The latest tips of Anhui disease control

Entering the late autumn season, the weather is getting colder and colder, the temperature difference between morning and evening is large, and respiratory infectious diseases and some intestinal infectious diseases are frequent. Anhui CDC warmly reminds residents to focus on the prevention of influenza, mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, novel coronavirus infection, chickenpox, norovirus infectious diarrhea, hand, foot and mouth disease and other infectious diseases.

flu

Influenza, referred to as "flu" for short, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus infection, which is mainly spread by droplets and contact, and has the characteristics of strong infectivity and fast spread. The main symptoms after infection are fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, sore throat, cough and expectoration.

01- Influenza Vaccination

Vaccination against influenza is the most effective means to prevent influenza. It can significantly reduce the risk of influenza and serious complications of vaccinators.

02- Maintain good hygiene habits

Wash your hands frequently, use soap or hand sanitizer, and wash your hands with flowing water for at least 20 seconds; When sneezing or coughing, cover your nose and mouth lightly with a handkerchief or paper towel to avoid direct contact with your hands; The living room should be ventilated 2~3 times a day for at least 20 minutes each time to keep indoor air circulation.

03- Personal protection

Avoid contact with patients with flu symptoms. In the popular season, try to reduce to crowded and relatively closed public places. If you need to go, wear a mask.

04- Self-monitoring

If you have flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough and sore throat, you should be isolated at home and treated in time, and you should not go to class or work with illness.

05- Implement the morning (afternoon) inspection.

Schools, kindergartens and other collective units should standardize the registration system for morning (noon) check-ups and absenteeism due to illness and do a good job in health education. If sick students are found, parents should be informed to take them away from school for treatment in time to prevent the spread of the epidemic.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is an acute infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which is mainly transmitted by direct contact and droplets. After mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, the main clinical symptoms are fever and cough, with severe cough (similar to whooping cough), which may be accompanied by headache, runny nose, sore throat and other symptoms.

01- Strengthen ventilation

Do a good job in the cleanliness and ventilation of study and living places, regularly clean classrooms, dormitories, canteens and other public areas, and keep the indoor and outdoor environment clean and tidy; Open the window for ventilation 2~3 times a day, each time for no less than 20 minutes, to keep indoor air circulation.

02- Reduce Aggregation

Avoid public places with dense population and poor air circulation during the popular season. Wear a mask if you have to go.

03- Good hand hygiene

Rub your hands with running water and hand sanitizer (or soap) before and after meals and going home, and rinse with running water for at least 20 seconds.

04- Develop Healthy Habits

Moderate exercise, adequate sleep, proper nutrition in children’s diet, increased outdoor exercise, and improved immunity and resistance.

05- Strengthen health monitoring

Children should try to stay at home when they have symptoms of respiratory infection. If they have fever with severe cough or persistent cough, they should seek medical advice as soon as possible to avoid delaying their illness.

Novel coronavirus infection

At present, the epidemic situation of infection in novel coronavirus has remained at a low level, but the virus has not disappeared, and the public should still take proper personal protection.

01- wearing a mask scientifically

When taking public transport such as buses, subways and high-speed trains, and entering and leaving crowded and poorly ventilated public places, always wear masks.

02- Maintain good hygiene habits

Wash your hands frequently after going home or using public facilities; When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with elbows or paper towels; Open windows regularly at home and workplace for ventilation, and do a good job in daily hygiene of the room.

03- Develop healthy habits

Maintain adequate rest, moderate exercise, balanced diet, and enhance your own resistance.

04- Vaccination with Covid-19 Vaccine

According to the latest national requirements, it is suggested that targeted Covid-19 vaccination should be carried out for key groups such as the elderly, so as to fill the immunization gap and build an immune barrier.

05- Do a good job in health monitoring

If you have symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, etc., don’t go to class or work without illness, and try to avoid contact with others.

chickenpox

Acute infectious diseases caused by primary infection of varicella-zoster virus are mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets or direct contact, and can also be transmitted through contaminated appliances, which are more common in children. The incubation period is generally 10~21 days, with an average of 14 days. It is characterized by spots, papules, herpes and scabs on the skin and mucosa in batches with mild systemic symptoms. Chickenpox is a self-limited disease, which usually heals itself in about 10 days.

01- Vaccination against varicella

Vaccination with varicella vaccine is the most direct and effective measure to prevent varicella. At present, two doses of varicella vaccination program is recommended. Inoculate the first dose at the age of 12 months, and the second dose at the age of 4 years (the interval between the two doses is at least 3 months), thus obtaining more comprehensive protection. The interval between two doses of susceptible people aged 13 and above is at least 8 weeks.

02- Patients should seek medical attention in time.

Patients should seek medical treatment as soon as possible after onset, and be treated at home or in hospital according to the doctor’s advice until herpes is completely crusted and dry.

03- Clean and disinfect the articles.

Disinfect clothes, towels, bedding and other items that come into contact with varicella and herpes fluid, and do not share them with healthy people.

04- Schools do a good job in management.

Once a chicken pox case occurs in the school, parents should be immediately informed to take it away from the campus and seek medical treatment; Implement the morning (noon) inspection system, and register and report the absence due to illness; In the classroom, windows are often opened for air exchange to keep the air circulating, and the high-frequency contact surfaces such as classroom environment and door handles are disinfected.

Norovirus infectious diarrhea

The high incidence of Norovirus-infected diarrhea is from October every year to March the following year, and crowd gathering places such as schools and kindergartens are high incidence places. The common symptoms of norovirus-infected diarrhea are nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Children mainly vomit, while adults mostly have diarrhea, and the feces are watery or watery.

01- Good hand hygiene

Wash your hands thoroughly before and after meals and before making food, and keep the environment clean. Wash your hands with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds.

02- Pay attention to the hygiene of diet and drinking water

Wash the fruits and vegetables carefully before eating, and cook the food thoroughly, especially the seafood such as oysters and shellfish.

03- Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

Regular work and rest, reasonable diet, moderate exercise, enhance resistance.

04- Timely detection and treatment of cases

If a student has symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea in a collective unit such as a school, the teacher should immediately report to the school doctor, cooperate with the school doctor to standardize the treatment of vomit, and promptly notify parents to send the suspected sick student to the hospital for treatment.

05- Do a good job of cleaning and disinfection

When a patient vomits or excretes, chlorine-containing disinfectants (such as 84 disinfectant, etc.) can be used to disinfect vomit or feces and their polluted environment and articles. In the process of cleaning, personal protection should be done to avoid direct contact with pollutants.

hand-foot-and-mouth disease

Hand-foot-mouth disease is a common infectious disease of children caused by enterovirus. Hand-foot-mouth disease is highly contagious and spreads in many ways, and it is easy to break out in collective places such as kindergartens and schools. Children infected with hand, foot and mouth disease often have symptoms such as fever, loss of appetite and sore throat at the beginning of the disease. After 1~2 days of fever, scattered herpes appeared in oral parts such as tongue and cheeks. Most children will have maculopapules and herpes on their hands, feet and buttocks; Hand, foot and mouth disease is usually mild, and most children can recover in about a week with a good prognosis.

01- Wash your hands frequently

Form a good habit of washing hands frequently. Wash your hands before and after meals, after touching public goods/facilities, and after going out to play and returning home.

02- diligent disinfection

Always clean and disinfect the surfaces of articles or objects that children often touch, such as milk bottles, toys, furniture handles, etc.

03- Do a good job in health education

Teach children not to share personal items such as cups and towels with others when they are in kindergarten or school.

04- Personal protection

Avoid close contact and play with sick children. Parents should try to avoid taking their children to crowded public places during the epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease.

05- Strengthen health monitoring

When children have symptoms such as fever and rash, they should go to medical institutions in time, and avoid going out and contacting other children during the home treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease.

06- hand, foot and mouth disease vaccination

At present, the only vaccine used to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease in China is inactivated EV-71 vaccine, which can effectively reduce the risk of severe illness and death caused by EV-71 infection. It is recommended that children aged 6 months to 5 years should be vaccinated as soon as possible.