sand who loves tears" for yourself?

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: I didn’t really want to play the role of Friar Sand at first. I wanted to find an extra actor to show my face, but there was no suitable one. I wanted to find some comedians, and no one wanted to play them. I was bearded and bald, and I couldn’t see who was who. Then I decided to do it myself, because I was bald. I didn’t set the image of Friar Sand in the original script, but later I wanted to push his cowardice and incompetence to a new height, and I could only cry silently in the face of Master’s unreasonable demands.

　 　 1905 Movie Network: The Tang Priest played by Chen Bailin is actually a king of golden sentences, but many chicken soups for the soul are natural eggs, which seems to be quite in line with your spit personality.

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: I like this kind of Tang Priest very much. He is a variation of the leader and boss. He has been giving you some chicken soup for the soul, but he hasn’t given you a practical solution. He also secretly does something else himself, which is very chicken thief. Since the beginning of online drama, Tang Priest has been such an image. He has been smiling and telling you hypocritical words, and his hands are particularly dark. But the Tang Priest is actually a wise man. On the surface, he doesn’t make sense, but he knows everything. Some cruel behaviors are also a kind of practice to hone his disciples.

　 　 1905 Movie Network: There are so many fans in "Ten Thousand". Have you summarized what is different about it?

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: First of all, it’s the resonance of the little people. Many netizens are middle-class people in the city. They will see the amplification of Wang Dachui’s strengths and weaknesses and find a lot of resonance. Wang Dachui’s story resonates with everyone’s life. Many of the troubles of job hunting, blind date and Wang Dachui are the troubles of urban youth now. Then, when the first season comes out, there will be a sense of freshness in form. The funny way is rare in China before, and there is a little bit of duality. I am an animation house myself. Based on these elements, a pioneer state of subculture has been formed, and now it has become a movie, so try to squeeze it into the mainstream culture.

　 　 1905 Movie Network: From the beginning of online drama, Never Imagine has a very stylized concept of nonsense, such as some special lines rhythm, editing style, etc. Is this concept relatively restrained in movies?

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: There will be restraint. We deliberately make movies less avant-garde, including in form, and rarely use the quick editing in online dramas. I’ve been thinking about it for a long time, too. If the online drama is really put directly on the big screen, the audience will be very tired. That kind of visual stimulation is ok on the small screen, but it is unbearable on the big screen. I made a little compromise on popularization to ensure that the public can understand and the fans can enjoy it. From the road show, we still did it, at least the fans thought it was particularly authentic. In fact, I know that too many changes have been made, but the smell is still there.

　 　 1905 Movie Network: This actually means a lot of jokes will be sacrificed. Do you think it’s a pity?

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: I don’t think it’s a pity. It’s normal. The aesthetics of a movie is different from that of a small screen. The small screen can be pulled away at any time, and the movie is in a dark cinema, forcing you to accept it. These two feelings are different, so a change must be made for the theater audience. We didn’t make a big online movie, so we can’t sacrifice the theater feeling for the small screen.

　 　 1905 Movie Network: From spoof videos to Wanhe Tianyi, and now to film directors, is there a clear plan all the way?

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: I never said I had to make a movie or anything. Now I think it’s a good thing that my own movies can be seen by more people. It’s just that I’ve slowly come to find that it’s almost time to make a movie. First of all, the rapid development of the market has given people like us an opportunity. I have been in the film crew for ten years, and I have basically taught myself other jobs except makeup. There are no obstacles in communication, and the work is smooth, so it’s fate. Making cinema movies is a platform for me to show my thoughts more. Maybe there will be something more interesting in the future, so I will try that. Let nature take its course, and fix the things on your hand first. When I was a dubbing enthusiast, I did the dubbing well. When I was a editing enthusiast, I did the editing well. When I was a short drama director, I did the short drama well. Now I am making a movie, I will do the movie well.

　 　 1905 Movie Network: From online drama to movie, do you think this is a counterattack of diaosi culture, or an upgrade of the carrier?

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: It can’t be said that it is an upgrade of the carrier, but a change. I don’t think cinema movies have to be more advanced than online dramas. First of all, it’s just a different aesthetic space. Sometimes what I see on the small screen will be more interesting, but the platform is different, depending on your mood at that time and your aesthetic requirements. Everyone has their own advantages, right?

　 　 1905 Movie Network: The "five-hair special effects" in the online drama is very classic. Are you nervous when you do your own special effects now?

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: Audiences sometimes need novelty. For them, there are two kinds of visual effects, one is very bad, which is also a kind of excitement, but I didn’t expect it to be so bad. Another kind of stimulation is that I didn’t expect to do it so well, such as many Hollywood blockbusters. I don’t want to do anything moderate. The five-hair special effects in online dramas are a kind of joke, but also a sense of excitement and freshness. When I was making a screen movie, I told the special effects company that I know we can’t reach the level of Hollywood now, so you can give me their visual effects of big movies five years ago. I think it’s good enough. As a new director, I’m satisfied with this degree of completion. The audience at the roadshow was also very satisfied.

　 　 1905 Movie Network: Do you want to spoof Wang Dachui’s cartoon image of Shi Niu?

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: I have discussed with the art director for a long time. The whole movie is cheap and cute. Everyone is cute except the villain. It’s also very strange if he turns into a very fierce cow in the end. We should refer to the modeling map of Shi Niu in Han Dynasty, which I think is very cute.

　 　 1905 Movie Network: You said you cared more about word-of-mouth than box office when it was screened before. What’s the evaluation you received so far?

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: At first, I was particularly worried that the core fans wouldn’t buy it, because many changes were made. However, along the way, fans still bought it especially. They said that this is a million movies, and I don’t know what they think. Since they bought it, the first step is completed, no matter what the box office is like, at least I am worthy of them. Some places are not so funny, and they are extremely small, beyond my imagination. This film has three completion points, one is worthy of investors’ investment, the other is worthy of myself, and the other is worthy of the audience who support us. I have a clear conscience about my own efforts, and the fans also recognize it. I think there is no problem with the first one.

　 　 1905 Movie Network: If the movie version of Never Imagine still retains the pioneering nature of the secondary subculture, are you worried that mainstream film critics will scoff?

　 　 Xiaoxing Yi: A truly tasteful film critic will certainly be able to understand the story and perceive the author’s intention. The structure and jokes of this film are very clean and clear, and the three views are also correct. Professional film critics should not say anything too hard out of the mentality of caring for new people. If you have to compete with that kind of master, shit, then I can’t help it. I can’t compare this, can I? But as a newcomer’s first film, film critics should be more tolerant, I think so.

On March 18th, the Third Yangtze River Bridge in Wuhu staged a scientific and technological wonder: 200 Chery cars with intelligent driving crossed the bridge at a uniform speed of 40km/h, and the intelligent driving feat of zero human intervention in the whole process opened the prelude to the intelligent strategy conference of "oil, electricity and intelligence in the world". Known by the industry as the "Smart Night", this grand event not only launched the 500/700/900 smart driving, but also crushed the technical strength of the industry with the iterative speed of the algorithm, announcing that Chery officially became the first echelon of smart driving in the world.

[Intergenerational Revolution of Algorithms]

Chery’s intelligent layout presents a clear step-by-step evolution: the end-to-end large model (E2E) mass-produced in 2025 took the lead in breaking the shackles of traditional modularity, and through the direct optimization of perception-decision, the efficiency of the Falcon 500/700 series in anthropomorphic decision-making was significantly improved. What is more worth looking forward to is that Eagle 900 deeply integrates VLA (Visual Action Language Model) with WM, and has dual capabilities of "scene generation+strategy deduction", which can predict complex traffic situations in advance.

"Practice of technical equality"

When the industry focused on the electrified track, Chery opened up a new battlefield with the wisdom of oil and electricity. Falcon Intelligent Driving System innovatively develops a digital twin platform, which overcomes the problem of response delay of traditional fuel vehicle drive-by-wire actuators and shortens the adaptation period of intelligent driving system. This makes such fuel vehicles also have high-speed NOA capability, realizing real technical equality. In the field of Off-Road intelligence, Falcon Intelligent Driving Off-road, the world’s first off-road intelligent driving technology, broke through the perception bottleneck of unpaved roads, and integrated satellite remote sensing data through Xinghai big data platform, which significantly improved the pass rate compared with the traditional off-road auxiliary system.

[Global data closed loop]

Supporting the technological transition is the global data engine built by Chery. The model learning mileage of 20 million kilometers per day forms a complete closed loop of "global acquisition-cloud training-scene simulation". Especially in overseas markets, 4.5 billion kilometers of real intelligent driving data feedback algorithm optimization has successfully solved regional problems such as the passing rate of complex roundabout in Europe and the perceived stability of dusty weather in the Middle East. Relying on China’s first EU dual certification qualification, Chery plans to land in Europe with Falcon 700 in 2026, and knock on the door of the high-end intelligent driving market with the verification data of 1 billion kilometers in the "digital parallel universe".

[Ecological competition pattern]

Facing the high-precision map dependence of NCA of Huawei ADS 2.0 and XNGP of Tucki, Chery chose to make a differentiated breakthrough: the update frequency of weekly algorithm iteration is four times faster than the industry average; Full-power type adaptability, covering the pain points of traditional car enterprise transformation; Breakthrough of off-road scenes, filling the blank market of intelligent driving. This technical layout has been verified on ET in Xingyue-a heterogeneous redundant system with 30 sensors, and the decision-making is highly anthropomorphic in the unprotected left turn scene.

From the intelligent driving along the Yangtze River to the verification of 1 billion kilometers in the digital universe, Chery is reshaping the industrial structure with intergenerational innovation of algorithms. When Falcon 900′ s VLA+WM architecture realizes L3-level automatic driving, this technological leap from end to end will lead China’s intelligent driving to a new era dominated by "world model".

When making Yuanxiao, you should first make the stuffing, dip it in water, and then throw it into a basket full of glutinous rice flour and shake it. Zhongxin. com Wu Tao photo

　　Beijing, March 1 (Reporter Qiu Yu) The Lantern Festival is the first important festival after the Spring Festival. People enjoy lanterns and solve riddles on the lanterns, and of course, they eat Yuanxiao or Tangyuan.

　　Some people like to make homemade Yuanxiao or glutinous rice balls, eat them fresh, and have more choices in the taste of stuffing. So, how is Yuanxiao made? What’s the difference between Yuanxiao and Tangyuan?

　　How is Yuanxiao made?

　　On February 27th, Master Yu Bojun of Daoxiang Village in Beijing showed the process of shaking Yuanxiao in a sales department.

　　When making Yuanxiao, you should first make the stuffing, dip it in water, and then throw it into a basket full of glutinous rice flour and shake it. Then dip it in water, continue to roll the glutinous rice flour, and repeat it many times to make it gradually round and bigger.

Yu Bojun dipped the stuffing in water and prepared to throw it into a basket filled with glutinous rice flour. Zhongxin. com Li Jinlei photo

　　"In the process of shaking, let the Yuanxiao fully collide, so that the glutinous rice flour can stick more firmly. The whole process takes about 15 minutes when making by hand, and the weight of each Yuanxiao is about 25 grams." Yu Bojun said.

　　According to him, the glutinous rice flour used to shake Yuanxiao is made of stone grinding technology, which can retain the nutrients and natural fragrance of glutinous rice to the maximum extent. The glutinous rice dumplings shaken out have high viscosity and are soft and strong to eat.

　　Homemade dumplings and sweet dumplings are favored.

　　Yu Bojun’s live show attracted many Beijing residents to watch.

　　"Now shake Yuanxiao see less and less. This kind of Lantern Festival is fresh. I want to buy some and try it to see if it has an old flavor. " A woman in her fifties and sixties said.

Yu Bojun’s live show attracted many Beijing residents to watch. Zhongxin. com Li Jinlei photo

　　This Lantern Festival, everyone’s enthusiasm for making Yuanxiao and Tangyuan is not low. According to the data provided by JD.COM to the reporter of Zhongxin. com, the sales amount of glutinous rice flour increased by more than 80% in the early period of Lantern Festival.

　　The data shows that young and middle-aged people and female users prefer homemade Yuanxiao and glutinous rice balls, and the consumption of glutinous rice flour accounts for a high proportion. Specifically, the consumption amount of female consumers accounts for 69%, and the consumption amount of the 26-45 age group accounts for 77%.

　　New tastes are more popular with young people.

　　The tastes of Yuanxiao and Tangyuan are getting richer and richer. The reporter visited a number of supermarkets in Xicheng District of Beijing and found that in addition to traditional fillings such as red bean paste and black sesame, new flavors such as roses, blueberries and chocolate are not uncommon.

　　"Most of the people who buy new flavors of Yuanxiao or Tangyuan are young people. From the perspective of sales, traditional tastes still dominate." A supermarket staff member said.

Stuffing used in making Yuanxiao. Zhongxin. com Wu Tao photo

　　Yu Bojun said that sweet-scented osmanthus, hawthorn and buttered cocoa are more popular among young people, and yellow rice and calcium milk, yellow rice and red dates, longan and yellow rice, brown sugar and walnut fillings are the new flavors this year.

　　According to the data of JD.COM, post-90s prefer fruit stuffing, mixed flavor and fresh meat stuffing, post-80s prefer mixed flavor, fruit stuffing and peanut stuffing, post-70s like bean paste, black sesame stuffing and peanut stuffing, while post-60s like bean paste, fresh meat stuffing and black sesame stuffing.

　　Extension — —

　　What’s the difference between Yuanxiao and Tangyuan?

　　China is known as "Yuanxiao in the north and Tangyuan in the south". What’s the difference between Yuanxiao and Tangyuan?

　　Guo Yaping, deputy director of the food factory of Beijing Daoxiangcun Food Co., Ltd., told the reporter of Zhongxin.com that the production technology of Yuanxiao and Tangyuan is different. Yuanxiao is "shaken" and Tangyuan is "wrapped".

Data map: After boiled, the surface of glutinous rice balls is smoother than Yuanxiao, and the soup water is relatively clear. Zhongxin. com Qiu Yu

　　They also have different appearances. After the Lantern Festival is cooked, there will be a "velvet head" on the surface, that is, there will be floating powder on the surface. When the rice flour is cooked in the pot, the soup will be milky white. Yuanxiao expands rapidly after cooking, and its size is bigger than glutinous rice balls. The dumpling skin is made of dry glutinous rice flour and water into dough, and then wrapped with stuffing, which has better cohesion, smoother surface and clear boiled soup.

　　In addition, from the taste point of view, Yuanxiao is more biting and has a prominent glutinous rice noodle flavor; Tangyuan is tender, smooth and soft, and the smell of glutinous rice is not obvious. (End)

Since the opening of the bicycle lane connecting Huilongguan and Shangdi, 5.24 million people have cycled, contributing more than 1,500 tons of carbon emission reduction. Last year, the Second Ring Road completed the optimization and transformation of the slow-moving system. The width of the non-motorized vehicle lane was more than 3 meters, and the traffic efficiency increased by 25% … These data are only a microcosm of the improvement of the slow-moving system in Beijing. More detailed changes have made the citizens feel more secure when riding and walking, and it has become a social consensus to respect slow-moving gradually.

　

According to the survey data, in 2021, the proportion of slow traffic trips in the central city of Beijing reached a new high in the past 10 years, reaching 47.8%, an increase of 6.9% over 2017, and the citizens’ willingness to travel slowly continued to increase. By the end of 2021, 84.1% of the citizens thought that the slow-moving rectification was effective.

　

According to the plan, this year, Beijing will continue to promote the transformation and upgrading of the slow-moving system, promote the construction of the east extension project and the south exhibition project of bicycle lanes, optimize the slow-moving corridors of the East Third Ring Road and the North Fourth Ring Road, and improve the walking and cycling environment.

　

Shijingshan Insurance Industrial Zone has created a slow-moving system demonstration zone through the "four-way integration" of waterfront greenway, garden trail, park service road and air corridor, attracting many citizens to choose cycling and walking. Beijing News reporter Wang Guibin photo

　

"Small actions" achieve "big effects" in improving the slow-moving environment

　

The south exit of Meishi Street is the node connecting Meishi Street and Liangguang Street. There is not only a business district nearby, but also a number of residential communities. There are many cars and people every day. Since August last year, a bicycle-patterned left turn signal light has been added to the signal pole at this intersection. Cyclists who turn from west to north can turn left only by waiting for the green light once, and the passing time is only 15 seconds.

　

Before this, cyclists need to get off at the crosswalk and wait for the signal light twice to completely pass the intersection, which takes at least 3 minutes. In order to speed up, many cyclists will risk cycling through crosswalks, even diagonally crossing and retrograde.

　

At the intersection of Wangfujing Street and Dashamao Hutong, after a series of transformations, the turning radius of vehicles increases, and motor vehicles need to slow down. Both roads have 2.5-meter-wide non-motor vehicle lanes, and bicycles pass smoothly.

　

This change is due to the continuous upgrading of the slow-moving system promoted by Beijing.

　

At the end of 2019, Beijing put forward the transportation development concept of "slow travel priority, public transport priority and green priority", which fully reflected the transformation from "car-oriented" to "people-oriented" in terms of planning, construction, management and law enforcement, and some changes in details made citizens feel more at ease when riding and walking.

　

"It can be said that it has achieved great results with small moves. Since 2021, a total of 74 bicycle intersections have been set up in Beijing, and the traffic flow lines and access rights of motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles and pedestrians have been clarified, and the traffic order at intersections has been significantly improved." Jing Lubo, the first-level director of the Urban Road Management Office of the Beijing Municipal Transportation Commission, said that the transformation of the intersection of Wangjing West Road and Futong West Street is very representative. The original intersection was too large, which led to serious interweaving of people and vehicles. After the transformation, it was reduced from 8,000 square meters to 3,000 square meters, the intersection area was reduced by about 60%, the pedestrian crossing distance was shortened by about 25%, the traffic capacity of motor vehicles at the intersection was improved by about 10.6%, and the queue length of motor vehicles was reduced by about 26.1%. "In Beijing, such big intersections are gradually slimming down." Jing Lubo said.

　

Shijingshan Insurance Industrial Zone is also a typical achievement of Beijing’s slow-moving system transformation. Through the "four-way integration" of waterfront greenway, garden trail, park service road and air corridor, a slow-moving system demonstration zone has been built, attracting many citizens to choose cycling and walking.

　

In Shijingshan Insurance Industrial Zone, citizens take leisure exercise in the waterfront greenway. Beijing News reporter Wang Guibin photo

　

More abundant and smooth road choices also make the order in the waterfront greenway better and better. Peng Peng, head of the Road Facilities Section of Shijingshan District Urban Management Committee, said that when the greenway was first opened, there would be electric vehicles driving in, which was a safety hazard. "At that time, we also planned to send more people on duty to discourage them. However, after the slow-moving system of other roads near the river was upgraded, electric cyclists found that it was more spacious and smoother to bypass other roads. Naturally, they did not walk through the greenway. By increasing supply, they also achieved the effect of standardizing order."

　

Carry out the physical examination of slow traffic, and make improvement according to the problems.

　

"What is the current situation of the traffic environment of the slow-moving system? Has the transformation achieved practical results? In what areas can we make efforts in the next step? "

　

These problems are all concerned by Wang Shuling and his colleagues. Wang Shuling is the head of the slow traffic team of Beijing Traffic Development Research Institute and the director of the track institute. Her research in the field of slow traffic and monitoring the results of Beijing slow traffic management will provide reference for relevant departments to formulate policies and determine future action plans. "Slow-moving transformation is not a blank sheet of paper, there will be many difficulties and obstacles, and it is a long-term work."

　

She believes that bicycles are not only a means of travel, but also an important way to alleviate congestion, improve residents’ health, promote street vitality and help reduce carbon emissions. "In the future, the slow traffic environment in Beijing will be more friendly, and the slow traffic will also be deeply integrated with the charm of the city and the health of residents."

　

Starting from 2020, based on the development level of Beijing’s slow traffic and drawing lessons from the advanced experience of international cities such as Copenhagen and London, the transportation department will build a travel effect-oriented evaluation and assessment system for slow traffic services.

　

"In fact, it is to carry out physical examination for our slow traffic system. Only by objectively reflecting the status quo and finding problems can we formulate more targeted upgrading and transformation plans." Wang Shuling said that 2020 is the initial year of Beijing’s slow traffic physical examination. Around the use effect, more than a dozen indicators were set in three dimensions: facilities, management and usage. In 2021, fine-tuning, road tree-lined and other indicators were added, which also reflected the focus on the actual needs and demands of citizens.

　

Through the physical examination of slow traffic, the spatial data information of slow traffic in six districts, Tongzhou District and Economic and Technological Development Zone was formed for the first time. On this basis, the Work Plan for Improving the Quality of Slow Traffic System was studied and formulated for three consecutive years. With the joint efforts of various departments and local governments, 43 projects were formulated and promoted according to the target in 2020 and 2021, and the construction of slow traffic system formed a benign closed loop.

　

The "physical examination results" in 2021 showed that the non-motor vehicle width compliance rate in the core area, Shijingshan District and urban sub-centers all exceeded 80%, with the core area having the highest compliance rate of 83%. At the same time, in recent years, with the continuous improvement of facilities governance and order management, the illegal phenomenon of facilities occupying trails and motor vehicles invading bicycle lanes has been continuously improved. In 2021, the rate of facilities occupying trails decreased by 10.5% compared with that in 2020, and the rate of illegal intrusion of bicycle lanes decreased by 47% compared with that in 2020. A safe and friendly bicycle travel environment has gradually taken shape.

　

Bicycle lanes have contributed 1,500 tons of carbon emission reduction.

　

In Beijing, cycling and walking have become more comfortable, and it has increasingly become a social consensus that cars make way for bicycles and respect slow travel. According to the survey data of the third party, among the international cities with similar population size, the mileage of slow traffic facilities in Beijing ranks in the forefront, and the mileage of bicycle lanes ranks first in the total scale.

　

Among all modes of transportation, cycling can be regarded as a "zero-carbon" travel choice. According to the research data of Beijing Traffic Development Research Institute, bicycle travel can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 0.17 kg per person per kilometer compared with car travel. The change of travel structure is very important for "carbon neutrality". If a car user switches to cycling, it can reduce one ton of carbon emissions a year, and basically achieve the goal of "carbon neutrality" from an individual perspective.

　

There is a tidal lane on the bicycle lane, which can be used in the morning and evening rush hours. Beijing News reporter Wang Guibin photo

　

In 2019, Beijing built the first bicycle lane with a total length of 6.5 kilometers, connecting Huilongguan and Shangdi Software Park. Compared with private cars and buses, it saved travel time by 32% and 50% respectively, which solved the travel problems of a large number of commuters.

　

"Now, cycling is not only a mode of transportation, but also a way of life." Wang Shuling introduced that the operation of bicycle lanes not only provided convenient transportation options, but also cultivated a large number of "iron powder" for bicycle commuting. Up to now, the cumulative usage of bicycle lanes has exceeded 5.24 million person-times, and the average daily riding volume is 4,500-5,000 vehicles/time. According to the calculation of traffic mode transfer of users of bicycle lanes, bicycle lanes have contributed more than 1500 tons of carbon emission reduction.

　

Nowadays, Beijing is promoting the construction of slow traffic demonstration roads to drive more citizens to choose cycling as a green mode of transportation.

　

After the bicycle lane is completed and opened to traffic, the west extension project will continue to be implemented in 2020, and the left turn sign of non-motor vehicles and special signal timing will be added at the intersection for the first time. In 2022, the east extension and south exhibition projects of bicycle lane will be started, and the radiation-driven function of bicycle lane will be completely activated to build a brand-new green commuter corridor.

　

Last year, the optimization and reconstruction project of the second ring auxiliary road slow-moving system was also a "star project". After the reconstruction, the width of non-motor vehicle lanes reached more than 3 meters, the traffic efficiency increased by 25%, and the morning and evening peak riding flow and traffic speed increased by 8% and 5% respectively. The quality improvement projects of slow-moving systems such as the extension line of Dongdan North and South Street and Ping ‘an Street have also been completed one after another, and the whole road has achieved slow-moving priority, smooth riding and proper walking.

　

On October 10, 2021, the Second Ring Road was really "riding"-on the way to the public welfare cycling activity of the Second Ring Road slow-moving system. Beijing News reporter Wang Guibin photo

　

Bike-sharing’s annual cycling volume reaches 950 million.

　

Bicycles are "returning" to Beijing, and the service and management measures need to be constantly improved and strengthened.

　

In 2021, the proportion of slow traffic trips in central Beijing reached a new high in the past 10 years, reaching 47.8%, an increase of 6.9% over 2017, and the citizens’ willingness to travel slowly continued to increase. On 51 roads, such as Xinjiekou Outer Street and Tiantan East Road, the number of morning peak rides exceeds 3,000 per hour.

　

The total number of bike-sharing in Beijing is about 950,000, and the daily average number of riders exceeds 2.4 million, making it the best choice for connecting urban rail transit.

　

Since entering Beijing in 2016, bike-sharing has played an active role in connecting the "last mile" of public transport and advocating citizens’ green travel. At present, the number of operating enterprises in bike-sharing has been reduced from 16 in its heyday to 3 in Meituan, Hello and Qingcheng, and the number of operating vehicles has been adjusted from 2.35 million to about 950,000. The compliance rate and dynamic access rate of operating vehicles are above 95%, initially forming a "1+N" pattern with one operating area in the central city and n operating areas in the suburbs, and the vehicle operating area has gradually expanded from the Fifth Ring Road to all administrative districts. In 2021, the annual cycling volume of bike-sharing in the city reached 950 million, and the highest cycling volume in a single day exceeded 4.71 million.

　

In order to continuously standardize the development of the Internet bicycle industry, the Municipal Transportation Commission has established a comprehensive supervision system to promote the healthy development of the industry. In order to standardize the parking of these bike-sharing and promote the integration of the slow-moving system and rail transit, Beijing has completed the construction of 224 bike-sharing electronic fences in 51 key rail transit stations, realizing the settlement of the entry. Up to now, more than 26,000 parking areas have been designated in bike-sharing, and 16 no-parking areas have been publicized in the core area, and the coordinates of all parking areas, no-parking areas and parking management areas have been pushed to enterprise clients to guide citizens to park in an orderly manner. At the same time, through the joint convention jointly launched by operating enterprises and industry associations, the riders who repeatedly violate the rules will be jointly punished, riding will be restricted, and citizens will be guided to regulate their car use behavior.

　

Citizens ride in Shijingshan Insurance Industrial Zone. Beijing News reporter Wang Guibin photo

　

Compress the space of motor vehicles and return the road to walking and cycling.

　

A survey on the slow-moving system shows that more than 54% of Beijing residents believe that motor vehicle interference is the most important factor affecting riding comfort, among which "illegal parking" and "unreasonable parking space setting" are more intuitive; There is also a survey by relevant departments that nearly 70% of cyclists believe that order is an important factor affecting cycling.

　

Yang Xinmiao, deputy director of Tsinghua University Transportation Research Institute, has been engaged in research work in the fields of green transportation and traffic safety for a long time, and he often chooses green travel modes such as cycling.

　

He believes that it is the key to ensure the smooth and orderly slow-moving system to go its own way. "The sidewalk is for people to walk, and the bicycle lane is for people to ride." In this regard, he put forward a number of specific suggestions: no parking within three parking spaces at intersections, no parking within two parking spaces at bus stops, no parking within two parking spaces at the entrance and exit of residential areas, and shopping malls, schools, hospitals, etc. should help smooth the walking and cycling in front of the door, and motor vehicles should be allowed at night.

　

In order to further protect the right of way, Beijing is gradually rectifying the parking spaces with problems, and continuously strengthening the order management of the slow-moving system and increasing the investigation and punishment of roadside violations of motor vehicles. In the future, new electronic toll parking spaces on roads will also be reviewed in advance, and can only be set if the width of non-motor vehicle lanes is met.

　

Jing Lubo introduced that Beijing has compiled a series of planning documents such as "Beijing Slow Travel System Planning (2020-2035)" to clarify the future development orientation of the slow travel system, and formulated a series of standards and technical rules such as "Technical Guide for Improving Pedestrian and Bicycle Traffic Facilities in Beijing", highlighting the principle of street space allocation with priority on walking and bicycles. It is the first time to reduce the width of motor vehicle lanes to widen bicycle lanes and trails, pay attention to the priority of slow travel at intersections, and set up bicycles.

　

This year, the slow corridor of the East Third Ring Road and the North Fourth Ring Road will be optimized.

　

The work of promoting the construction of slow-moving system continues. In May this year, Beijing successively issued the Traffic Development and Construction Plan of Beijing during the Tenth Five-Year Plan and the Action Plan for Comprehensive Traffic Management of Beijing in 2022, which set clear requirements for improving the slow traffic environment in the future.

　

Jing Lubo told reporters that this year, Beijing will continue to make efforts to improve the slow-moving system. At present, relevant plans are being formulated and improved. "Typical projects include the slow-moving corridor construction projects of the East Third Ring Road and the North Fourth Ring Road, and will continue to optimize bicycle lanes and trails along the route to make green travel smoother and safer."

　

According to the Action Plan for Comprehensive Traffic Management in Beijing in 2022, in 2022, Beijing will continue to optimize and upgrade the green travel environment, and accelerate the construction of Dongtuo (Liangzhuang West Street-Lincui Road) and Nanzhan projects of Huilongguan Bicycle Dedicated Road; Optimize the slow corridor of the East Third Ring Road and the North Fourth Ring Road (Haidian Bridge-Zhixinqiao) to improve the walking and cycling environment; With the goal of building city slow traffic system, which mainly serves commuting, we will speed up the compilation of slow traffic planning and build a slow priority demonstration block, with at least one in the central city, Tongzhou District and Economic Development Zone. At the same time, it will also promote the connection and integration of garden greenways, waterfront roads and urban road slow-moving systems. Build 20 slow-moving boulevards to increase the comfort of walking and riding. Create 21 cycling routes of "Walking in Beijing" to promote the deep integration of slow travel and tourism.

　

If we turn our attention to the long-term goal, Beijing’s expectation for slow traffic is not limited to the traffic field, not only to "build a pedestrian and bicycle-friendly city and form a continuous and safe slow traffic network", but also slow traffic will become a part of citizens’ healthy life.

　

"Beijing Traffic Development and Construction Plan during the Tenth Five-Year Plan" depicts such a picture for the future development of the slow-moving system: in the "last mile" connection of public transportation, walking and cycling will play a greater role; The slow-moving system in the Fifth Ring Road is continuously networked, all eligible roads are divided into non-motor vehicle lanes, and bicycle priority signs are added to all non-motor vehicle mixed roads; Pedestrians will also be safer when crossing the street. Pedestrians will have exclusive safety facilities when crossing the street, and bicycles will no longer need to detour and retrograde when passing. Streets and blocks will also be more suitable for walking slowly. When riding on the road, citizens will enjoy more trees and trees, and the riding environment will be more comfortable and pleasant.

　

Beijing News reporter Yan Jianfei

Editor Zhang Lei proofreads Liu Yue.