Inheriting old crafts and activating new impetus

-investigation on the present situation of non-genetic inheritance in rural revitalization in China

Folk Culture Forum and Rural Revitalization Research Group

　　editorial comment/note

　　Intangible cultural heritage is an important part of Chinese excellent traditional culture and an important resource to realize rural revitalization. In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the protection of intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter referred to as "intangible cultural heritage") and rural revitalization, and promote the intangible cultural heritage to help rural revitalization, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the National Rural Revitalization Bureau organized the recommendation of "typical cases of intangible cultural heritage workshops", and identified and published 66 "typical cases of intangible cultural heritage workshops" in 2022. The research group on intangible cultural heritage and rural revitalization of Folk Culture Forum started with non-genetic inheritance to help rural revitalization, and went to Zhuxian Town, Kaifeng, Henan Province, Gama Township, Karuo District, Qamdo, Tibet, Wutun, Longwu Town, Tongren, Qinghai Province, and Tacheng Township, Yulong, Yunnan Province, and conducted in-depth research on the inheritance, development and challenges of intangible cultural heritage in the new era, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote non-genetic inheritance and help rural revitalization.

　　1. Intangible heritage is rooted in the countryside, full of vitality and creativity.

　　There are many kinds of intangible cultural heritage in China. From 2006 to 2021, the State Council published five batches of national intangible cultural heritage projects, including 10 categories of folk literature, traditional music, traditional dance, traditional drama, folk art, traditional sports, entertainment and acrobatics, traditional art, traditional skills, traditional medicine and folk customs, with a total of 1,557 items and 3,610 sub-items. By December, 2022, there were 43 projects listed in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List in China, ranking first in the world in total. Most of these non-legacy representative projects come from the people and are rooted in the countryside. They contain the unique spiritual value, way of thinking, imagination and cultural awareness of the Chinese nation, embody the endless vitality and creativity of the Chinese nation, and are the witness of our history and an important carrier of Chinese culture.

　　Intangible heritage is the essence and typical representative of rural culture.The vast countryside is the main breeding ground for China’s intangible cultural heritage. Intangible heritage covers all aspects of rural life, is the wisdom summary of the survival skills and life experience of rural people, and is an important support for rural social production and life. Folk art represented by intangible cultural heritage not only nurtured the people, but also recorded the history and cultivated people’s national pride.

　　In Zhuxian Town, Kaifeng, Henan Province, New Year artists and ordinary people can tell their glorious history and prosperity: "Zhuxian Town is a big pier, with a wide grain river, and the boats in the river are big and beautiful, loaded with goods from the north and the south. There are many foreign merchants who come to Zhuxian Town to purchase goods, from Huguang in the south, Shaanxi and Gansu in the west, Hebei in the north and Shandong in the east. Merchants from all over the country have left footprints in Zhuxian Town. At that time, there were more than 300 New Year pictures workshops in Zhuxian Town, and the New Year pictures business was booming. Every household invited the old stove master and posted New Year pictures … seventy-two temples, seventy-two hutongs, seventy-two streets and seventy-two descendants. "

　　One side of the soil and water produces one side of culture and raises one side of people. The raw materials and production techniques of many folk crafts are inseparable from specific areas, such as porcelain, teapot and Suzhou embroidery, which have become specific geographical and cultural symbols, and therefore become an important resource for promoting rural revitalization in the local area. Epics such as Biography of King Gesar, Manas, Jianger and Ancient Songs of Miao Nationality, which are widely circulated among the people, are the essence of rural culture in ethnic areas and an important spiritual source of ordinary people’s lives. They not only provide rich nourishment for the Chinese nation, but also contribute colorful chapters to world civilization.

　　Non-legacy "two creations" inject vitality into rural revitalization.In the new era, how to realize the creative transformation and innovative development of intangible cultural heritage? At the national level, many policies and regulations have been provided for non-genetic inheritance and rural revitalization. In 2015, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Implementing the Training Plan for the People Inheriting Intangible Cultural Heritage in China; In 2017, the China Traditional Craft Revitalization Plan was formulated; In 2018, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued the Notice on Vigorously Revitalizing Traditional Crafts in Poverty-stricken Areas to Help Accurate Poverty Alleviation and the Notice on Supporting the Establishment of Intangible Poverty Alleviation Employment Workshops; In 2022, the National Rural Revitalization Bureau and other eight departments jointly issued the Notice on Promoting the High-quality Inheritance and Development of Traditional Crafts and the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Cultivation of Rural Artisans.

　　The investigation found that various localities organized intangible cultural heritage workshops, intangible cultural heritage training, intangible cultural heritage entering the campus and other activities to improve the intangible cultural heritage inheritance and activation mechanism. China Folk Writers and Artists Association implements the "Mountain Flower Talents" cultivation plan, focusing on training key members, leading talents and outstanding creative talents in various fields of folk literature and art. In the first half of 2023, advanced seminars in the fields of paper-cutting art, Sand painting, stone carving art and Thangka art were organized nationwide successively, so as to build a platform for non-genetic inheritors to learn, discuss, communicate and display.

　　In the practice of non-genetic inheritance, inheritors and local departments are also actively exploring the road of development. Yao Jianping, the inheritor of Suzhou embroidery, painted a "splendid picture" of rural revitalization with an embroidery needle. She said: "In recent years, the embroidery industry in ethnic areas has been revitalized through training and long-term pairing, helping more embroidered mothers improve their skills and increase their income. A large number of villagers have lived a good life through their own manual labor."

　　Yuan Changliu, honorary chairman of the People’s Association of Wudu District, Longnan City, Gansu Province, said that the local wood carving industry has gradually developed from a manual workshop of folk artists to a large-scale factory, which has brought tangible work and income to farmers. They also plan to further enhance the handicraft skills and market awareness of folk artists by holding various types of training courses.

　　With the popularity of mobile networks, intangible cultural heritage has also stepped out of geographical limitations. Young inheritors in many places have developed handicrafts e-commerce based on their characteristics, and broadcast live "bringing goods" online. Zhou Lazanbu, a Tangka painter in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, established Tangka Art Co., Ltd., which deals in handicrafts such as flower painting, embroidery and sculpture, and also displays and promotes intangible skills through social platforms.

　　2. Non-genetic inheritors, integrated into rural construction

　　Non-genetic inheritance, the key lies in people. The key to rural revitalization is also people. Paying attention to the group of inheritors is a key issue for non-genetic inheritance to help rural revitalization.

　　The role of rural non-genetic inheritors is indispensable.Gama Township, Karuo District, Changdu City, Tibet, is the earliest inheritance place of Gama Gachi Painting School. At present, there are 73 households with 202 people engaged in Tangka painting. The important non-genetic inheritors include Gama Dele, Pincuo Lunzhu, Sangzhu Rob, Mei Tsering, Luozhu Basong and other painters. Their main ways of inheriting Tangka are family inheritance and apprentices, and their disciples vary from dozens to hundreds. However, the transmission and study in the family is not closed, but through the acquaintance society composed of in-laws, neighbors and villagers, the mentoring relationship is established, forming a cultural heritage vein in a certain region. It is precisely because of the unique customs, traditions and regional culture that it has been passed down from generation to generation among the people and in the countryside for thousands of years.

　　Farmers are the main body of rural revitalization. To promote rural revitalization in an all-round way, we should give full play to farmers’ main role.In the revitalization of rural culture, the role of rural non-genetic inheritors is indispensable. To realize the revitalization of rural non-legacy talents, it is necessary not only to integrate external forces to sink the countryside to support and help, but also to pay attention to cultivating and encouraging farmers’ own endogenous development motivation.

　　At present, the non-genetic inheritors of Thangka in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan are actively exploring the inheritance path of Thangka. Starting from the early establishment of family schools, they have gradually developed into multi-level and multi-dimensional rich models such as Thangka Studio, Thangka Research Institute, Thangka School and Thangka Commercial Company, which are based on the protection of non-legacy and promote the integration and mutual promotion of culture and industry.

　　Attach importance to the non-genetic inheritance of teenagers.The investigation found that most of the non-genetic inheritors started from childhood and infiltrated into the intangible cultural heritage atmosphere for a long time. Through listening and speaking, oral instruction and professional study, they gradually understood and became familiar with the true meaning of intangible cultural heritage, and assumed the mission of non-genetic inheritance.

　　The non-genetic inheritors of Leba dance in Yulong County, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province emphasize on learning from childhood. The inheritors told the research team: "My name is Li Wenxian, and I started to learn Leba dance at the age of 7." "My name is Chen Sicai. When I was four or five years old, my grandfather took me to dance Leba, and I will get it slowly."

　　Ryan. Qiao, a professor at the Central Academy of Fine Arts, put forward that the non-genetic inheritance of paper-cutting should start with dolls and attach importance to the cultivation of children and adolescents. At present, the China Folk Paper-cut Integration Project Team has started the investigation and research on the non-genetic inheritance of teenagers.

　　Rob Starr, a national non-genetic inheritor of Thangka, believes that it is better to learn painting at the age of 7-13, and it is best not to be over 18, otherwise it will be difficult to train. Gengdengdaji, the inheritor of Thangka in Qinghai, said: "There is an optimal age limit for drawing Thangka. The younger you are, the faster you learn."

　　"Zhuangjiashan has been singing for thousands of years, and now folk songs have entered the campus." In April 2023, Guangxi Dahua Yao Autonomous County Experimental Primary School became the "Guangxi Folk Song Learning Base", and folk song inheritors entered the campus to cultivate "Liu Sanjie’s little successor". Xieqiao Town Central Primary School in Haining City, Zhejiang Province, Longdong College in Gansu Province, Zhongshan Experimental School in Luanzhou City, Tangshan City, and Baotou Steel Experimental Primary School in Inner Mongolia have long carried out the work of "shadow play art entering the campus" and obtained the inheritance experience and innovative achievements of shadow play skills. Multi-category and diverse intangible cultural heritage and its inheritors are entering the campus and approaching teenagers in various ways.

　　3. Non-genetic inheritance faces the dilemma of "cultivation" and "innovation"

　　Non-genetic inheritors take a long time to cultivate, and the supporting school education lacks continuity.Non-genetic inheritance is a long-term learning and practice process. Guo Taiyun, the national non-genetic inheritor of New Year pictures in Zhuxian Town, Kaifeng, Henan Province, entered the famous goalkeeper workshop "Yunji" in Kaifeng at the age of 13 as an apprentice, and the apprentice had to work in the goalkeeper workshop for at least four years before he could start his career. He was an apprentice in Yunji for a long time, about five or six years. That is to say, according to the traditional mode of non-inheritance, the initial investment cost of mastering non-legacy skills is high, the return is slow, and some even don’t see direct benefits.

　　Take Thangka Apprentice as an example, there is no salary in the measurement stage of learning sculpture, and the living expenses are mainly borne by the family and teachers. Apprentices sometimes have to pay compensation by means of labor exchange. Thangka school not only has a long study time, but also has a high basic cost. The research group had previously learned during an investigation in Danba Raodan Thangka Art School in Tibet that the most basic living expenses of an apprentice are about 30,000 yuan per year, including only accommodation, catering, transportation, tuition and miscellaneous fees, but not clothing, daily necessities, social activities and other expenses. Therefore, not all apprentices have the financial conditions to persist until the final graduation certificate.

　　At present, the practical exploration of the combination of intangible heritage and school education mainly presents the following new trends: (1) the practice of intangible heritage protection and inheritance is gradually carried out in the field of education; Some progress has been made in the construction of non-legacy disciplines; Non-legacy elements are integrated into nine-year compulsory education in various forms; Non-genetic inheritors enter the campus to promote non-legacy projects. However, these measures are still in the trial stage and have not really formed the scale and system. Some places have entered kindergartens and primary schools, but due to the pressure of entering higher schools, it is difficult to carry out non-legacy conventional teaching in middle schools. Like other skills training, non-genetic inheritance needs to start with dolls. How to organically combine the traditional inheritance model with the modern school education system and connect different classes such as primary schools and middle schools is an important issue facing the cultivation of non-genetic inheritance.

　　The persistence of intangible quality and the effect of innovation and activation are not ideal.Intangible heritage is rooted in traditional rural society. With the social changes and changes in production and lifestyle, the cultural connotation of intangible heritage in many places has been pulled away, and the symbiotic relationship with people’s daily life has been deconstructed, showing a "rootless" state. With the gradual withdrawal of the elderly inheritors from the social stage, many non-legacy projects are facing the crisis of "people dying". The cultural structure and level of cultural awareness of young inheritors are uneven, and their interest in intangible heritage is not strong enough. In today’s rapidly changing social environment, it is also difficult to focus on intangible heritage for a long time. From guarding skills to cultivating talents, from maintaining quality to activating innovation, non-genetic inheritance and development face a series of new problems.

　　The lack of effective protection of intellectual property rights is also one of the chaos in the transformation and utilization of intangible cultural heritage. In the investigation, we often encounter infringements such as the original works borrowed or bought by the inheritor are exhibited, won prizes and sold in the name of others, or the newly created works are made public, spread and copied without the permission of the inheritor, and the works are published without signature and in the name of others after being photographed. In the face of various uncertain factors in the market, the inheritors’ power to defend their rights in the form of individuals is very weak. This kind of chaos has greatly violated the interests of the inheritors and dampened their creative enthusiasm.

　　The theoretical research, policy support, industrial channels and social support of the integration of intangible cultural heritage into rural revitalization are still not perfect.Turning intangible cultural heritage into a cultural force to promote rural revitalization requires deepening research on the theoretical level, strong support on the policy level, and multi-party cooperation on the practical level. At present, there is still a lack of relevant theoretical research on how to promote the integration of intangible cultural heritage into contemporary life and root in rural and community cultural ecology, and the policies and measures are not complete and systematic enough to support specific practical exploration. There is also a lack of practical social support in industrial channels and supporting services. Some places have created "incubators" for non-legacy innovation and implemented the "non-legacy+"strategy. However, at present, most of them stay at the level of publicity and promotion, and few people really get results. There is still a lack of targeted measures to help inheritors connect with the market and build the industrial chain of intangible products, and the homogenization phenomenon is serious. In many places, intangible cultural heritage development has not been included in the overall development planning such as rural cultural construction and rural customs civilization, and the positive role of intangible cultural heritage in rural social governance has not been effectively played.

　　4. Protect history, base on the present, and let the intangible heritage inject development momentum into the future of the countryside.

　　Based on the overall situation, we will formulate a macro-strategy and policy system that will help rural revitalization and promote high-quality rural development.Non-genetic inheritance helps rural revitalization, which is conducive to the high-quality development of rural industries and makes the countryside a poetic place where material civilization and spiritual civilization coexist. We should stand on the overall height, adjust measures to local conditions, focus on regional economic and social development, and form a macro-strategic planning and supporting policy system for the development of humanistic economy in urban and rural areas. Avoid homogenization and low-quality cultural productivity competition, and increase farmers’ non-agricultural income. While developing the characteristic processed products industry, it is necessary to expand the industrial form and tap the diverse values of ecology, leisure, culture and education in the village, so that the local intangible derivative products and folk cultural activities can be developed in the rural revitalization and the integration of agriculture and tourism; Adjust and optimize the industrial structure, let the intangible cultural heritage inherit and grow differently in the new industrial form, and effectively promote rural revitalization with its own unique advantages and development vitality.

　　Adhere to the protection concept of "seeing people, seeing things and seeing life", pay attention to promoting the contemporary value of intangible cultural heritage, and promote the integration of intangible cultural heritage into modern life.Empowering rural revitalization with intangible resources requires innovative development based on the overall development concept. The extensive participation of the public is the lasting driving force for the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage protection. In intangible cultural heritage protection, we should not only attach importance to the subjectivity of inheritors, but also cultivate intangible cultural heritage audiences and consumers. Folk culture related to intangible cultural heritage should be protected and developed in the living context and its natural ecological environment, and integrated into the rural industrial chain to promote the optimization and transformation of rural industrial structure, promote the multi-social division of labor in rural areas, and create regional brands with cultural added value. We can rely on intangible resources to build intangible workshops and carry out skills training, and promote the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. We will promote the organic integration of more non-legacy projects into the construction of tourist attractions, resorts, leisure blocks and key villages and towns for rural tourism. Through the construction and cultivation of specific cultural spaces, cultural landscapes and cultural activities such as non-legacy towns, non-legacy tourism and non-legacy festivals, we will improve and promote the consumption experience mode of non-legacy related production customs activities and extend the production and consumption industrial chain.

　　Respect the main position of inheritors in protection, inheritance, development and creation, and attach importance to the role and significance of teenagers in non-genetic inheritance.Village leaders and non-genetic inheritors are all important human resources to promote the practice of rural revitalization. It is necessary to respect the main position of inheritors, set up non-genetic inheritors’ studios, and give full play to their role in regulating mass relations and promoting the development of local public affairs through non-genetic inheritors’ work. Teenagers are the new force of non-genetic inheritance and development, so we should explore the modern models and methods of non-genetic inheritance and attach importance to cultivating teenagers’ feelings, consciousness and skills. By sorting out the village history, compiling rural readers, setting up local lecture halls and developing non-legacy school-based courses, the non-genetic inheritance will be institutionalized into the school’s moral, intellectual, physical and artistic education. We can set up non-genetic learning and practice bases in schools and organize non-legacy research, so that non-legacy education can become an important part of young people’s learning and growth, and enhance their understanding and love for traditional culture.

　　Mobilize the enthusiasm of villagers to participate in non-genetic inheritance, establish a sharing mechanism and expand the rural cultural industry chain.Under the leadership of party committees and governments at all levels, we should establish a multi-subject interest community and establish a fair and reasonable sharing mechanism to protect farmers’ interests. We can closely combine the activation and utilization of rural intangible cultural heritage with the development of rural cultural industries, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all villagers, and cultivate their initiative consciousness of participating in "intangible cultural heritage+rural revitalization". We can regularly carry out skills training such as industrial policies and service standards to help villagers use the e-commerce platform and expand the sales channels of "non-legacy+rural agricultural products". Pay attention to rural tourism, e-commerce agriculture and other derivative industries, focus on cultivating villagers’ production and management ability, technology promotion ability and communication and marketing ability, explore the evaluation of rural non-legacy talents, and tilt in technical services, project cooperation, bank loans, product promotion, financial support and other aspects.

　　(Members of the research group: Feng Li, Wang Suzhen, Zhang Zhiyong, Liu Dongmei, Li Hang, Shao Huifang)

　　Guangming Daily (June 22, 2023, 05 edition)

Original title of this article: "To invest in India, we must invest in the differences with China and find Shen Nanpeng and Xiong Xiaoge among Indians."

Original: Zhixiang. com

China Fund wants to find Xiong Xiaoge and Shen Nanpeng among Indians.

//This article is 5259 words in total, and it is expected to be read for 16 minutes//

From 1988 to 1991, Wu Shangzhi worked in India Bureau of the World Bank, mainly engaged in Indian loan projects. At that time, in 1993, Wu tried to raise funds to set up a fund-"the idea was naive", and invested in some projects but it seemed that they all lost.

At the end of last year, Wu Shangzhi went to India again, and after a lapse of 27 years, he caught up with his old Indian friends at the World Bank. At this time, Wu Shangzhi is already the "Lao Wu" among the young people, and his CDH investment has also become the first PE in China.

From China to the West, from Zhongguancun in Beijing to Coleman Galla in Bangalore, and going to sea in India are the new fashions in China’s capital circle. However, Wu Shangzhi’s team realized the potential of overseas markets earlier than their counterparts in China.

In Southeast Asia, when the travel giant Grab was valued at $2 billion, CDH entered the market. Today, the market value of Grab has exceeded $20 billion. In October 2015, Ying Wei, the managing partner of CDH Baifu, began to pay attention to Indian projects. This is even earlier than Alibaba’s investment in overseas flagship project-Indian payment company Paytm.

CDH Baifu is an asset management platform under CDH Investment. After two years of exploration, CDH Baifu began to be active in India again in May last year. At present, an emerging market fund with a scale of US$ 200 million is being raised, which is also the first venture capital fund focusing on India in China.

Different from many China investors interviewed by Zhixiang. com, on June 12th, when he talked about the logic and rationale of investing in India, he said, "See if we can find out that characteristic, and compare it with the characteristics of China." He also thought that "finding the difference between India and us is the most difficult thing", so the funds in China also need to be localized.

The following is an interview record, with slight adjustments as needed.

"We studied it for more than two years and didn’t invest a penny."

Q: When will you start to see the Indian market?

Ying Wei:At the end of 2015, a domestic individual investor invested in a project in India. At that time, we went to see it. In March 2016, we began to invest exclusively in the Indian market. At that time, Morgan formed a group, Tencent and Fosun, and when we went together, we saw seven or eight people in one day.

To sum up, in October 2015, we began to ponder this matter, explore research, then organized a group to go with them, and later formed a team to be responsible for the Indian fund. Zhang Le is a partner of CDH Baifu and a veteran of CDH. He has participated in leading many consumer and Internet projects in CDH, and went out to start a business in the middle. This year, he was recruited by us to take charge of the Indian fund. Zhang Genghua, the core member of the team, is also the first young generation in China to pay attention to the Indian market, and has made a lot of accumulation in the past three years. In the future, we must recruit Indians and be localized.

Q: What stage are you mainly investing in now?

Ying Wei:In fact, it was in the middle and early stages, and there are basically no projects in the middle and late stages of India.

Flipkart was sold to Wal-Mart for 16 billion yuan, which was also in the middle and early stages, because the company had not yet made a profit. Therefore, we are investing in India now, just as we invested in domestic projects many years ago. For example, when CDH invested in Mengniu around 2001, it was also in the middle and early stage, and we invested 30 million dollars with Morgan. Don’t say that the Internet industry is growing fast, and so are traditional industries. It’s normal to double a year when you just started your business in the middle and early stages, and it’s normal to triple a year. When you are small, it belongs to this stage.

Q: Why India? You went in when Grab was valued at $2 billion. Why are emerging market funds focusing on India now?

Ying Wei:At that time, we seized this opportunity. However, the population of Southeast Asia is scattered. When we visited India from Southeast Asia, we felt that the Indian market was earlier. First, if you look at the per capita GDP, you can see that most countries in Southeast Asia have surpassed India. If you look at Indonesia, it is almost $4,000. We first invested in Vietnam. Indonesia invested in France like this, and then slowly transferred to India. The Indian market has several characteristics: first, rapid development; Second, there is a huge market and great potential. We first invested in Grab, and we mainly saw the valuation difference, which increased. Looking back at India, this gap may be bigger, but India is more complicated. So that place needs to be studied. We studied it for more than two years and didn’t invest a penny.

Q: When did you start voting again?

Ying Wei:It started in May last year. We invested in love recycling in China, and they wanted to invest in a Cashify in India, so we followed suit.

Q: In your opinion, what is the difference between China entrepreneurs and Indian entrepreneurs?

Ying Wei:The Indian is very clever. After he walked around China, he learned all the apps, and he learned them better than us. For example, like this Indian Cashify, he set up a place in the shopping mall to sell mobile phone cases and mobile phone accessories. The goods from Yiwu are very cheap. He said that I can earn my rent back by selling mobile phones and recommending these spare parts.

When you go to India to see it, it is exactly the same as ours. If you learn this, you will have an innovation. They are interesting and smart.

We went there to contact a small fund, and at first glance, we used to be the local head of Citibank, which was very high-level, and it was the same in the United States. They became CEOs and we became engineers, starting with that generation. When I went to India to meet them more than two years ago, I asked him a question. You are all heads of investment banks. Why did you all quit your jobs and go back to start businesses? Their answer is that, just like you in Chinese, we gave up the high salary and started our own business.

Q: Yes, and their international vision is better than ours, and they started internationalization very early. 、

Ying Wei:Yes Moreover, the ability of ToB is better than ours. We also watched some of them, but we didn’t dare to vote because it was strong, so we didn’t dare to vote. What we can understand is consumption, so the projects we invest in are all related to the big consumer Internet. We see these things better than he does. So the American fund, I think its advantages are, look at the front end. We also have our experience. Ten years earlier, this piece of toC was developed by us.

Pay attention to consumption, that’s for sure. It’s a very interesting phenomenon that you go to Indian shopping malls to see brands. I just said that it has developed by leaps and bounds, and its brand is different from ours. Now it is said that online and offline are developing at the same time, so in fact, if you catch the online, you will catch the offline, so you basically start to move in this direction. Jumping, I just said to pay credit cards, and his credit cards are basically not available. There is no meeting in Africa. What will happen to it? Will go online.

Investing overseas cannot be simply done by traditional investment logic, so I just said that we have the ability to reduce the dimension and strike, but at the same time we must have Indian characteristics and find out its development stage.

"If all Indian companies copy China’s model, they will not succeed. Isn’t it the same as our copy American company? "

Q: Now a group of investors from China are going to India. Is it a little late?

Ying Wei:Not too late. I think so, that is, it is a little late to know India, but it is not too late to invest now. It took us three years to know each other. Investment, we started to invest in May last year. But it does take a process to get to know India.

Whether that place is ok or not depends on the data. Look at the index of FDI, it is already the tenth, and its growth rate has surpassed that of China, and it surpassed that of China two years ago. China’s reform and opening up really started when FDI surpassed that of the United States. There is also the growth rate of foreign direct investment, which is very important. It means that the whole world wants to vote for him. You see what he said, too. They all said that they wanted your money to come in.

I don’t think it’s too late, it’s not too late at all, it’s time. But it takes time for you to enter a strange country, do research and get to know it.

Q: What is the logic of your investment in India?

Ying Wei:We are now investing in projects ranging from 3 million to 5 million, together with Indian funds, to invest in small enterprises. There have indeed been some changes in the thinking here. Why?

We use China’s model to compare, but what we really want to study is that he is different from China’s, and at which point he is different from China. This difference from China is what we want to vote for.

If it copy China’s model, it will be unsuccessful. Otherwise, it will be the same as our copy American company. How can you copy that all the successes in the United States are improvements and even revolutions in this respect? This mode has just started to use it, and then change the mode. We studied it for a while, and thought it was almost enough. We started to invest in three early projects, all of which were led by us.

Therefore, in the China Fund invested in India, our ecology has been formed. Three years ago, when it came to CDH, Indians didn’t know anyone. In the past three years, we have made a reputation, and many invested enterprises have begun to know our strength through our reception in China.

Q: But China investors who invest in Indian projects now have a feeling that Indian projects are too expensive now.

Ying Wei:In 14 and 15 years, when the valuation was the highest, the Internet just started. But in fact, in 17 years, the valuation began again. Internet companies all rely on burning money, but how long can it last? When the big organization goes in, will it keep burning for you? Some companies whose valuations have been carried up can’t stick to it and come down. Keep the efficient ones and get rid of the ineffective ones. As a result, everyone began to pay more attention to cash flow and start to burn less money. I think most companies have to go this process. We have also seen that some of them have already achieved results, such as Wal-Mart’s acquisition of Flipkart.

Amazon China has failed, and it can’t fail in India. It claims that it will cost 3 billion dollars to burn every year, so most people can’t afford it, right? So the valuation began to go down, which is one aspect.

Second, some new models, such as social e-commerce and Pinduoduo, were not valued at first, so we started to support them. When it comes to round B, we have much more choices. Therefore, in the A round, it is mainly up to us to study.

However, the way we value the Internet in China is effective. What is high and low cost, and how long it takes to burn money, are the basis of our crackdown on dimensionality reduction. This kind of thing has been verified in China, and there is no market for it. I think the investment (opportunity) has passed. If there is an opportunity in China, there are still some opportunities in the industrial Internet.

But our experience in consuming the Internet is very popular in India. Of course, I just said that we must integrate into the characteristics of India and grasp its characteristics and differences.

"China funds have an advantage over American funds in India."

Q: There are other factors, because frankly speaking, this exit is still not perfect, and most of them are still through mergers and acquisitions. How should we always look at this aspect?

Ying Wei:I think there are two aspects, one is what I said at the meeting, that is, Indians don’t know the structure of red chips, which surprised me, but there are many legal problems. CDH’s red-chip structure in China is the earliest, and we are the oldest in the fund. For example, Belle’s listing and Mengniu’s listing are the earliest red-chip structures.

Therefore, the enterprises we invest in now basically need to teach them to make a red-chip structure. For example, if we want to list in Singapore in the future, we will make a Singapore structure. We are also simple and will not lose. In addition, we began to study Indian companies listed in the United States, and the first edition of the report was published. There are many channels for us to quit. To create channels.

In addition, some Indian enterprises have high valuations, and they are as illiquid as in the early days of China, which is exactly the same story. So, some investments are sold by the next round of financing, or I will sell them in the next round and quit, right? Sell it to other investment institutions. The six projects we have invested in will have the next round of financing in the coming year.

Q: You should always talk about the projects you invested in. I think they are quite good enterprises, because there are actually quite a few entrepreneurs going out to sea in China. They go to India and make short videos in various tracks. So I think you have also invested in some entrepreneurs going out to sea. In your opinion, if entrepreneurs going out to sea are compared with local entrepreneurs, how should they look at their own advantages and disadvantages?

It’s only two o’clock on the other side of the sea The biggest advantage of entrepreneurs at sea is the supply chain in China. India now, as I just said, the supply chain is not perfect. Second, when we look at the team, we must have local partners. When you see the sea, I must ask you to have a local partner, a combination of China and India, which is basically everything we have invested.

Therefore, the local market is not as clear as the local people. When you need help, it must be a local partner, and the supply chain must be strong in Chinese, so combine it.

In addition, it is gratifying that many China’s post-80s and post-90s generation are turtles, and the rich second generation have also started their own businesses in India.

Q: Yes, we stayed in Bangalore for about two or three years. In the past, there was basically no Chinese when we went there, but now it is very large. On the other hand, a fund like China is equivalent to going out to sea, right? We used to invest in China, but now we are investing in the world. Compared with other American funds, for example, what are our advantages and disadvantages now?

Ying Wei:At present, funds in China have more advantages than those in the United States. In fact, I already said at the meeting. First, the stage in other places is very similar to that in ours. The development of the Internet in the United States has been transformed now, because the market is different and the population development stage is different. When the Internet was available in the United States, the per capita GDP was already more than 40,000 US dollars, and now it is 50,000 to 60,000 US dollars.

But China is bitter, just like India. Therefore, it makes sense for Indians to learn from us in this market. Look at Paytm. After Ali received it, he sent 200 engineers. They also sent two hundred Indians to Hangzhou to learn from each other. I think this is very different from us and the United States. Everything in India is similar to ours. E-commerce consumption is driven by the demographic dividend, so we look at the Indian market with the development law of China in the past ten years and the development law of the Internet. This is called a dimension reduction blow.

Q: What do you think are the main challenges? Because you just said that some people are biased against the Indian market, but in India, in fact, some media may have some negative reports on China’s investment, which you must have seen.

Ying Wei:All these big institutions, including all local investment banks, are very welcome. All entrepreneurs are very welcome. This is also different from what we originally imagined in China. It is very friendly. Of course, he saw our money. So I think it’s nothing. Therefore, the biggest challenge to us is ourselves.

What I said just now is whether we can realize that we can use China’s ability to reduce the dimension and strike. We have all seen the Internet in the 1980s and 1990s, and they all use the Internet as a tool, so it is easy to understand. The business model can be understood, but whether we can see the difference in India requires insight. We always say that interlacing is like a mountain. Can we find that reason? In fact, the reason is his change and finding the difference in India, so this is the most difficult thing.

Our team requires that I always make a thorough analysis of our industry, export e-commerce industry or social e-commerce industry, and then go to see him, mainly asking him about the difference. The difference is that we are going to (explore), which is the biggest problem we invest.

Every country has different places, and that different place will have an impact on my investment. So this is our biggest problem. We can’t see this difference, or there is no localization. The reason why CDH said (success), you see, few of the foreign investors were successful. Those who went to China to do PE were localized. For example, Sequoia used Shen Nanpeng, and IDG used Xiong Xiaoge because of these people. We are the same. Let’s see if we can find out that feature and compare it with the characteristics of China, and (let’s go) find Indian characteristics.

(Originally published in "Zhixiang. com" WeChat official account: passagegroup)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 9th Title: China’s foreign trade continues its steady and good momentum.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Liu Fei, Zhou Wenqi and Xin Guo.

　　According to data released by the General Administration of Customs of China on the 9th, in the first four months of this year, the total import and export value of China’s foreign trade reached 13.32 trillion yuan, up 5.8% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 1 percentage point faster than the 4.8% in the first quarter. Among them, the monthly import and export in April was 3.43 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.9%.

　　In terms of breakdown, in the first four months of this year, China exported 7.67 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.6%; Imports reached 5.65 trillion yuan, up by 0.02%.

　　Bai Ming, a member of the Academic Degrees Committee of the Ministry of Commerce of China, said that in recent months, with the overall demand of the United States, Europe and Japan slowing down, the scale of China’s foreign trade maintained steady growth, and the growth rate still exceeded expectations, indicating that China’s foreign trade was full of resilience.

　　On May 9, at the container terminal in Lianyungang Port, Jiangsu Province, the cargo ship docked at the berth to load and unload containers (photo of drone). Xinhua News Agency (photo by Wang Chun)

　　In the first four months, the import and export of general trade was 8.72 trillion yuan, up 8.5% year-on-year, accounting for 65.4% of China’s total foreign trade; The import and export of private enterprises reached 7.05 trillion yuan, up 15.8% year-on-year, accounting for more than 50% of China’s total foreign trade.

　　Experts interviewed here generally believe that, despite the adverse factors such as the downward pressure of the world economy and poor demand in overseas markets, China’s foreign trade has continued steadily and its foreign trade structure has been continuously optimized since the smooth transition of epidemic prevention and control.

　　According to the data of the General Administration of Customs, in the first four months, China exported 4.44 trillion yuan of mechanical and electrical products, up 10.5% year-on-year, accounting for 57.9% of the total export value. Among them, driven by the export of new energy vehicles, automobile exports increased by 120.3% year-on-year.

　　In the first quarter of this year, the export of "new three products" such as electric manned vehicles, lithium batteries and solar cells increased by 66.9% year-on-year, which boosted the overall export growth rate by 2 percentage points.

　　This is the scene of the 133rd Canton Fair filmed on April 15th. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Dawei photo

　　At the 133rd Canton Fair, which ended a few days ago, a large number of new products, new technologies and new processes were exhibited for the first time. High-end, intelligent, customized, branded and green low-carbon products were favored by buyers all over the world, highlighting that China manufacturing is constantly moving towards the high end of the global value chain, showing the resilience and vitality of China’s foreign trade.

　　Experts in the industry believe that such high-tech, high value-added products that lead to green transformation have become new growth points for exports, reflecting China’s efforts to achieve effective quality improvement and reasonable growth in quantity at the export level, which is an important manifestation of high-quality development of foreign trade.

　　In recent years, China’s import and export show the characteristics of huge total trade in goods, innovative development of service trade, flourishing new formats, multi-point market flowering and gradual optimization of structure.

　　Including cross-border e-commerce, bonded logistics, bonded maintenance, overseas warehousing, offshore trade, etc., are the effective force of China’s foreign trade development and an important trend of international trade development.

　　On September 2, 2022, in a cross-border bonded warehouse in Hangzhou Comprehensive Bonded Zone, staff were carrying cross-border e-commerce bonded imported goods. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Yushe

　　According to the data of the General Administration of Customs, the import and export of China by bonded logistics increased by 15.4% in the first four months of this year. Among them, exports increased by 23.4% and imports increased by 10.8%.

　　According to the Opinions on Accelerating the Development of New Foreign Trade Formats and Models, China strives to achieve the development level of new foreign trade formats and models in the forefront of innovative countries by 2035. Bai Ming believes that the new format and new model have a gradual role in promoting the development of foreign trade, and it is expected to become a "booster" for the stable growth of foreign trade in the long run.

　　In the first four months, China’s total import and export value to ASEAN, Latin America, Africa and countries along the Belt and Road increased by 13.9%, 10.3%, 17.5% and 16% respectively. Gao Yuning, deputy director of the Institute of International Development and Global Governance of the School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University, believes that under the background of policy support and the positive development of economic and trade relations with traditional trading partners, the contribution of new markets along the "Belt and Road" to trade growth continues to increase.

　　China’s foreign trade promotes stability and quality improvement. In addition to stabilizing "old customers" and "old friends", it also attaches importance to the expansion of new markets. The the State Council executive meeting held in early April requested that enterprises be guided to further explore the markets of developing countries and ASEAN and other regional markets.

　　On September 11th, 2021, in Nanning International Convention and Exhibition Center, Guangxi, visitors walked out of the 18th China — ASEAN Expo Pavilion. Xinhua News Agency reporter Lu Boan photo

　　Boosting the confidence and vitality of foreign trade enterprises has always been the policy focus of China to promote the stable scale and excellent structure of foreign trade. Bai Ming pointed out that due to external factors, China’s foreign trade is still under great pressure this year. It is necessary to implement a combination of policies to stabilize foreign trade and help enterprises stabilize orders and expand the market.

　　Recently, the General Office of the State Council, China issued the Opinions on Promoting the Stable Scale and Excellent Structure of Foreign Trade, proposing to strengthen trade to promote market expansion, stabilize and expand the import and export scale of key products, increase financial support, accelerate the innovative development of foreign trade and optimize the foreign trade development environment.

　　"A series of combination punches for stabilizing foreign trade policies are more systematic, comprehensive and comprehensive, which will play a better supporting role in China’s foreign trade development and will promote the stability and quality of foreign trade throughout the year." Gao Yuning said.

　　What is the date of New Year’s Eve in 2024?

　　February 9, 2024 is New Year’s Eve.

　　Spring Festival holiday arrangement: We have a holiday from February 10th to 17th, with a total of 8 days. Go to work on February 4 (Sunday) and February 18 (Sunday).

　　Encourage all units to implement the system of paid annual leave and arrange employees to rest on New Year’s Eve (February 9).

　　Start and end time of free passage time of minibus during the Spring Festival holiday in 2024:From 00:00 on February 9 (New Year’s Eve) to 24:00 on February 17 (the eighth day of the first month).

　　Encourage all units to implement the system of paid annual leave and arrange employees to rest on New Year’s Eve (February 9).

　　[Extended Information] With the approval of the State Council, we hereby notify you of the specific arrangements for the holidays of New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Labor Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day in 2024.

　　1. New Year’s Day: It is a holiday on January 1st, and it is even closed on weekends.

　　2. Spring Festival: 8 days’ holiday from February 10th to 17th. Go to work on February 4 (Sunday) and February 18 (Sunday). Encourage all units to implement the system of paid annual leave and arrange employees to rest on New Year’s Eve (February 9).

　　3. Tomb-Sweeping Day: We have a holiday from April 4th to 6th, lasting for 3 days. Go to work on Sunday, April 7.

　　4. Labor Day: May 1st to 5th, with 5 days’ holiday. Go to work on Sunday, April 28th and Saturday, May 11th.

　　5. Dragon Boat Festival: It is a holiday on June 10th, and even closed on weekends.

　　6. Mid-Autumn Festival: We will have a holiday from September 15th to 17th, lasting for 3 days. Go to work on Saturday, September 14th.

　　7. National Day: 7 days’ holiday from October 1 to 7. Work on September 29th (Sunday) and October 12th (Saturday).

　　During the holidays, all regions and departments should properly arrange the work of duty and safety, security, epidemic prevention and control, etc. In case of major emergencies, they should report them in time and properly handle them according to regulations to ensure that the people spend the holidays peacefully.

　　Notice of the General Office of the State Council on some holiday arrangements in 2024

　　"Notice of exempting minibus tolls from toll roads during the Spring Festival holiday in 2024"

　　BEIJING, May 17 (Ren Siyu) Less than half of 2019 has passed, but many people have said goodbye several times: the 8-year American drama Game of Thrones will end next week, the 11-year reunion series will say goodbye briefly, and the Big Bang Theory, which has been with the audience for 12 years, is about to usher in the final chapter.

　　On May 17th, Beijing time (May 16th, US time), the sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" will broadcast the final episode of the 12th season for one hour. Many netizens posted their memories, and at the same time, they also reviewed the "eggs" of some dramas.

　　Broadcast for Twelve Years: Redefining "Genius is Sexy"

　　The Big Bang Theory was officially launched in September 2007, telling the funny daily life between four otaku scientists and their beautiful neighbors, with a group of talented scientists as the leading role, which was rare in the TV drama market at that time. With all kinds of jokes, this TV series has also spread all over the world, and it still maintains a high reputation after 12 years of broadcasting.

　　In the play, all four leading men work in Caltech, but they have different degrees of social phobia. Sheldon is extremely obsessive-compulsive, Leonard is always teased, Howard is overprotected by his mother, and rajesh, an Indian, is afraid to talk to girls.

　　In the face of complex interpersonal relationships, their behavior is funny and clumsy, and TV dramas create jokes around the contrast of "high IQ and low EQ".

　　After 12 years of broadcasting, The Big Bang Theory has become one of the most successful sitcoms in the United States, and it has been nominated for more than 50 Emmy Awards. Actor Jim Parsons also won the Emmy Award for Best Comedy Actor for his role of "Sheldon" four times, and became one of the highest-paid TV actors in the United States. China fans also nicknamed him "Sheldon".

　　In 2017, the derivative drama "Little Sheldon" developed by "The Big Bang Theory" performed equally well.

　　The Big Bang Theory not only created a number of vivid characters, but more importantly, redefined that "genius is also sexy". Through fun and interesting dialogues, the TV series explained many scientific knowledge to the audience, such as Schrodinger’s cat, Doppler effect, string theory and so on.

　　In 2017, Hawking awarded the Hawking Science Communication Medal to The Big Bang Theory at the Starr Mu Si Festival in recognition of its contribution to science communication.

　　Looking forward to the finale: the main actors all hope to "fix the elevator"

　　In August 2018, Warner Bros. TV production department announced that the 12th season of The Big Bang Theory will be the final season of the show.

　　Jim Parsons, the actor of "Sheldon", said: "The simple reason is that it is time to end. We have tried a lot of things. It is true that we can tell the story all the time, but we don’t need to squeeze it dry like this."

　　In the past 12 years, the audience witnessed the gradual growth of several scientists. Sheldon, who was once considered as "mitosis", also made a touching confession to his girlfriend and successfully entered the marriage. But at the same time, the characters’ initial sense of comedy contrast is also decreasing. For the audience, "they have changed".

　　It is reported that "The Big Bang Theory" has also become the multi-lens sitcom with the largest number of episodes in American TV history, and the last episode will be the 279th episode, breaking the record of 275 episodes of Cheers.

　　When talking about the idea of the finale, several leading actors said in unison: I hope they can fix the elevator. This elevator has never been repaired since it appeared in the first season. Jim Parsons said: "The elevator was repaired, at least for a short time, and then we were all trapped inside."

　　The producer also said that it is necessary to give the audience a "perfect ending like a classic drama". The audience guessed, will the broken elevator be repaired? Will Sheldon win the Nobel Prize? Will he and Amy have children? How will these characters start a new life?

　　Over the past 12 years, several actors have been deeply attached to each other. "Leonard" Johnny Galecki said in an interview that he selfishly hoped that there would be more emotional scenes in the last episode, because everyone could not stop crying.

　　On May 1st, the recording of the finale ended, the leading actors took photos of their lines for the last time, and the familiar scenery began to be demolished. "Penny" Kare Tsoko shed tears at the scene and conveyed the words of the creator: "The Big Bang will always be in our hearts, it is beautiful, simple and true." Leonard Johnny Galecki said, "Everything is a dream come true for us. You have been the best audience for 12 years."

　　Looking back inside and outside the drama: those unforgettable eggs

　　From the day we learned about the final season, many viewers began to post messages on the Internet. Some people said that this was their own American drama enlightenment.

　　"In 12 years, the elevator has not been repaired, and I am not ready to say goodbye."

　　"It comforted me when I was in trouble."

　　"I cried, I have been with me for so many years."

　　At the same time, they also mentioned some unforgettable drama eggs:

　　1. The scientific adviser behind the tablet

　　In The Big Bang Theory, in order to show the research of Sheldon and his friends, there is often a whiteboard with all kinds of incomprehensible scientific formulas written on it. However, these formulas are not made up out of thin air, and they are inseparable from the scientific consultant of this TV series — — David Saltzberg, professor of physics at UCLA.

　　It is understood that the professor will check the scientific knowledge in the script every time, and he also opened a blog to interpret the scientific content mentioned in the play.

　　Hawking has made seven guest appearances.

　　In The Big Bang Theory, several protagonists study science and love science fiction movies and comic books in their lives, which attracts top figures from all walks of life to make guest appearances, including Stan Lee, the father of Marvel Comics, Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, elon musk, CEO of Tesla, and many famous scientists and entertainers.

　　Among them, the biggest surprise is the famous physicist Stephen Hawking. As the idol of "Sheldon" in the play, he has made seven guest appearances in "The Big Bang Theory". In March 2018, Hawking died, and many viewers commented: "Sheldon’s idol left, and he must be very sad."

　　3. "Roaring Mom" who never shows her face

　　The audience who just started watching The Big Bang Theory will be deeply impressed by a mysterious figure, that is, Howard’s "roaring mother". She loves Howard very much and can’t bear her son to leave her. The conversation between them is growled, and the sentence "Ho-ward" has left a deep impression on countless audiences.

　　However, this mother has never appeared in the play. In 2014, Carol Ann Susi, the actor who voiced "Roaring Mom", died of cancer, and this role could no longer appear in front of the audience. In the 15th episode of the Big Bang Theory, Howard’s mother died, and many viewers expressed their sadness.

　　4. "Xie Er" girlfriend is also a schoolmaster outside the play.

　　In the play, Sheldon’s talented girlfriend (who later proposed successfully), Amy, is a neurobiologist. However, what is even more surprising is that the actor himself, Maim Bialik, is also a neuroscientist.

　　In her early years, she was admitted to Harvard University and Yale University, but she chose to enter UCLA, and received her doctorate in neuroscience in 2008. In the "Big Bang Theory" crew, writers and producers sometimes ask her for some related knowledge related to the background of neuroscience. It can be said that both inside and outside the play are out-and-out university tyrants.

　　What does T-shirt No.5.73 mean?

　　Many viewers still remember that "Sheldon" likes a T-shirt with "73" printed on it, and said that 73 is the most beautiful prime number. In fact, there is a little romance hidden behind this:

　　73 is the 21st prime number, and conversely, 37 is the 12th prime number, and 21 is the product of 7 and 3. Recently, two mathematicians published papers that confirmed Sheldon’s conjecture that 73 is the only prime number with both product and mirror symmetry.

　　In addition, after converting 73 into binary, you can get 1001001, which is the same as reading it backwards. More coincidentally, the actor who plays "Sheldon" was born in 1973. Therefore, this "73" is also said by many people to be the most wonderful number.

　　On May 17th, the Big Bang Theory, which has been with you for 12 years, will finally come to an end. Are you ready? (End)

Beijing Zhengban made [2007] No.33

The people’s governments of the districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, and the municipal institutions:

　　With the consent of the municipal government, we hereby print and distribute the Measures of Beijing Municipality for the Award of Invention Patents to you, please earnestly organize their implementation according to the actual situation.

　　May 14th, 2007　　

Measures of Beijing Municipality on Award of Invention Patents

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　 　 　 　Article 1 In order to encourage innovation achievements to obtain patents, improve the quality of invention patents, promote the implementation and commercialization of invention patents, and commend patentees and inventors who have made outstanding contributions to Beijing’s economic and social development, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Regulations of Beijing Municipality on the Protection and Promotion of Patents.

　　Article 2 "Beijing Invention Patent Award" (hereinafter referred to as "Beijing Invention Patent Award") is a special award item set up by the municipal government to select and commend invention patents with significant economic and social benefits within the administrative area of Beijing. The municipal invention patent award is selected every two years.

　　Article 3 The recommendation, evaluation and awarding of municipal invention patent awards shall follow the principles of openness, fairness and impartiality, pay attention to benefits, and reward the best.

　　Article 4 With the approval of the municipal government, a Municipal Office for the Selection of Invention Patent Awards (hereinafter referred to as the Selection Office) composed of the Municipal Intellectual Property Office, the Municipal Finance Bureau and the Municipal Personnel Bureau was established. The selection office is located in the Municipal Intellectual Property Office and is responsible for the organization, coordination and management of the Municipal Invention Patent Award.

　　The selection office is responsible for the establishment of the municipal invention patent award evaluation committee (hereinafter referred to as the evaluation committee). The review committee shall set up professional review groups according to different fields to be responsible for the review of the municipal invention patent award.

　　Article 5 The municipal invention patent award focuses on invention patents that meet one of the following conditions:

　　(1) It belongs to the key industries or key fields determined in the national economic and social development plan of this Municipality, and has achieved remarkable economic or social benefits;

　　(two) to solve the industrial structure adjustment, the transformation of economic growth mode, energy saving and emission reduction, as well as urban operation, management and safety, traffic congestion and other practical problems faced by the city;

　　(3) Playing a major role in the formation of national standards or international standards.

　　Sixth city invention patent award set up first, second and third prizes, including:

　　(1) Five first prizes, each of which is RMB 200,000;

　　(two) the second prize 15, each award of 100 thousand yuan;

　　(3) 30 third prizes, each of which is RMB 50,000.

　　Special prizes were awarded for invention patents that have made significant contributions to the national economic and social development of this Municipality, with 1 prize awarded and 1 million yuan awarded.

　　City invention patent award funds shall be paid by the municipal finance.

　　Seventh to declare the city invention patent award shall meet the following conditions:

　　(1) The applicant shall be the patentee who is registered in this Municipality or has the household registration and work residence permit in this Municipality, or other patentees who have made outstanding contributions to the public interests and people’s livelihood in this Municipality;

　　(2) The invention patent has been authorized by China National Intellectual Property Administration;

　　(3) The legal status of the invention patent is stable and the ownership is clear.

　　Article 8 The following invention patents shall not be declared as municipal invention patent awards:

　　(a) has won the national technological invention award, China patent award or municipal invention patent award;

　　(2) The ownership of the patent is disputed;

　　(three) the declaration of the previous municipal invention patent award has not won the award and there is no new substantive progress in the implementation.　　

　 　 　 　Article 9 The patentee shall declare the municipal invention patent award according to one of the following procedures:

　　(a) to the municipal administrative department, the district and county departments for patent administration or related industry associations (hereinafter referred to as the recommended units) to declare;

　　(two) to declare the award of the invention patent recommended by experts, the patentee directly to the selection office.

　　Tenth recommendation units to review the application materials, put forward specific recommendations, and submit them to the selection office.

　　If the application materials do not meet the requirements, the recommendation unit or the selection office shall require the applicant to make corrections within the specified time; If it is not corrected within the time limit or still does not meet the requirements after correction, it will not be submitted for review.

　　Eleventh selection office to summarize and classify the application materials, and organize the corresponding professional review group for preliminary examination.

　　The professional evaluation team shall, by secret ballot, put forward suggestions on the award-winning invention patents and award grades to the evaluation committee.

　　The review committee deliberates the suggestions of various professional review groups, and makes a preliminary resolution on the award-winning invention patent and award grade by secret ballot.

　　Twelfth according to the preliminary resolution of the jury, the selection office will publicize the preliminary results in the designated media.

　　Organizations and individuals who have objections to the results of the preliminary examination may raise objections to the selection office in writing within 30 days from the date of publication.

　　The selection office organizes experts to review the contents of the objection, make a review opinion, and inform the objecting party of the result.

　　Thirteenth after the end of the publicity, the selection office will review the preliminary results and review opinions, and determine the list of proposed awards, which will be approved by the Municipal Personnel Bureau and reported to the municipal government.

　　After the approval of the municipal government, the list of winners will be published, and certificates and bonuses will be awarded to the winning patentees and inventors.

　　Article 14 The unit or personnel management department of the inventor who won the municipal invention patent award shall record the award and its main contribution in my file as one of the basis for promotion assessment.

　　Fifteenth invention patents that have won the second prize of the Municipal Invention Patent Award and meet the relevant reporting conditions shall be recommended by the selection office to declare the National Technological Invention Award or the China Patent Award.

　　Article 16 The experts and relevant staff participating in the evaluation shall not disclose the evaluation, and those who are involved in the patents declared for awards in the current year or have an interest in the patentee and inventor who declared for awards shall withdraw.

　　Seventeenth by fraud, plagiarism and other improper means to infringe upon the patent rights of others, to defraud the city invention patent award, the award shall be revoked and published in the relevant media.

　　Eighteenth in the process of evaluation of the municipal invention patent award fraud, favoritism, the evaluation experts cancel their qualification, the staff shall be given administrative sanctions in accordance with the relevant provisions.

　　Article 19 The Municipal Intellectual Property Office shall formulate detailed rules for implementation in accordance with these Measures.

　　Twentieth these Measures shall come into force as of January 1, 2008.

　　Since Tesla spontaneously ignited in the basement in early 2019, pure electric vehicles have been under a spell, and many spontaneous combustion incidents have occurred one after another. Since then, the safety of new energy vehicles has been pushed to the center of the storm, and a ruthless fire has been set up together, which has extinguished consumers’ enthusiasm for new energy vehicles, making the market cold.

　　After incomplete statistics, since 2019, according to domestic and foreign media reports, there have been more than 40 safety accidents of electric vehicles related to power batteries, including Weilai, a new car-making company known as "China Tesla". Because of frequent spontaneous combustion, Weilai has recalled 4,803 ES8s to prevent the fire from happening again.

　　(Weilai ES8)

　　Just as consumers labeled Weilai as "unsafe", on July 31st, J.D.Power, a consumer insight and market research institution, released the 2019 China New Energy Vehicle Experience Research Report for the first time, and the research results showed that Weilai automobile quality surpassed BMW and ranked first. This empirical study focuses on the quality problems encountered by new owners of new energy vehicles with a service life of 2 to 6 months. The new car quality score is expressed by the average number of problems per 100 vehicles (PP100). The lower the score, the better the quality. This study focuses on the complete experience and satisfaction of users in the process of pre-sales, sales and product use.

　　"Spontaneous combustion" and "safety and quality rank first" two irreconcilable words appeared together in Weilai, and this new car-making power head enterprise seems to have found a way to prove itself.

　　Standing at the gate of No.9766 Susong Road, Shushan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei City, Anhui Province, this is the location of Jianghuai Weilai Automobile Factory and the last line of defense for Weilai Automobile to control quality and safety.

　　Walking into the factory, Shen Feng, Vice President of Weilai Quality and Chairman of Quality Management Committee, dressed in light blue overalls, is waiting for the arrival of everyone. The "veteran" of the automobile industry who once worked as a 6-Sigma black belt master in Ford Motor Company, as the global CTO of Polestar and the president of China, and as the president of Volvo China R&D Company, is now in charge of the overall management of Weilai quality.

　　(Shen Feng, Vice President of Weilai Quality and Chairman of Quality Management Committee)

　　Under the leadership of Shen Feng, "quality is faith" has become the motto of Weilai quality and safety team.

　　The recall is indeed "unfortunate", so we should grasp the problem from the source of design.

　　When talking about the spontaneous combustion accident of electric vehicles and the recall of Weilai ES8, the main person in charge did not seem to shy away.

　　Shen Feng said that there have been many spontaneous combustion incidents in new energy vehicles recently, including Weilai. The recall incident was a little special. At that time, it was unlucky to communicate with relevant government departments for many times. However, this start-up car company seems to have set an industry record. It took less than one month for nearly 5,000 cars to be recalled and re-delivered. This is a very difficult thing.

　　At that time, after the recall incident, public opinion was polarized. One kind of consumers agreed that the recall gave Weilai more opportunities, while more consumers criticized this young enterprise, believing that it was on the verge of "stall" or would roll over. However, the quality and safety system that Weilai is building seems to give this company a barrier that is "rapidly driving".

　　Shen Feng believes that to solve the quality problem, we should start from the source of design. He believes that only by controlling the quality of early design and strengthening the early identification and prevention of risks can the safety and robustness of products be fully guaranteed. As a result, FMEA Committee (covering CFMEA, DFMEA and PFMEA) and Safety Committee (covering seven safety fields: function, machinery, collision, battery, network, high voltage and chemistry) came into being, and were responsible for overall control of product design quality.

　　As a set of safety system, FEMA runs through all aspects of Weilai product development, manufacturing and cooperation. In each link, there is also a set of strict testing procedures that need to be followed. For example, DOE-experimental design; APQP-advance planning of product quality in supply chain; PPAP-approval procedure for production parts; Sip-standard inspection procedure for manufacturing links; Dts-size technical specifications and so on.

　　In Shen Feng’s view, as a mass-produced industrial product, automobiles need many parts. If you want to have both quality and quantity, you can only do it by forming a system.

　　In supplier selection, according to Ma Ying, senior director of quality management of Weilai Partners, the professional team established by Weilai has been involved in the supplier system since the beginning of product design, and Weilai’s quality team will directly participate in the supplier product quality pre-planning process.

　　(Ma Ying, Senior Director of Quality Management of Weilai Partner)

　　At the same time, Weilai established the first supplier quality certification system "NIO Quality Premium Partner" of New Energy Automobile Company, and further strengthened the control of quality and safety sources on the basis of full performance monitoring.

　　For the safety and quality of products, being "stubborn" may be the only way out for Weilai.

　　Do a good job in service quality and target user enterprises.

　　Doing a good job in product quality is only a small step into the automobile market, and how to do a good job in consumer service is also the touchstone to test the quality standards of enterprises.

　　Shen Feng stated that quality is not only the work to be done by the quality department, but also the work to be done by all staff of Weilai. To do a good job in building a car, in the user’s view, focus on products and services, which gives employees the same mission as Weilai’s vision of "quality is faith" As a user enterprise, "customer first" is not just talk. If you become a customer of Weilai, you will definitely experience the difference of this China brand.

　　In NIO HOUSE Weilai Center in Oriental Plaza, No.1 East Chang ‘an Avenue, Beijing, after asking several car owners, everyone was satisfied with Weilai’s after-sales service, helping parents to help their children with their homework and to arrive at the scene to assist in handling the accident as soon as possible after a vehicle collision, which really reflected Weilai’s determination to do a good job in after-sales service.

　　Behind the high satisfaction of users, technology is also helping Weilai to improve service quality. As a consumer, it usually takes more than one month to get feedback from the dealer to the relevant departments of the manufacturer in the traditional OEM when there are problems in the automobile products that need to be solved. However, in today’s increasingly advanced technology, Weilai has developed a Debug system, and the feedback from the owner can go directly to the manufacturer, and the time is shortened to seconds, and the efficiency of solving problems has been rapidly improved.

　　"How fast is this speed? For example, if you find abnormal noise in the seat, you can directly say’ I want feedback’ to NOMI. When NOMI said’ I know’, Weilai backstage staff had already received feedback. In addition, Weilai basically replies to users within 12 hours. Therefore, we can not only receive problems quickly, but also solve them quickly, "Shen Feng said proudly.

　　According to Yao Wei, quality director of Weilai’s mass production products, Weilai has collected more than 70,000 suggestions and feedbacks since the Debug system was put into operation. Apart from product complaints or vehicle quality problems, a large part of them are users’ suggestions on the product’s room for improvement.

　　For example, not long ago, a car owner said that children often fiddled with the buttons on the car, which led to the high and low air volume of the air conditioner, so he put forward the suggestion of locking the air conditioner for children. After receiving the feedback, Yao Wei’s team updated the air conditioning lock function on the 2.0 version of the in-vehicle system through communication and response.

　　The word "quality and safety" may be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people in NIO HOUSE and even the whole factory in Jianghuai Weilai Manufacturing Factory. How can Weilai do a good job in quality and safety? The whole staff of this enterprise seems to be slowly giving the answer.

　　(This article comes from Geshi Auto Network)

　　At the 4th China International Import Expo (China International Import Expo(CIIE) for short), the China market, with a population of over 1.4 billion and a middle-income group of over 400 million, attracted the attention of many trading partners and multinational enterprises. The reporter of Economic Information Daily learned in China International Import Expo(CIIE) that China will make efforts in many aspects to promote consumption upgrading, build a strong domestic market, open up the domestic and international markets at a high level, and share the development opportunities of China with the world.

　　Data show that the total retail sales of social consumer goods in China increased from 20.6 trillion yuan in 2012 to 39.2 trillion yuan in 2020, nearly doubling in eight years. China has become the second largest consumer market in the world, with continuous optimization of consumption structure, rapid growth of sales of upgraded goods, continuous expansion of green, healthy and sustainable consumption and rapid development of service consumption. In the first nine months of this year, China’s Engel coefficient was 29.8%, down 0.7 percentage points compared with the same period last year; Service consumption accounted for 52.3% of residents’ consumption expenditure, up by 2.4 percentage points.

　　At the 4th Hongqiao International Economic Forum "Sub-forum on New Consumption Trends under the New Development Pattern of Double Circulation", Wang Shouwen, Vice Minister of Commerce and Deputy Representative of International Trade Negotiations, said that China has a large market with a population of 1.4 billion and the largest middle-income group in the world. The consumption structure of residents is in the stage of continuous upgrading, with obvious multi-level and diversified demand characteristics, and the consumption market has great potential, strong resilience and sufficient vitality, and has broad development space.

　　Wang Shouwen emphasized that China will unswervingly deepen reform and open wider to the outside world, more efficiently connect the internal and external markets and share essential resources, and promote the steady recovery and sustainable development of consumption, which will not only meet the growing needs of China people for a better life, but also inject more positive energy into the international community. "At present, China is speeding up the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other. Consumption is an important engine of economic development, an important support for promoting high-quality development and achieving high-quality life, and plays an important role in building a new development pattern. " He said.

　　At the opening ceremony of the fourth China International Import Expo(CIIE), China announced that it would pay more attention to expanding imports and promoting balanced trade development; Add import trade to promote innovation demonstration zones, optimize the list of cross-border e-commerce retail imported goods, promote the landing processing of imported goods in border trade, and increase imports from neighboring countries; Promote the integration of domestic and foreign trade, accelerate the construction of an international consumption center city, develop "Silk Road E-commerce", build a modern logistics system, and enhance cross-border logistics capabilities.

　　The continuous release of market potential and the favorable opening-up have further ignited the enthusiasm of foreign-funded enterprises for China’s consumer market. In the food and agricultural products exhibition area, the reporter saw durian in Malaysia, fragrant rice in Thailand, coffee in Colombia, wine in Argentina and beef in Uruguay &hellip; &hellip; Multinational enterprises bring special products and compete to open the China market with the help of China International Import Expo(CIIE) platform.

　　Some countries organized delegations to participate in the exhibition, and the exhibition organizations in Japan, Denmark, Poland, New Zealand and other countries expanded the exhibition area and organized more small and medium-sized enterprises representing their own characteristics to participate in the exhibition. Among them, only the exhibition area in Central and Eastern Europe exceeds 1,500 square meters, and the number of enterprises exceeds 60.

　　Not only special agricultural products and food exhibits have attracted much attention, but also upgraded electronic products, jewelry and beauty cosmetics have become the highlights in China International Import Expo(CIIE). The reporter saw that in front of the Samsung booth, the latest tablets, smart watches and wireless Bluetooth headsets were all unveiled; Shiseido showcased the company’s cutting-edge technology and its major brands, and explored investment opportunities in China’s beauty and health fields; Deluca Jewelry has brought many sets of new jewelry, and regards China International Import Expo(CIIE) as an ideal platform to show brands and products to the China market &hellip; &hellip;

　　The demand for market upgrading in China has also become the driving force for enterprise innovation. According to Xie Weibo, member of Danone’s global executive committee and president of China and Oceania, consumption in China is escalating, and consumers have great demand for health and natural products. "In order to keep up with the pace of China, Danone has established an open laboratory for life nutrition in China, paying more attention to promoting the development of local science and technology and innovating for the China market." Xie Weibo said.

　　Huang Degui, president of Samsung in China, said that Samsung is very optimistic about the market prospects in China. It is understood that as a company that has participated in China International Import Expo(CIIE) for four consecutive years, Samsung, driven by innovation, continues to show the industry the cutting-edge technologies that will lead the future development, and enrich the expectations of China consumers for a better life through innovative products.

　　Kentaro Fujiwara, CEO of Shiseido China, stressed that Shiseido, as an international beauty group based on the 40th anniversary of China, continues to be optimistic about the development prospects of the China market. "We will take a two-pronged approach to seize development opportunities by adding a series of strategic measures of local R&D and introducing global innovation." He said.

　　Wei Wang, director of the Institute of Market Economy of the State Council Development Research Center, said that in the process of accelerating the construction of a new development pattern, consumption has become the core driving force, key link and important hub of the dual-cycle development, providing huge market opportunities for global multinational companies. At the same time, there are a large number of new consumption demands in China market, which provides rich application scenarios for scientific and technological innovation of global enterprises, and is conducive to promoting the innovation and development of domestic and foreign enterprises and upgrading the industrial structure.

Guangdong Finance Procurement [2020] No.13

Provincial units:

　　In order to implement the spirit of deepening the reform plan of government procurement system and strictly meet the requirements of "tight days", according to the relevant laws and regulations such as the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Government Procurement Law" and its implementation regulations, the relevant matters concerning the standardization of the approval of provincial single-source procurement methods and the approval and management of imported products are hereby notified as follows:

　　I. Strictly examine and approve single-source procurement methods.

　　(1) For goods or services that meet any of the following circumstances, the purchaser may purchase them by single source according to law:

　　1. Goods or services can only be purchased from a specific supplier due to the use of irreplaceable patents and know-how;

　　2. Public service projects have special requirements and can only be purchased from a specific supplier;

　　3. Unable to purchase from other suppliers due to unforeseen emergency;

　　4. It is necessary to ensure the consistency of the original procurement projects or the requirements of supporting services, and it is necessary to continue to purchase from the original suppliers, and the total amount of additional funds does not exceed 10% of the original contract purchase amount;

　　5. If there is only one bidder (quotation) or only one bidder (quotation) who has passed the qualification examination or compliance examination after the bidding (quotation) deadline for a procurement project with an open tender amount above the standard, it is proved by experts that there are no unreasonable clauses in the procurement documents and the procurement procedures are in compliance with the regulations.

　　(2) The purchaser shall, in accordance with the decision-making system of "three majors and one big" matters, include the goods or services that meet the standard of open tender and intend to adopt the single-source procurement method in the discussion and decision-making scope of the "three majors and one big" matters of the unit.

　　(three) the purchaser intends to use a single source procurement, should be in the procurement activities before the start, invite professionals to demonstrate. Professionals can be selected by the purchaser or randomly selected from the expert database of government procurement evaluation. Demonstration professionals should have no economic and administrative affiliation with the purchaser. Professionals should objectively and independently issue complete, clear and definite argumentation opinions:One isWhether the budget arrangement of procurement projects is scientific and reasonable (Annex 1);The second isWhether the purchased items must be purchased from a sole supplier (Annex 2). Arguments should be filled in manually by professionals in accordance with the prescribed format.

　　(four) the competent budget unit shall strengthen the management of single source procurement in this department. For goods or services that meet the standard of public bidding amount, if it is planned to adopt the single-source procurement method, it should focus on examining whether the budget arrangement of the project is reasonable, whether it belongs to the circumstances stipulated in Article 31 of the Government Procurement Law and Article 27 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Government Procurement Law, and the necessity of adopting single-source procurement, and issue written examination opinions.

　　(5) Where the goods or services that meet the standard of open tender amount are intended to adopt a single-source method, the purchaser shall apply to the Provincial Department of Finance for approval and submit the following materials before the start of procurement activities and after reporting to the competent budget unit for approval:

　　1. Basic information such as the name of the purchaser, the name of the procurement project and the general situation of the project;

　　2 reasons for applying for single-source procurement;

　　3. For goods or services that meet the standard of open tender amount and intend to adopt the single-source procurement method, it is necessary to provide the minutes and records of the meeting of the unit’s "three majors and one big" matters;

　　4 written examination opinions of the competent budget unit;

　　5. Written opinions of the professionals involved in the demonstration, as well as the names, work units and titles of the professionals;

　　6 "Guangdong provincial government procurement network" single source procurement publicity;

　　7. The budget amount of the procurement project, the main basis and reasons for the budget amount of the project, the budget approval document or the proof of the source of funds.

　　Two, strictly approve the government procurement of imported products.

　　(1) A purchaser may purchase imported products under any of the following circumstances:

　　1. Not available in China or not available on reasonable commercial terms;

　　2. Purchasing for use outside China;

　　3. There are similar products in China, but they cannot meet the real demand, and it is really necessary to purchase imported products;

　　4. Provincial universities, scientific research institutes and the undertaking units that use provincial social science project funds to purchase scientific research instruments and equipment purchase scientific research instruments and equipment.

　　(II) According to the Notice on Improving the Procurement Management of Scientific Research Instruments and Equipment in Provincial Universities and Research Institutes (Yuecai Procurement [2017] No.3) and the Notice on the Procurement Management of Scientific Research Instruments and Equipment in Provincial Financial and Social Science Research Projects (Yuecai Procurement [2018] No.2), provincial universities, research institutes and undertaking units that use provincial social science project funds to purchase scientific research instruments and equipment shall implement the filing system.

　　(3) The purchaser shall, in accordance with the decision-making system of "three majors and one big thing", include the imported product items that the domestic similar products to be purchased really cannot meet the demand in the discussion and decision-making scope of the "three majors and one big thing" of the unit.

　　(4) Where the purchaser intends to purchase imported products, he shall invite experts to conduct professional argumentation before the procurement activities begin, and the experts shall objectively and independently put forward specific argumentation opinions. The expert group shall be composed of more than 5 people, including 1 legal expert, and the product technical expert shall be an expert familiar with the product. Demonstration experts can be selected by the purchaser himself, or randomly selected from the expert database of government procurement evaluation, and the demonstration experts should have no economic and administrative affiliation with the purchaser. The purchaser shall not participate in the demonstration as a member of the expert group.

　　(five) if the products to be purchased have domestic similar products, in principle, it is not allowed to purchase imported products. If it is really necessary to purchase imported products, the purchaser shall apply from the aspects of the necessity and irreplaceability of imported products, the substantial impact of purchasing domestic similar products on the work, etc. The argumentation experts shall objectively and independently demonstrate the reasons for the purchaser’s application, and the argumentation opinions shall be complete, clear and definite, and shall be filled in manually by the argumentation experts according to the prescribed format (see Annex 4 for details).

　　(six) the competent budget unit shall strengthen the management of imported products purchased by the government of this department. For the procurement items that the subordinate units intend to apply for purchasing imported products, they should focus on examining whether the imported products to be purchased exceed the standard, whether the procurement demand is reasonable, whether the domestic similar products meet the demand, the necessity of purchasing imported products, etc., and issue written examination opinions.

　　(VII) In addition to provincial universities, scientific research institutes and undertaking units that use provincial social science project funds to purchase scientific research instruments and equipment, the procurement unit shall submit a written application to the department in charge of approving imported products before the procurement activities, and submit the following materials:

　　1. Overview of procurement projects and list of imported products purchased by the government (Annex 3);

　　2. If it is planned to purchase imported products with domestic similar products that really cannot meet the demand, it is necessary to provide the minutes and records of the meeting of the unit’s "three majors and one big" matters;

　　3. Review opinions of the competent budget unit;

　　4. The main purpose, necessity and irreplaceability of applying for purchasing imported products, and the substantial impact of purchasing domestic similar products on work;

　　5. Comparison of domestic similar products and imported products;

　　6. Written opinions of experts participating in the demonstration, as well as the names, work units and titles of professionals;

　　7. Project budget amount, budget approval document or proof of fund source.

　　III. Standardize the management of the list of imported products of the department.

　　In order to deepen the decentralization of government procurement, we will continue to implement departmental import product list management at the provincial level.

　　(A) to develop the main body

　　The provincial competent budget unit shall formulate the list of imported products of the department in combination with the characteristics of the department’s procurement needs. The list is managed dynamically and is valid for one year. Within the validity period of the list, if the supplier raises any objection, the competent budget unit shall make dynamic adjustment in time.

　　(II) Mode of application

　　1. There are no imported products of the same kind in China.During the validity period of the list, the purchaser purchases the products in the list without repeating the organization of expert argumentation, and directly carries out procurement activities after filing with the Provincial Department of Finance.

　　2. There are imported products of similar products in China.Within the validity period of the list, the purchaser shall submit to the competent budget unit a description of the main purpose, necessity, irreplaceability, and the substantial impact of purchasing domestic similar products on the work, and carry out procurement activities after the approval of the competent budget unit and filing with the Provincial Department of Finance.

　　(3)Develop a program

　　1. collect products.The competent budget unit is responsible for collecting and summarizing the annual imported products of this department. Specifically, it includes the name and model of imported products, the policy basis for purchasing imported products and the necessity of purchasing imported products.

　　2. Expert argumentation.The expert group shall consist of an odd number of more than 5 people, including 1 legal expert, and the product technical expert shall be an expert familiar with the products in the list. The expert group shall focus on the necessity and irreplaceability of imported products, and the substantial impact of purchasing domestic similar products on the work, and make an objective and independent demonstration. The demonstration opinions shall be complete, clear and definite, and shall be filled in manually by the demonstration experts in accordance with the prescribed format (see Annex 4 for details).

　　3. publicity.The competent budget unit will publicize the demonstrated list on the "Guangdong Provincial Government Procurement Network", and the publicity period shall not be less than 10 working days. The publicity contents shall include but not limited to: the name and model of the imported products, the necessity and relevant explanations of the imported products, the specific argumentation opinions of the expert group on the imported products to be purchased, and the names, work units and titles of the expert group members, and the publicity period.

　　4. Objection handling.Any supplier, unit or individual who has any objection to the list may report it to the competent budget unit within the publicity period or the validity period. The competent budget unit shall organize experts to re-demonstrate, and if the objection is established, the product shall be deleted from the list.

　　5. filing.After the expiration of the publicity period, the competent budget unit shall report to the Provincial Department of Finance for the record and attach the following materials:

　　(1) the necessity of imported products and related explanations;

　　(2) the specific opinions of the experts involved in the demonstration, as well as the names, work units and professional titles of the experts;

　　(3) the publicity of the list of imported products and the handling of objections.

　　Fourth, strengthen the supervision and management of government procurement　

　　The purchaser shall, in accordance with the principle of "who purchases, who is responsible", seriously carry out market research and price calculation, implement relevant expenditure standards, and reasonably and scientifically determine the procurement demand. The competent budget department should strictly manage the change of single-source mode and the procurement of imported products, and establish and improve the internal management system of departmental government procurement. The Provincial Department of Finance will establish a smart cloud platform for government procurement integrating transaction and supervision, and comprehensively reflect the implementation of government procurement by all units by means of intelligent monitoring and big data early warning, and strengthen the supervision of government procurement by government procurement transparency evaluation, financial performance evaluation and government procurement agency evaluation.

　　Attachment:

　　　　　

　　　　　

　　　　　

Guangdong Provincial Finance Department　　

July 29, 2020

　 　 [XCAR car original]

　　　　In the last issue of "Engine Oil Lecture Hall (I)", the author explained to you what engine oil is, what is the meaning of engine oil label, and how to distinguish between true and false engine oil. Some friends may ask, saying that there are many doorways in this oil, so how should we choose? Don’t worry, we will continue to talk to you about engine oil in this issue of Engine Oil Lecture Hall (Part II).

　　　　The first part helps everyone to better understand the engine oil through simple introduction and parameter analysis. This article will mainly combine theoretical knowledge with practice to talk about how to choose engine oil. As the so-called "suit the remedy to the case", the reason why we change the oil is the same. If we want to choose the right medicine, we must first understand what the "symptom" is. Everyone knows that engine oil is engine lubricating oil, so its function is only as simple as lubrication? Below, the author will give you a brief introduction to the role of engine oil, which is also convenient for us to "prescribe the right medicine".

1. What is the function of engine oil?

　　　　Engine oil plays an important role in the engine. As long as the engine is running, the engine oil will not stop flowing, and in this flow, it will complete its mission. So what are the main functions of engine oil?

1, lubrication, reduce wear and tear

　　　　Lubricating oil, of course, the first task is lubrication. When the engine is running, high-speed friction will occur on the surfaces of various metal parts. The function of engine oil is to form an oil film between parts through flow, reduce friction resistance and reduce wear, thus prolonging the life of the engine.

2. Cleaning function

　　　　When the engine oil circulates in the engine, it can bring out the carbon deposit, oil stain, sludge and other dirty things produced by the engine, and finally settle in the oil pan to prevent the dirty things from re-entering the engine, thus achieving the cleaning function.

3. Protective effect

　　　　In addition to lubricating the engine, engine oil can also play a protective role through its own "oiliness". For example, engine oil adheres to the surface of metal parts for a long time, so that the metal parts are isolated from the air, which can play a role in rust prevention and oxidation resistance. In addition, the oil adheres to the gap between parts, and the oil film formed can make the parts better sealed and reduce the possibility of leakage.

4. Auxiliary cooling

　　　　With the continuous circulation and flow of the engine in high-speed operation, the engine oil can take out part of the heat in the engine and play an auxiliary cooling role.

5. Buffering effect

　　　　Engine oil can bear part of the impact load transmitted by the bearing, and at the same time, it can also play a certain buffering role for the mutual impact between components.

Second, how should I choose engine oil?

　　　　The above introduces some basic knowledge about engine oil, so what should we do in the process of actually selecting and buying engine oil? The following editor will give you a few tips and introduce how to choose the right engine oil in different categories.

1. The 4S shop told me that this engine oil is special. Is it true?

　　　　First of all, engine oil only has the similar industry standards such as SAE and API mentioned above. Because engine oil manufacturers don’t develop engine oil according to a certain model, there is no such thing as "special vehicle" or "original engine oil", and those products packaged as "original engine oil" are actually produced by engine oil manufacturers, even commercial engine oil. The reason for this phenomenon is just that automobile manufacturers pursue profits. Secondly, as long as you choose the engine oil that meets the vehicle’s use environment, it is appropriate. So don’t be superstitious about those "special engine oil" statements.

2. What kind of engine oil is used in winter?

　　　　Before the cold winter comes, if you happen to need to change the oil, it is recommended that you choose a type with good low temperature fluidity. For example, if you are in the cold northern region, it is recommended that you choose the product with the label of 0W, such as Jinjixing J700U(0W-40/0W-50). If you are in the south where winter is not cold, it is enough to choose products with the label of 5W and 10W. For example, Jinjixing series J500, J600 and J700 all have products with 5W-40 and 5W-30.

3. What kind of engine oil is used in summer?

　　　　Although the temperature is high in summer, it is still a drop in the bucket compared with the high temperature of about 100℃ in the engine, so the selection of engine oil in summer is not too affected by the environment. At present, the viscosity of synthetic engine oil is less affected by temperature, and the engine produced in recent years has newer technology and more precise components, so it doesn’t need too much oil viscosity. In most parts of China, you can only choose SAE 30 products. If your engine is old or worn, it is recommended that you choose SAE 40 products.

4. My car is turbocharged. What kind of engine oil should I use?

　　　　We know that the turbocharged engine with the same displacement is more powerful than the naturally aspirated engine, and its components are more prone to wear, which is beyond doubt. So what kind of oil does a turbocharged engine need? Turbocharged engines need oil with good wear resistance, high temperature resistance, high oil film strength and so on. It is suggested to choose all synthetic engine oil or semi-synthetic engine oil, because synthetic engine oil is the best choice for turbocharged vehicles because of its small temperature change and strong high temperature resistance, which can ensure the oil film strength.

5. synthetic engine oil is so good, is it suitable for all cars?

　　　　Theoretically, all cars can be used in synthetic engine oil. Synthetic engine oil is favored by many car owners because of its good wear resistance and stable stickiness, but are all cars suitable for all synthetic engine oil? The answer is no, for most cars, all synthetic engine oil is a good choice, but its thin oil film is not suitable for old cars with serious wear and tear, or economic models with insufficient engine processing accuracy, because the gap between engine parts of these two types of cars is usually large, and the thin oil film of full synthetic oil can not play a good role in lubrication, resulting in unnecessary wear, resulting in the situation that the anti-wear effect is not as good as that of mineral oil. Therefore, although "flour and rice" is delicious, it may not fill your stomach. Not all cars in synthetic engine oil are suitable.