Du Fu’s influence is higher than Li Bai’s？ The conclusion of big data research on Tang poetry and Song poetry is subversive.

　　The conclusion of big data research on Tang poetry and Song poetry is subversive.

　　Analysis with big data: Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, has the largest number of works, but the influence ranks ten. It is not Su Shi and Xin Qiji who collect the most words in the famous works of Song Ci, but Zhou Bangyan.

　　Using big data to analyze Tang and Song poetry, the conclusion may be beyond your imagination — — Bai Juyi, the first poet in the Tang Dynasty, ranked among the top ten in terms of influence. Among the famous works of Song Ci, Zhou Bangyan is the one who collected the most poems, not Su Shi and Xin Qiji. The comprehensive impact index shows that Du Fu is higher than Li Bai and Xin Qiji and stronger than Su Shi … …

　　The above new findings were analyzed by Wang Zhaopeng, the chief expert of the National Social Science Fund’s major project "Construction of the Information Platform of the Tang and Song Dynasties Literature Chronology Department" and the chair professor of the School of Literature and Journalism of Sichuan University.

　　Tang poetry is the first peak in the history of China’s poetry. There were more than 50,000 poems and more than 3,000 poets in the Tang Dynasty, and both poets and poems reached an unprecedented level. In the Song Dynasty, there were nearly 1,500 poets, and there were more than 21,000 poems.

　　From the perspective of individual poets, who has the most works in Tang poetry and Song poetry? Wang Zhaopeng’s big data shows that Bai Juyi ranks first in the volume of Tang poetry works, with nearly 3,000 poems; Du Fu and Li Bai followed closely, both exceeding the 1000 mark. In the Song Dynasty, Xin Qiji ranked first in terms of the number of ci poems, with more than 600 poems, followed by Su Shi and Liu Chenweng. The number of Song poems is dominated by Lu You, with more than 9,000, followed by Liu Kezhuang and Yang Wanli.

　　According to the ranking of comprehensive influence index, Du Fu is the most influential poet in the Tang Dynasty, followed by Li Bai and Wang Wei, while Bai Juyi, whose works rank first, ranks out of ten. In Song Dynasty, Xin Qiji was the first poet in terms of quantity and influence, while Su Shi and Zhou Bangyan were the second and third respectively. Su Shi ranks first in the influence of Song poetry, followed by Lu You, whose works rank first.

　　When it comes to famous poets in Tang poetry and Song poetry, people used to call them "Li Du" and "Su Xin". It seems that Li is superior to Du Fu and Su Sheng is superior to Xin. However, the comprehensive impact index shows that Du Fu is higher than Li Bai and Xin Qiji is stronger than Su Shi. What’s even more surprising is that the most sought after poet is not Su and Xin, but Zhou Bangyan. Among the 100 and 300 famous Song Ci poems, Zhou Bangyan accounted for 15 and 40 respectively, with a much higher share than Su and Xin.

　　Is it scientific and feasible to measure and analyze subjective poetry appreciation with objective data? In an exclusive interview with the Beijing Youth Daily reporter, Wang Zhaopeng emphasized that although the data can describe and show the development of the history of literature to a certain extent, it also has obvious limitations.

　　Started research 30 years ago.

　　Accumulated millions of pieces of data.

　　Q: What was the original intention of the topic "Poetry World of Tang and Song Dynasties in Big Data"?

　　A: I started to do quantitative analysis of Tang and Song poetry in 1992. The original intention is that everyone has his own famous Tang and Song poems in his mind. I want to use statistical data to analyze and measure which Tang and Song poems are regarded as famous works in history.

　　Q: How do you use big data to measure the quality of Tang and Song poetry? How are these data counted?

　　A: At present, there is no effective data to evaluate and measure the quality of Tang and Song poetry works. At present, I am trying to build an evaluation index system for the quality of literary works in order to collect data. It takes a long time. In addition, the evaluation index system established by individuals needs academic recognition and consensus.

　　Q: What is the current research status of the literature index system in academic circles?

　　A: Literature data in the era of big data need to be classified and stratified to establish an index system of literature history data to ensure the reliability and validity of the data. However, at present, there are not many scholars who use big data to study Tang poetry and Song poetry, and the big data of Tang poetry and Song poetry shared by academic circles is also quite limited.

　　From 1992 to now, although I have accumulated more than one million pieces of data related to Tang poetry and Song poetry, it is still incomplete and unbalanced. Some time periods have more data and some time periods have less data; Some have more data of this kind and less data of that kind; Some poets have more data, while others have less data. We often feel that "books hate less when they are used", especially the data. When analyzing Tang poetry and Song poetry in an all-round way, we often feel that the data is not enough.

　　In my opinion, the index system of literary evaluation should be based on works. The influence of a writer is based on the influence of his works. The evaluation of works can be divided into two dimensions, one is the internal literary value of relatively stable works, and the other is the external influence of dynamic works. Its literary value can be evaluated from both content and form.

　　The influence of works is measured from three levels: creator, critic and ordinary reader. First, the influence on the creator, including quotation, adaptation, imitation, adaptation, translation, etc., reflects the exemplary and attractive nature of the work; Second, the comments of critics and the research of scholars reflect the reputation and attention of the works in literary criticism and academic research; The third is the circulation and awareness rate among ordinary readers. After determining the value of the works, the basic elements and structure of the influence, a calculation model is constructed, and then the computer runs in relevant resource libraries, corpora and networks, mining and extracting relevant data, and finally calculating the score of each work.

　　The data cannot measure the artistic content.

　　And aesthetic value.

　　Q: You mentioned in your topic that, according to statistics, from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the end of Sui Dynasty, there were only more than 5,000 poems in total, but in the Tang Dynasty, there were more than 10,000 poems for the first time and they directly crossed to more than 50,000 poems. Compared with the previous eight generations of poems, the number of Tang poems has increased by more than seven times, and the number of poets has increased from more than 600 to more than 3,000. Both poets and poems have reached an unprecedented level. Where did this data come from, and what important documents did you refer to?

　　A: The data comes from two papers by my old friend Professor Shang Yongliang: Quantitative Analysis of the Distribution and Development Trend of Poetry in Eight Dynasties and Quantitative Analysis of the Hierarchical Distribution and Generation Development of Famous Poets in Tang Dynasty.

　　Q: Bai Juyi has the largest number of poems, but his influence is beyond the top ten. How is this judged?

　　A: It is determined by data. We use a variety of data to rank the influence of poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi’s influence is greater in modern times than in ancient times. His comprehensive influence is far less than that of Li Bai and Du Fu.

　　Q: What is the basis for you to judge the quality of Tang poetry and Song poetry through big data?

　　A: At present, only big data can be used to measure the influence of Tang poetry and Song poetry — — Including the attraction to the creation of later generations of poets, the reputation among post-pronoun critics, the popularity among ordinary writers and so on. At present, it is impossible to measure the artistic content and aesthetic value of Tang poetry and Song poetry with data.

　　The literary center was in the early Northern Song Dynasty.

　　Move to the south completely

　　Q: Did you encounter any academic difficulties in studying Tang and Song poetry with big data, and how did you overcome them?

　　A: Literature research has never been data-conscious. The difficulty lies not only in where to find data, but also in what kind of data to find. What kind of data is useful and effective needs both theoretical support and test in practice. Theoretically, we are constantly searching for the enlightenment of theory and method from statistics, econometrics and econometrics. In practice, trial and error, failed again. The most painful thing is that the database was built and the article was finished. Suddenly, I found that the data sources were incomplete, so I had to fill in the data from the beginning, and the written paper was torn down again.

　　Q: What new discoveries have you made in the specific research of big data?

　　A: The meaning of data can not only confirm the traditional conclusion, but also revise it, and find new problems and change traditional cognition. For example, there is a famous conclusion in China’s cultural geography that the cultural center of China gradually moved from the northern Central Plains to the south. The first southward movement was the Yongjia Rebellion in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the second southward movement was the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, and the third southward movement was the Jingkang Rebellion in the Song Dynasty. Three wars pushed the cultural center to move south. After the Jingkang Rebellion, the cultural center was completely moved to the south. According to our big data, the literary center was completely moved to the south in the early Northern Song Dynasty, and the number of authors in the south completely surpassed that in the north, without waiting until after the Jingkang Rebellion. Moreover, war is not the only factor pushing the cultural center to move south.

　　We also found that the literary center of the Song Dynasty gradually moved to the southeast coast. According to the statistics of today’s municipal administrative divisions, Nanping, Fujian Province has the largest number of authors in the Song Dynasty, ranking first and Fuzhou second, which is very surprising. Related to this, the number of scholars in the Song Dynasty ranked first in Fuzhou and second in Nanping. It can be seen that Nanping and Fuzhou had developed education at that time, with many scholars and many poets. Education and literature are highly positive.

　　In addition, we also found that the peak of Su Dongpo’s ci creation was in Huangzhou, one third of his ci was written during his relegation to Huangzhou, and half of his masterpieces were written in Huangzhou. For example, the first masterpiece of Song Ci, Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia, was written in Huangzhou. Huangzhou made Su Shi’s poems brilliant. (Text/Reporter Zhang Enjie Coordinator/Liu Jianghua)