Yangzhishui： the luxury of Ming Dynasty is concentrated in a few people, who have various ways to enjoy luxury ｜ pure scene.

Welfare at the end of the article: an invitation from the pure reading community group

First of all, the word "looking for" appeared very early, and its source was the famous classic of ancient literary theory "Wen Xin Diao Long", among which the article "Looking for" said: "In the Spring and Autumn Period, yin and yang were miserable, and the heart was shaking. ….. The age has its thing, and the thing has its capacity; Emotions move with things, and words are sent with feelings. " The "hunting" here refers to the natural hunting and natural scenery. The beauty of the search in the novel lies in expressing the details of life, but on the other hand, it is necessary to "move things with feelings, and express feelings with words", which is in line with the character and promotes the development of the plot. Therefore, the search in the novel is more about living utensils than natural scenery. Of course, there are other meanings, such as the verb "seek".

However, there are no novels in the Ming Dynasty that really focus on finding, managing words and arranging plots. Some just use something to set the closing eyes, such as "The Bachelor’s Right to Recognize the Gu Bai Ru’s Daughter in the Far Country for Nothing" in "Surprise at Two Moments" and "Jiang Xingge’s Reunion Pearl Shirt" in "Yu Shiming Yan", which highlight the close relationship between the coincidence of the plot and the search for the box and pearl shirt, but do not highlight the specific characteristics of these searches, and the description is too vague. Moreover, the word "Yue Box" was actually rarely used in the Ming Dynasty, but it was just a word borrowed from Song of Eternal Sorrow. Therefore, here, the cymbals and pearl shirts seem to be written in reality, but they are in name only, that is, they are written in vain, just for the purpose of unfolding the plot. The so-called coincidence is not a book, they are not appliances used in life, but have the meaning of props.

Many traditional Chinese opera novels named after utensils are also designed to set off the customs and highlight the ingenuity. Even The Journey to the West’s "Water Margin" and other novels, although involving many famous things, are not to show the triviality of life, not those bottles and jars in life. In this respect, Jin Ping Mei is quite different from other novels in Ming Dynasty. A Dream of Red Mansions describes the life of a big family and draws on the achievements of Jin Ping Mei. Therefore, Jin Ping Mei can be described as the only novel at that time that describes living at home and will be incorporated into the story, while A Dream of Red Mansions draws a lot from it. Modern writer Zhang Ailing’s novels, such as the jewelry described in The Golden Lock, also draw lessons from Jin Ping Mei.

Although the search in the novel should show the details of life, on the other hand, it should also be "emotional with things, emotional with words", which fits the character of the novel and promotes the development of the plot. The "thing" in Jin Ping Mei is the daily life of things, the triviality of daily life and the character’s mind, which can help us understand the details of life in the times and the people living in the times. The search in Jin Ping Mei does not highlight its ingenuity, but shows the daily life, which is also an important feature that distinguishes Jin Ping Mei from other contemporary novels.

Recently, China Reading Newspaper published an article-"A Jin Ping Mei wrote all the ancient Chinese costumes", saying: "A Jin Ping Mei wrote all the costumes in the world! A "Jin Ping Mei" is a collection of ancient costumes! A "Jin Ping Mei" is a museum of ancient Chinese costumes! " In fact, at best, the Ming dynasty costumes have not been written. You can give high praise, but you can’t give extreme words.

Next, Mr. Yang Zhishui made a detailed analysis of the search for novels in the Ming Dynasty, such as sweat towels, treasure chai, wine utensils and tea sets, combined with the plot of the novel, the collection and unearthed cultural relics.

In the 26th chapter of The Journey to the West’s novel, the Monkey King said, "We got away and were caught up by him. We were treated like sweat towels, and all our sleeves were caged." Said that the sweat towel was put in the sleeve. In The Pearl Shirt of Jiang Xingge’s Reunion, Chen Dalang sent a message to Wang Sanqiao from Xing Ge, one of which was "a pink crepe sweat towel more than eight feet long", which is a very long sweat towel. Later, this sweat towel was tucked in the sleeve and wrapped in a letter. Today people will feel very strange, how can such a long sweat towel be put in the sleeve?

However, this sweat towel is actually very light and thin, which is not surprising. The well-known clothes unearthed from Mawangdui in the Western Han Dynasty are 128 cm long and 190 cm long, with a total weight of only 49 grams. The Western Han Dynasty can be so light and thin, not to mention in the Ming Dynasty. You can refer to the real sweat towel of the Ming Dynasty collected by Jiangyin Museum, which is as thin as a cicada’s wing and as light as a feather, and can be put in envelopes and sleeves.

▲ The word "Fushou" was unearthed from the tomb of King Luhuang in Zoucheng, Shandong Province.

Another example is Baochai, which is also common in novels. The twelfth time of Xing Shi Yan, Baochai returns to a lady’s wonderful medicine and becomes a loyal minister, is also based on the structure of the story. The title of the story indicates the story, saying that Grandma Yu led the wife commanded by King Royal Guards to visit the lantern market, and when she returned, she found that there was no gold hairpin on her head, so Grandma Yu suggested hitting the same one. Wang’s wife said that Chai Zi is easy to fight, but the ancestral gems embedded in it are hard to find and valuable. Later, it was found and returned to the original owner. Commander Wang was grateful and thanked him with various Hainan products. These can be seen in the living customs of the Ming Dynasty. It is mentioned in the novel that Baochai was lost because she rode a donkey, which made the "big bun" loose, and I didn’t know that the hairpin I was wearing was left behind.

Compared with the Tang and Song Dynasties, the hairpin in the Ming Dynasty has undergone great changes. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, Dai Chai had to comb her hair very high and even wear a wig. In the Ming dynasty, the way of inserting and wearing changed, and it can be buckled without a high bun. And even if it is a share, it is also called a hairpin, and it should be a hairpin according to the truth. All these can also be confirmed from the Three Tales Fair and the cultural relics unearthed from Mrs. Xu Bi’s tomb and the tomb of King Liangzhuang. There are also relevant materials in the notes of the Ming Dynasty, revealing the way of inserting and wearing the hairpin.

The precious stones embedded in Baochai are expensive and mostly come from overseas. The gems unearthed from the tomb of King Liangzhuang have the background of Zheng He’s voyage to the West, because the unearthed gold ingots are engraved with relevant information. The mosaic technology of China gemstones developed relatively late, and it is basically finished by embedding the gemstones according to their natural images, without detailed processing. With reference to unearthed cultural relics, we can better understand the details in the novel.

▲ Ming Anonymous "Palace Decoration Map" is partially collected in Liaoning Provincial Museum.

For the analysis of wine vessels, we can start with "an inlaid gold pot". "Surprise at the Second Moment", Volume 4, "The Ghost Story of the Red Flower Field in the Brothel City" appeared "a pot with gold inlaid in it", which was regarded as a valuable item for bribery, and finally led to a bloody case. Gold and silver vessels embedded with treasures were rare in the Ming Dynasty, although it was recorded in the court. Although it was also recorded in the Southern Song Dynasty, it has not yet been found in kind. There are all kinds of exquisite utensils, but there is no embedded treasure. However, there are seven pagodas inlaid with precious stones. If analogy is made, it seems that it is not a problem to make utensils inlaid with precious stones in the Southern Song Dynasty. The Ming Wantong Tomb in Nanyuan, Yongdingmen, Beijing, once unearthed a "gold-inlaid flying fish-patterned pot", and the Philadelphia Museum also has a "gold-inlaid dragon-patterned apricot leaf pot" in the Ming Dynasty, which can be mutually verified with the "gold-inlaid pot" in the novel.

▲ Gold inlaid treasure flying fish pattern pot unearthed from Mingwantong Tomb outside Yongdingmen, Beijing

▲ Gold inlaid treasure dragon apricot leaf pot collected by Philadelphia Museum, USA

As a kind of utensil, the kettle belongs to the wine set, also known as wine note, also known as hip flask, holding kettle, or bottle. One of the typical styles of gold and silver wine note is that the pot body is thin, the neck is trimmed, and the handle is hooked. The outer mouth usually has a lid, covered with various buttons, some of which are particularly particular about it, some of which have loops or hook chains. For example, some of our teapots now have ropes tied to the lid to prevent them from falling.

Ming people were divided into gold and silver according to their shapes. The so-called "element" means that the light element has no grain and no decoration. In addition, "Jin Ping Mei" mentioned "a pot with a hook head and a chicken neck", the name is a bit magical, but if we see the real thing, we can understand this statement at once.

Another pot with a short neck and a round belly is found in Yan Song’s property materials, which is the so-called "chopping pot". Jin Su apricot leaf pot was unearthed from the tomb of King Liangzhuang in Zhongxiang, Hubei Province, and the British Museum collected cloisonne apricot leaf holding pot, which was shaped like a chicken. There are also many unearthed gold and silver objects, such as the silver hexagonal flower-and-bird pot unearthed from the tomb of Li Wei and his wife in Balizhuang, Haidian, Beijing, and the Jin Suxing leaf lion pot unearthed from the tomb of the Ming Dynasty in Qichun, Hubei.

▲ Jin Suxing Leaf Pot Unearthed from Ming Wangui Tomb outside Beijing You ‘anmen

▲ enamel unicorn apricot leaf pot collected by British Museum

▲ Silver hexagonal flower-and-bird pot unearthed from the tomb of Ming and Li Wei in Haidian, Beijing.

▲ Lion Button Cover Jinsu Apricot Leaf Pot Unearthed from King Jing Gong’s Tomb in Qichun, Hubei Province

Gold and silver utensils show luxury and nobility, but it is jade that really shows wealth. Gold and silver utensils are found in the tomb of the captaincy. Jade utensils are found in the emperor’s mausoleum, such as the white jade longevity pot unearthed in Dingling. Only the royal family has this kind of utensils. Although others may have them, they are not willing to be buried with them. Jade is the most advanced, and gold and silver are tacky.

▲ White jade longevity apricot leaf pot unearthed in Dingling, Beijing

The pot is a wine injector, while the cup is a drinking vessel, which is used for drinking. In the Ming Dynasty, the size and shape of the bell became smaller, from the shallow belly of the Song and Yuan Dynasties to the deep belly of the mouth. The meanings of zhong, lamp, cup, cup and ou in Ming dynasty are not fixed, and the confusion can be seen from the "Three Tales" and unearthed cultural relics.

▲ "Bowl" and "Lamp" in Supplementary Yi Zhi Zazi Quanshu

▲ Ou Tu in "Three Tales"

In practical application, the name of zhong is more common, and it is widely used in Ming Dynasty. The drinking vessel can be called wine zhong, and the tea drinking vessel can also be called tea zhong. The shapes of zhong are also varied, with handles and no handles, flat bottom and high feet, and there is no unified style. A silver bell was unearthed in Qichun, Hubei Province, and the words "silver bell" were engraved on it. Generally speaking, cups and cups are distinguished mainly by whether they have handles. Cups usually have handles, while cups don’t. However, both cups and cups may be used to refer to drinking devices. There is also a so-called desk lamp or dish lamp, which is no different from what is usually called Zhong lamp.

▲ Jintai lamp A tomb of Zhu Zaixi, the king of Qichun Ming Duchang, Hubei Province was unearthed.

In addition to drinking and drinking, there are also used to persuade alcohol. When drinking, first small Zhong, after a few rounds, began to use large Zhong, used to persuade wine, drink, or called "wine". In ancient times, when toasting, it was necessary to raise another cup or cup, and the person who rewarded should also use the same glass. The persuasion lamp has a large volume and a special style. In the Jade inkstone in the book Yun Shi Zhai Bi Tan written by Jiang Shaoshu in Ming Dynasty, it is mentioned that "drinking with a jasper cup", in which the jasper cup is not a jasper cup, but a jasper cup is taken out to persuade drinking. In the same book, The Jade Cup in Xuanhe, there is a saying that "the jade is precious and double, accompanied by the rhinoceros, and the strange kiln lords are dazzling", that is, two jade cups and special wine glasses are taken out to persuade people to drink. This is not the cup that we usually have in our hands.

Li Yu’s "A Handful of Snow", Peking Opera is still performing a drama, including the "Dragon Snow Jade Cup", which is also used to persuade people to drink. This kind of persuasion has existed since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. In the Ming dynasty, it developed again, and the decoration was different. Back to the 37th "my leisure review":

After the play, change seats, and the main road: "No generations, you must eat." You don’t have a lot of money on weekdays, so why fake it today? " Ying Xing said, "I don’t want to refuse. I’m afraid to drink it because I have a slight illness. I didn’t drink it even yesterday outside my mother’s uncle. " Trunk road: "You press me with this big hat and punish me with another big cup." ….. trunk road: "The order is not certain, depending on the person." Hearing this, Ying Xing flew into a rage and said, "Put your shit! What is given to people! " I hit the plum blossom cup in my hand, right in the middle of the nose, and the branches on the cup were hit, trapped in my face, and I was bleeding.

Although Fu Yingxing was Wei Zhongxian’s nephew, he was dissatisfied with Wei Party, so he attacked Wei Party. The "plum blossom cup" used during the dinner is the wine glass used to punish wine. This story is in the late Ming Dynasty, and the latest thing is to go to Chongzhen for three years. We can refer to the gold-inlaid peach cup unearthed from Ming Wantong’s tomb outside Yongdingmen, Beijing. Wantong is a relative of Wan Guifei. This gold-inlaid peach cup is very particular, and its origin is unusual.

▲ Gold inlaid Taotao Cup Unearthed from Mingwantong Tomb outside Yongdingmen, Beijing

Besides wine vessels, there are also tea sets, and tea and wine are linked together. In the Song Dynasty, tea was mostly drunk. However, in novels of the Ming Dynasty, such as Jin Ping Mei, tea is always served first, and guests are always offered a cup of fruit tea, so there is always a teaspoon to pick up the fruit. Gao Lian’s Eight Notes on Zunsheng says: "Tea is really fragrant, delicious and positive. When cooking, it is not advisable to mix it with rare fruits and herbs. " Another cloud said, "Bamboo teaspoons are also used to get fruit." The teaspoon made of bamboo is for elegance.

The missionary Matteo Ricci’s "Some Customs about China" says: "After the guests are seated, the most trained servant in the house wears a robe that drags to his ankles, and sets a beautifully decorated table with cups and dishes according to the number of people present. It is filled with the kind of drink called tea that we have had the opportunity to mention and some small pieces of sweet fruit. This is a snack, eaten with a silver spoon. "

The "silver spoon" mentioned in it is the silver teaspoon, which is the scene in Matteo Ricci’s eyes, and it is more objective. We can refer to the teaspoon of apricot leaves unearthed from the tomb of King Liangzhuang, which is made of gold and has the shape of apricot leaves, so it is called the teaspoon of apricot leaves and often appears in novels. Apricot leaves are also common modeling elements. For example, Shigaraki, a tin apricot, has been unearthed in Dingling, and the pot body has the words "Apricot Shigaraki", that is, it is named Apricot Leaves. In addition to apricot Shigaraki, there were apricot leaf hip flask and apricot leaf teaspoon in Ming Dynasty.

▲ A teaspoon of apricot leaves was unearthed from the tomb of King Liangzhuang in Zhongxiang, Hubei Province.

▲ Xixing unearthed in Dingling, Shigaraki.

There was not much difference between teapot and hip flask in Song and Yuan Dynasties, because hip flask was separated from teapot. Among the porcelains unearthed in Changsha kiln in Tang Dynasty, it is indicated that this is a drinking vessel, not a teapot. In other words, their styles are similar, so the text indicates the difference.

▲ This is a drinking bottle. You have to use a holding pot to collect it in Changsha Museum.

Let’s look at the "Zhu Zhanji’s Play and Music" collected by the Forbidden City. In the picture, there are various utensils on the table, including apricot-leaf hip flask, a box and a table lamp, with various gold bowls, gold notes and silver notes. This is the various utensils used by Zhu Zhanji at his dinner table for him to enjoy after throwing the pot.

▲ "Zhu Zhanji Music Map" is partially collected in the Palace Museum.

In the Ming Dynasty, there were pottery, porcelain, lacquer, wood, copper, tin, gold, silver, rhinoceros, jade and so on. Among them, there were certain restrictions in the early Ming Dynasty. The article "Pin Guan Jiu ju" in Tan Qian’s "Zao Lin Za Ju" said: "One or two official wine utensils are all gold, three to five silver pots and gold lamps, six to nine silver, and the rest use porcelain lacquered wood." Tan Qian explained: "Taizu used to be thrifty when he started his army, and he was deeply punished for being greedy for ink. However, ordering official equipment, not begging for cold, is called’ being gentle and depressed’."

But the rise of luxury is almost empty. He Liangjun’s "Four Friends Zhai Bei Shuo" Volume 34: "When I visited a friend in Jiaxing, I found a guest in his house, and I used a silver stove to drip gold. There are more than 20 Japanese guests, and each guest has a pair of golden tables and plates. It is a pair of golden cups, and each pair is about fifteen or sixty taels. " The wine glass used is the "double golden cup for killing tigers", and the "golden dripping cup" is the golden pot. Outside You ‘anmen, Beijing, white jade cups with two ears were unearthed from Wan Guifei’s father’s tomb, from which we can infer the style of "double golden cups for killing tigers". "A pair of golden platforms and plates" should be a supporting plate that echoes the "double golden cup" and so on. There are more than 20 people, each of whom has a set of golden platforms, so extravagant that even Ximen Qing, who is rich in armour in Jin Ping Mei, can not compare with what is described in the novel.

▲ Tiger White Jade Cup with Two Ears Unearthed from Mingwangui Tomb outside Beijing You ‘anmen

How do you describe these gold and silver utensils in Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua? What styles do you have? Balzac, a French novelist in the 19th century, said: "French society will become a historian, and I should only be his secretary. Make a list of vices and virtues, … that is, the history of customs. I will take the trouble and not be afraid of its difficulties. " Of course, this is his Human Comedy, but the author of Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua, which was two or three hundred years earlier, may not have such consciousness, but objectively did it, and wrote down the history of social customs in the Ming Dynasty. It also involves wine, which is rubbed into the narrative of the novel.

"Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua" is not a "wine talk", and it is not specifically about wine. Most of its wine affairs are those of Ximen Qing’s family, and they can also be regarded as those of wealthy families in the Ming Dynasty. Of course, they can’t be compared with the banquet of Zhong Ming Ding Shi, and they are not so large in scale and ostentation and extravagance, and they can’t be like "Play, Play and Play in Zhu Zhanji". A nouveau riche with no ink on his chest is even less likely to have the romantic charm of a scholar. Yuan Hongdao’s "Zheng Zheng" takes Jiujing and Jiupu of previous dynasties as the "internal canon", Zhuangzi and Lisao as the "external canon", and specifically cites Water Margin and Jin Ping Mei as the "escape canon".

"Jin Ping Mei" is not a "wine talk", but in 79 times of Ximen Qing’s life, 77 times never left the wine. And all kinds of wine events often kill three birds with one stone, or grass snake gray line, buried clues, all kinds of physical human feelings, can be seen in the Ming Dynasty wine events. Wine has been incorporated into the triviality of daily life, so as to see the character’s mind, to see the history of customs, and not to be used as a quirky closure. Yuan Zhonglang’s reading of "Jin Ping Mei" can tell this, which is really insightful and has a lot of experience.

From here, we can also see the wine culture in Ming Dynasty. No previous novel about wine was as subtle and vivid as Jin Ping Mei, lacking in detail description. If you seek elegance, jade will win; If it comes to luxury, gold and silver are the most important. On the wine table of "Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua", the dancing lamps are mostly gold and silver, and there is almost no mention of jade articles in daily life. The silver element, golden pot, group target hook-headed chicken neck pot, silver-legged chrysanthemum cup, small gold chrysanthemum cup, big gold peach cup, golden platform plate, silver platform plate, etc. appearing in the novel are all visible in the Ming Dynasty, and many cultural relics unearthed in the Ming Dynasty can be seen, such as the silver platform plate and the silver bell removed from the rhinoceros in the British Museum, the gold-legged chrysanthemum clock in the Quzhou Museum, and the Jin Jue unearthed from the tomb of King Liangzhuang. In addition, the painting "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" by Chou Ying of Liaoning Provincial Museum contains gold wares, lacquered wares and delicate tea food, among which lacquered boxes are very common and convenient, and all kinds of food can be put in them.

▲ Yintaipan British Museum

▲ Jin Gaojiao Chrysanthemum Collection in Quzhou Museum

▲ Jin Jue Cup Unearthed from the Tomb of Wangzhuang, Zhongxiang, Hubei.

▲ The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in Chou Ying is partially collected in Liaoning Provincial Museum.

The dining table in Ming dynasty can be temporarily selected according to the needs of the owner. In the thirty-fourth episode of Jin Ping Mei, Ximen Qing accompanied the Earl to sit down in the Emerald Xuan and asked Xie to set the table. "Jin Ping Mei" Back to Ximen Qing to accompany an Jinshi to visit the garden, "playing chess in the shed. Let the page take two table boxes, and 30 kinds of them are delicate fruits and vegetables and fresh things to drink. These "30 kinds" are all placed in the table boxes, which is just a light box. For this detailed occasion, please refer to "Let’s have fun in Zhu Zhanji" and "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" by Chou Ying. The dining table can be set up temporarily, and the arbor can also be set up temporarily, which is not fixed. This custom of life is actually the same in A Dream of Red Mansions.

When the wine table is set, what to do on the wine table, what style and size of the table should also depend on the number of people, seniority and intimacy. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a section on "Serving guests" in Volume III of Song Family Rules Department: "Where there are many congratulations and thanks, you must leave a table, which is especially sincere and respectful. Anyone who comes with a basket will leave a table, which is especially sincere and respectful. Or give it to you, or give it to you in money, depending on your teeth, and you will be honored with special gifts. "

In the fifty-fifth chapter of Jin Ping Mei, the housekeeper Zhai gave a banquet to welcome Ximen Qing. "I saw dozens of big dishes and dozens of small dishes on the official table, all of which were precious and delicious." Chapter 49 of the same book: "I saw five halls with high curtains and brocade screens." There are two table seats on the front, with high sugar cubes on the top, which will definitely win the cluster plate, which is very neat. " Later, it was mentioned: "Ximen Qing had ordered his men to put two tables and seats, including gold and silver utensils, in a food box, with a total of 20 loads for the servants to wait on."

Ximen Qing lavishly entertained Song Yushi and Cai Yushi, but later Ximen Qing got a much richer reward than this banquet. Through Cai Yushi, Ximen Qing got the salt lead early and made a lot of money. It can be said that Ximen Qing offered such a banquet, which was a very decent bribe.

The forty-seventh time: "Xiao Jin Zhong Er, Yin Tai Pan Er, slowly advise. In the middle of drinking, Ximen Qing started talking about Miao Qing. " Wine into the three cruise, drink about, Ximen Qing didn’t mention to do business. In this paper, "small golden bell, silver platform plate" is a combination of a pair of golden lamps and silver platforms.

Seventy-two times: "Seeing Mrs. Wen’s son nearby, she said,’ Old Wen, bring me a counter and wait for me to pass a birthday wine to my wife.’ This is what I said before. It is necessary to have special utensils to persuade people to drink or toast, not ordinary wine glasses. Therefore, people are asked to "bring an auxiliary table", that is, a table lamp with a tray on which wine lamps are placed. Therefore, it is said below: "Sister Wen immediately holds a golden lamp and a silver table." These are not used by ordinary people every day.

The forty-ninth time: "So Han Jinchang took a big gold peach cup, filled it with a cup, and handed it up with his hands." The use of wine vessels can be seen everywhere in Jin Ping Mei, and the author used his mind. Even in Ximen Qing’s house, the "Golden Peach Cup" is not the usual wine set. This is Ximen Qing’s extraordinary respect for Cai Yushi in order to entertain him.

Looking at the gold and silver utensils of Ximen Qing’s breakfast in Jin Ping Mei, the twenty-second time wrote: "Two pages put the table and took porridge to eat, that is, four salty foods, ten kinds of small dishes, four bowls of stew, a bowl of hooves, a bowl of pigeon chicks, a bowl of steamed milk cakes, a bowl of wonton chicken, and a silver box of glutinous rice with various hazelnuts, nuts and glutinous rice." Ximen Qing accompanied the Earl and Chen Jingji to eat, so he took a small silver bell and sifted Jinhua wine, and everyone ate three cups. " This is a very ordinary breakfast in Ximen Qing’s family, and so many things are used.

Tea before wine, wine utensils are very particular, and tea sets can’t be ignored. In Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua, all you eat is fruit tea. Besides the tea pot, a teaspoon is essential. The seventh time: "I saw that the little maid pressed three candied golden oranges to make tea, silver-inlaid carved lacquer tea cups and teaspoons of ginkgo leaves. The woman got up, took the first one, wiped off the water stain on the edge of the lamp with her hands and handed it to Ximen Qing. " Among them, "candied golden orange tea" and "silver-inlaid carved lacquer tea saucer, ginkgo leaf teaspoon" are mentioned.

The twelfth time: "I saw a moment later, the bright red lacquer Dan plate brought seven cups of tea. Snow-blooming tea cups, teaspoons of apricot leaves, salt bamboo shoots, sesame and sweet osmanthus, and a cup in front of everyone. " The fifteenth time: "In a moment, top of the old painted square plate, bring seven lamps, snow-blooming plate lamps, ginkgo leaf teaspoons, and plum-scented melon seeds to make tea, which is very fragrant and delicious. Guiqing and Cassia each handed one, accompanied by tea and took the saucer." Later, I also wrote about the "Golden Apricot Leaf Teaspoon", which served different guests and used different tea sets according to their status.

In the final interactive stage, some listeners said, "Life at that time was too luxurious. Did this also lead to the demise of the Ming Dynasty?" Mr. Yang Zhishui replied: "I just grabbed a point in the novels of the Ming Dynasty. Luxury in the Ming Dynasty is concentrated in a few people, who have various ways to enjoy luxury in the Ming Dynasty. Ordinary people live mainly in porcelain, and few gold and silver wares have been unearthed. Novels are always curious, and few people are involved. There is a big gap between the people at the bottom and the top. My book involves not only wine and tea, but also beds, jewelry and so on. What I said today is only one aspect of what I know. "

Yang Zhishui, a native of Zhuji, Zhejiang Province, is a researcher at the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences, and has been engaged in the study of famous things for many years. He is the author of History of Poetry and Literature in the Pre-Qin Dynasty, Gold and Silver Jewelry in Ancient China (three volumes) and Collection of Persimmon Houses (ten volumes).

(The original title is "Yang Zhishui: Looking at the Development and Evolution History of One Device and One Thing from Jin Ping Mei", text/Yang Zhishui. Transferred from WeChat official account: Daguan Rizhilu)

Naming and knowing each other

Author: Yang Zhishui

Press: Guangxi Normal University Press

Publication date: January, 2018

"Naming and knowing each other" is a word that the author keeps repeating in the study of names and things. "Naming" refers to "things"; "Knowing each other" means going in and out between "things" and "poems" in order to get through the connection between them.

Eleven articles in this book are obtained from exhibitions in museums around the world, or stationery, or gold and silver jewelry, or flower ribbons, or household utensils … More than 70 museums, with more than 400 photos of artifacts, lead readers step by step into the "prosperous" world of cultural relics in each museum from naming to knowing each other, so that the beauty of things, the imprint of time, the fragments of history and the poetry of life are intertwined on paper.

Textual research on Li Xu’s Four Seasons Music Map

Author: Yang Zhishui

Press: Guangxi Normal University Press

Publication date: December, 2017

A Textual Research on Li Xu’s Four Seasons Pleasure Map is one of the series of "Deep in the Falling Flowers" in the historical collection, and its specific content is a textual research on Li Xu’s Four Seasons Pleasure Map, which is a photo map of ancient figure painting with background and four seasons as other "four scenes" groups. From its category, schema formation, name calling, theme prosperity and development and evolution, macro examination of composition elements, to the analysis and appreciation of the details of this picture, the praise of friends and friends, and then to the life examination of the painter Li Xu, the author’s words are meticulous and precise, and the beautiful pictures combined with the words are fascinating.

# Non-breaking letter

Zhang weizhu

The Book of Non-Fulfillment is the latest masterpiece of Zhang Wei, a Mao Dun Prize winner and a famous contemporary poet and writer. Although this work takes poetry as the form of expression and love as the clue, it has actually surpassed the traditional concept and boundary of poetry. The writer mobilized the comprehensive means of humanities, thought, history, philosophy, literature and art to create a composite text with great impact with a strong spiritual background and beyond ordinary people’s writing energy, which can be regarded as another way of presentation of his masterpiece "The Ancient Ship" and "Fable in September".

# Things on Earth (Updated Edition)

On the reed bank; Edited by Feng Qiuzi

The latest, most comprehensive and rigorous updated version of Wei ‘an was commissioned by Feng Qiuzi, a famous friend and writer before Wei ‘an’s death. After several years of sorting out and editing, Guangxi Normal University Press presented it in October 2020. Newly added Wei ‘an’s legacy: 20 essays, 22 poems, 1 letter and 2 translations, totaling 45 (the first); In addition, the extended Postscript of Wei An, the Appendix Chronology of Wei An’s Life and Creation and the Follow-up Dissemination of Wei An’s Works provide more comprehensive, accurate and informative historical information for recording Wei An’s life and studying Wei An’s creation.

# The dirt is beside me: Diary of Wei ‘an (up, down and up)

On the reed bank; Edited by Feng Qiuzi

Wei ‘an Diary lasted from January 1st, 1986 to April 6th, 1999. There are 14 diaries in three volumes in one year, with a total of nearly 800,000 words, and the appendix Selected Letters from Wei An, Chronology of Wei An’s Life and Creation, Follow-up Dissemination of Wei An’s Works, etc., with a total of 900,000 words. Most of his diaries describe the moral beliefs of the earth, the natural and humanistic processes he personally experienced, and the writers in different eras who interacted with the author, their experiences, concepts, creative conditions and personal interests, the literary phenomena under the influence of their times, his travels in China, and many works in social sciences and natural sciences he read.

# Sacrifice of Spring: Selected Poems of Luo Yihe

By Luo Yihe; Edited by Chen Dongdong

Luo Yihe, an underrated poet, editor and critic. The Sacrifice of Spring: Selected Poems of Luo Yihe is a compilation of Luo Yihe’s representative poems, poetry comments and letters. There are 59 representative short poems, 14 medium-sized poems, 9 series of "Sacrifice" poems, the long poem "Blood of the World", 6 poems on poetry and creation, 5 poems comments and 7 letters in Luo Yihe. From poetry to literary theory, from comments to letters, it presents the poet’s spiritual world and the literary trend of his time in a comprehensive and three-dimensional way.

# Play out New Year pictures (up and down)

By Wang Shucun

This book, written by Wang Shucun, an art historian and folk art collector, contains the most exquisite New Year pictures from Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, Sichuan, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Tianjin, Hebei and other ten provinces and cities, and comprehensively shows the painting styles, tracks and performance characteristics of various places. Stylistically, this book plays out the essence of New Year pictures in three levels: storytelling, illustration and detail appreciation, showing the broad connotation of China folk culture.

# Cao Xueqin’s legacy:

The world as method and mirror image

By Ji Wenjun

A Dream of Red Mansions is not only a novel, but also a precious legacy of Cao Xueqin.

Ji Wenjun, a famous strength female writer, doctor of literature and art, and expert of redology, has devoted herself to research for 10 years. Known by the famous writer Li Jingze as "the novelist knows the Dream of Red Mansions best", and praised by the famous writer Li Er as the highest achievement in the study of "Dream of Red Mansions".

# Cao Xueqin’s territory:

Reading Acceptance History of A Dream of Red Mansions

By Ji Wenjun

Ji Wenjun, the author of Cao Xueqin’s territory: a history of reading acceptance of A Dream of Red Mansions, takes A Dream of Red Mansions as the research subject, and outlines the legendary "experience" of A Dream of Red Mansions from its birth to today from the perspective of the survival of cultural species. This book is a popular reading material for the study of A Dream of Red Mansions. It has both logical exposition of academic research works and vivid and interesting expressions, which has certain guiding significance for middle school students to accept the original book of A Dream of Red Mansions.

# Burning at night: a portrait of time.

Black pottery

Writer Zhang Wei and essayist Feng Qiuzi jointly recommended that "New Prose" represents the writer and "poet essayist" Heitao to expand the territory of prose writing with unique and poetic writing and highly recognizable language style, and express memories from the depths of time and "paternal" faces in the south of the Yangtze River.

# Peng Cheng Works Series

Peng Chengzhu

The Pure Series of Peng Cheng’s Works, published by Guangxi Normal University, consists of three books, namely, The Spring of the Earth, The Direction of the Heart and The Season of Reading. It is the latest anthology of Peng Cheng, a judge of Mao Dun and Lu Xun Literature Awards and a representative writer of new prose. Peng Cheng’s writing is calm, quiet and sincere, and there is a clear stream in prose writing, and his writing style highlights simple aesthetics and profound connotation.

# Bowls and bowls

By Pompeii

Bowl and Bowl is a cross-border prose work, which is divided into two parts: Bowl and Bowl. Starting with bowls and bowls used in people’s daily life, this paper discusses the series of bowls and bowls painted by artist Yang Jian. Through the ideological dialogue and exchange between Pompeii and Yang Jian, and through the mutual interpretation and expression of literary and artistic works, the symbolic connotation of bowls and bowls and the philosophical logic behind them are revealed.

# Platanus Cafe

Banxiazhu

The famous writer Pinellia’s latest novel masterpiece. Platanus acerifolia Cafe is a stronghold for observing the various phenomena of the city. If you don’t come here to edify people’s popularity, you can’t let life go on … A cafe that tells the story of the market and emotions tells the exquisiteness and sadness of a city-a kaleidoscope that reflects the world and the various phenomena of the world, which is called the Kunming version of "Human Comedy".

# Sun, Moon and West: From Suzhou to Madrid

Jing ge Zhu

Recommended by famous writers Mo Yan and Li Er, the latest masterpiece of Jing Ge, a famous talented writer, literati and painter in the south of the Yangtze River, is expressed across the Eurasian continent. From the perspective of literature+art, this book describes the different landscapes, personal feelings and thoughts of Suzhou and Madrid from a distance, one east and one west, and the world is full of humanity, customs and customs.

# On the cloud

By Zhao Bo

Zhao Bo, a post-70s female writer, writes directly with her personal growth experience, pays close attention to the inner world of individual life, and strongly writes all kinds of loneliness and absurdity caused by the extrusion of modern material civilization. Go deep into the forefront of contemporary urban life, boldly reveal the secrets of the heart with a smart, subtle, delicate and rich personal narrative method, and cut the heart frankly and sincerely.

# Glory of Ashes: Selected Poems of Paul Celan

By paul celan; Translated by Wang Jiaxin

The Glory of Ashes: Selected Poems of Paul Celan was carefully edited and translated by Professor Wang Jiaxin, a famous poet and translator. It was composed of about 360 poems, some speeches, essays and important letters of Celan. This book not only fully shows the essence of Celan’s life creation, but also is the crystallization of Wang Jiaxin’s painstaking efforts in translating and studying Celan for many years, which is of great significance to Celan’s translation and the creation and translation of China’s contemporary poems. The award-winning speeches, essays and letters attached to this book also show us a painful and unique poetic soul.

# The Book of Questions (Up and Down)

By Edmund Jabes.

Translated by Liu Nanqi; Ye Anning proofreading translation

The first Chinese translation of The Book of Questions by French poet and writer Edmund Jabes is a cross-text work that "does not belong to any type, but covers everything". Through the poetic shell of flashing sound and light, interwoven images and associations, Jabes injected "root-seeking" thinking and the core of "writing" seeking by sacrificing himself in the covered "infinite" field for "spirit" re-creation. The masterpiece of the pure translation series "The Works of Emond Jabes".

# The Book of Similarity

By Edmund Jabes.

Translated by Liu Nanqi; Ye Anning proofreading translation

His works were listed in the western canon, and the Chinese version of The Book of Similarity, one of the works of Edmund Jabes by the famous French thinker Edmund Jabes, was first published. It is divided into three volumes, which are "The Book of Similarity", "Hint Desert" and "Invisible and Invisible". The book is full of Jabes’s philosophical thinking. From language to literature, from religion to tradition, anxiety and perplexity are constantly clear and firm in the torture of the author’s soul. One of the important works in the "Series of Works by Emond Jabes".

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Series "Yang Xianrang, Yang Zhiyang’s Water, Naming and Knowing each other" Notes on Wang Xuetai’s Works Series "Water Margin", Wang Shucun, Playing New Year’s Pictures, Pinellia ternata, Platanus acerifolia Cafe and Insects in the Wild, Black Pottery, Haizi, Editor-in-Chief of a Series of Poems. Zhang Qinghua Heidelberg’s Notes, Pang Yuliang, Half a Father in Pain, Jitangjiali, Zhang Ruifeng Kafka’s Puzzle, Xiao Er, Jin Huidui’s Beauty Plan, Cherry Blossom Chaos, Ji Wenjun’s Cao Xueqin’s Heritage, Cao Xueqin’s Territorial City, Yu Gengzhe Tang Kaiguo, Zhu Xiani Yuchengzi Han Suyin’s Moon, Bruno Schulz Crocodile Street, Edmund Jabes’s Threshold, Shajing Jiangzi, Going to Linzhi to See Peach Blossoms, Liu Kemu, Seven Thousand Li Exile, Jingge, Sun Moon and West East: From Suzhou to Madrid, Pompeii Bowl and Bowl, Zhao Bo Yunshang.

Original title: "Yangzhishui: the luxury of Ming Dynasty, concentrated in a few people, they have various ways to enjoy luxury | pure scene"

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