Dialogue guest

　　Li Buyun (Member of Honorary Faculty of China Academy of Social Sciences, Director of Human Rights Research Center of Guangzhou University)

　　● We should pay close attention to the study and ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as soon as possible with appropriate reservations.

　　Xu Xianming (Member the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), Member of Law Committee, President of Shandong University)

　　● Only institutional human rights are fundamental human rights. In the future, China’s human rights system should be reconstructed.

　　At the beginning of November, our government announced that it would formulate the National Action Plan on Human Rights for the first time, and plan the development of human rights in China in the next two years.

　　This news is great news for Li Buyun, member of Honorary Department of China Academy of Social Sciences, and Xu Xianming, member of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) and president of Shandong University. Human rights have been their lifelong pursuit.

　　Thirty years ago, on December 6, 1978, Li Buyun published the article "Adhere to the equality of citizens in law" in the People’s Daily, which was recognized as the "first article" for the legal profession to break through the ideological and theoretical forbidden zone; He also proposed that "criminals are also citizens", which triggered a big debate.

　　Back then, Li Buyun believed that it was 30 years of reform and opening up that opened up a "new era of human rights protection" in the history of the Chinese nation.

　　Twenty-nine years ago, as the first college student to go to court after the Cultural Revolution, Xu Xianming volunteered to defend a murderer. Over the years, he wrote "The Right to Existence" and others’ works, and put forward many proposals and suggestions to promote human rights. Together with Li Buyun, he encouraged and called for "human rights being enshrined in the Constitution".

　　"When human rights were enshrined in the Constitution in 2004, I have a feeling of dying." Xu Xianming’s words came from the heart.

　　In the eyes of two promoters of China’s human rights cause, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee 30 years ago was a new starting point for China’s human rights protection, which brought about the lifting of the human rights concept and the expansion of human rights practice. Thirty years later, human rights have become the mainstream value in China today. In the next 30 years, human rights in China will be respected as never before, and people will have more universal, broader and more equal human rights.

　　Five major nodes

　　Human rights are no longer forbidden zones.

　　1978 Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee

　　New "origin" of human rights protection

　　Background: In December 1978, the communique of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee pointed out: "The civil rights stipulated in the Constitution must be resolutely guaranteed and no one can infringe upon them."

　　During the Cultural Revolution, human rights were regarded as the patent of capitalism. In the early days of reform and opening up, human rights were still regarded as "bourgeois slogans". In 1978, the practice of human rights protection for the Rightists took the lead, and by November all parts of the country had taken off the Rightists’ hats. By 1982, more than 3 million cadres’ unjust, false and misjudged cases had been rehabilitated and more than 470,000 party member had been reinstated as a Party member.

　　The word "human rights" did not appear in the communiqué of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. But both Li Buyun and Xu Xianming regard it as the new "origin" of human rights protection.

　　Li Buyun: Looking back at history, a key point is that the new China was founded in 1949, and the people of China stood up, which opened up a domestic and international environment for the protection of human rights.

　　At the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, important concepts such as safeguarding citizens’ rights and equality before the law were clarified. In particular, it emphasizes democracy and the legal system, which is also a question of individual rights ―― democracy is first and foremost a person’s democratic right, and the legal system is to protect human rights. It marks a new beginning of human rights protection in China.

　　Xu Xianming: Human rights have long been the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s proposition: in 1923, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s first Constitution put forward human rights; During the Jinggangshan period, the Outline of the Constitution of chinese soviet republic clearly stated "people’s rights" …

　　The 30 years of reform and opening up, in a sense, are 30 years of political reform and 30 years of institutional innovation. Only institutional human rights are fundamental human rights. The great meeting 30 years ago was a new "origin" of human rights protection.

　　The Fourth Constitution of 1982

　　It lists 28 kinds of civil rights, which are almost the same as those in the west.

　　Background: In December, 1982, New China enacted the fourth constitution, namely the current constitution. Article 33 stipulates: "Anyone with People’s Republic of China (PRC) nationality is a citizen of People’s Republic of China (PRC)."

　　Some people say that you can’t understand the meaning of "citizen" without going through the Cultural Revolution. At that time, "rich land against bad right" was not treated as a citizen and lost the basic dignity of being a human being.

　　Previously, the 1949 "Common Program" only stipulated the rights of the "people"; The 1954 Constitution stipulated the rights of citizens, but did not answer what is "citizen".

　　The definition of "citizen" in the 1982 Constitution means that "rich land against bad right" is also a citizen, and criminals are also citizens, all of whom should have basic human rights protection.

　　On November 20th, 1980, the Supreme People’s Court Special Court tried the case of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing’s counter-revolutionary group in public, and held 44 sessions before and after, which was regarded as "an example of handling cases according to law".

　　Li Buyun: The greatest crime of the Gang of Four was trampling on human rights. A public trial according to law embodies the five judicial principles of human rights protection: independent trial according to law, judicial democracy, seeking truth from facts, humanitarianism and legal equality.

　　Among the four constitutions of New China, the 1982 Constitution lists the most specific rights of human rights, which is almost the same as that of western countries.

　　The basic rights of citizens were only two in 1975, 12 in 1978 and 28 in 1982, adding new provisions such as "personal dignity is inviolable", which greatly promoted the development of human rights in China.

　　The first "White Paper on Human Rights" in 1991

　　Human rights are called "great nouns"

　　Background: On November 2, 1991, the State Council Information Office published a white paper entitled "Human Rights Situation in China". This is the first official human rights document released by the China government to the world.

　　In the first "White Paper on Human Rights" of China Government, human rights were called "great nouns"; Emphasizing that the realization of full human rights is "a long-term historical task of the people and government of China"; And put forward that "the right to subsistence is the primary human right of Chinese people".

　　Li Buyun: In June 1993, the Second World Conference on Human Rights adopted the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, which was attended by representatives from more than 180 countries, including China. The declaration recognizes the universality of human rights and explicitly considers the characteristics of various countries and regions. This is the first time that China has recognized the universality of human rights in diplomacy.

　　Xu Xianming: In October 1995, Jiang Zemin, then president, said in an interview with an American television station that the realization of the principle of universality of human rights must be combined with the specific conditions of each country. This is the first time that China leaders have publicly acknowledged the universality of human rights.

　　In 2004, human rights were enshrined in the Constitution.

　　"Respecting and safeguarding human rights" has become the basic obligation of the state.

　　Background: On March 14th, 2004, the Second Session of the Tenth National People’s Congress passed an amendment to the Constitution, and "the state respects and protects human rights" was written into the Constitution.

　　In May 2004, the Global Poverty Alleviation Conference was held in Shanghai. The meeting evaluated China’s poverty alleviation as a "vivid example". In 2004 alone, the central government allocated 12.2 billion yuan to help the poor, and the rural poor population decreased by 2.9 million compared with the previous year. "The right to subsistence is the primary human right of the people of Chinese", and China took poverty alleviation as a breakthrough to carry out vivid and effective human rights practice.

　　Xu Xianming: There are three meanings for human rights to be enshrined in the Constitution: the protection of human rights in China has been unprecedented inclusive and extensive. The subject of human rights is no longer only aimed at citizens, but extends from citizens to everyone; The human rights system is moving from closed to open. When human rights are incorporated into the constitution, the human rights system changes, and those that are not listed should also be protected; Respecting and safeguarding human rights has become the basic obligation of the state. This indicates that the country’s values have begun to change.

　　Report of the 17th National Congress of 2007

　　Give a variety of new human rights such as the right to know and the right to participate.

　　Background: On October 15th, 2007, the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out: "Protect people’s right to know, participate, express and supervise."

　　In September 1997, the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held, and "respecting and safeguarding human rights" was written into the report of the National Congress of the Party for the first time. Since then, the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China once again reiterated "respecting and safeguarding human rights".

　　In the report of the 17th National Congress, human rights were mentioned twice: the healthy development of human rights; Respect and protect human rights, and guarantee the rights of all members of society to participate and develop on an equal footing according to law.

　　China has made new strides in human rights practice. On January 1st, 2006, the Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Agricultural Tax was abolished. The abolition of agricultural tax in that year reduced farmers’ tax burden by more than 120 billion yuan.

　　Li Buyun: The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is of great significance to the future of human rights in China. People-oriented Scientific Outlook on Development will respect and protect human rights more. In the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, all aspects of human rights are taken care of, and the right to know, the right to express and the right to participate are beyond the specific enumeration in the Constitution.

　　Xu Xianming: I think the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has reconstructed China’s human rights system, which covers a wide range, including political, economic and social fields: learning to teach-the right to education; The right to health and medical treatment; A sense of security for the elderly-social rights; What you earn from your labor ―― the right to labor remuneration; Have a place to live ―― the right of moderate residence, etc.

You don’t need to be a fitness expert

There are not many technical thresholds.

It can be in groups of three or five.

You can "I" walk alone.

After "City Walk" became

After the "new favorite" of people’s travel and rest

"City Ride" is also hot and "out of the circle"

A pair of iron legs and two sleeves.

Ride your beloved bike and roam the city.

It has become a leisure way for many people to punch in.

The literal translation of "City Ride" is city riding. The so-called riding, riding tools are bicycles. China’s cycling culture has experienced ups and downs. In 1956, a 28-inch "permanent" model was rolled off the assembly line, and New China had the ability to independently design and produce bicycles. From "Phoenix" to "Flying Pigeon", the bicycle was not only one of the "three big things" for generations of Chinese people to get married, but also connected with the mobile China in the eyes of their parents. Later, with the rise of vehicles such as family cars and battery cars, the status of bicycles as "commuting kings" was gradually replaced.

What is the charm that makes bicycles a new favorite again? Let’s talk about it today.

one

Why is Citylide fascinating?

The popularity of Citylide is beyond many people’s imagination. According to statistics, at present, there are more than 100 million people cycling regularly in China, and nearly 10 million people participate in cycling. Except for a few professional cyclists, most people still take the City Ride route, which is a hobby of cycling. Walk too slowly, drive too fast, and ride just right.

Notes on cycling on social platforms.

So, why do so many people have a special liking for the new "online celebrity Movement" of City Ride?

The sense of surprise of "meeting unexpectedly"

For office workers who work from nine to five in the city, the usual life path is fixed between home and work, and the scenery on the way to and from work every day is similar. Different from the simple commuting at two o’clock and one line, Citylide’s route is more random and diverse, and it can also bring more fresh experiences.

Riding and stopping on a "popular" path, maybe something new will pop up at the next intersection: an ice-cold special latte, a pot of steaming cakes and snacks … A moment of free energy can cure the fatigue of the day.

Ultimate pure "cost performance"

Compared with style and style, nowadays, people pay more attention to the cost-effective life, and consumption has also changed to practicality, applicability and economy, and City Ride meets everyone’s needs. As a zero-emission travel mode, City Ride can not only reduce the carbon emissions in the transportation field to a certain extent, but also contribute to environmental protection. It also finds a "three-all" solution that can not only exercise, but also change the sports scene for urban people who are inconvenient to exercise due to conditions such as venues and equipment.

In addition, riding can also choose not to match the speed, not to roll the equipment, and how much investment is controlled by yourself. Although the word City Ride seems to carry the label of exquisite petty bourgeoisie, in fact, the cost is not high and the operation is simple. What everyone pursues is the happiness of "doing more with less money".

"God Assist" of Social Platform

A large number of "planting grass" posts and sharing posts on social platforms have sent a wave of "god assists" to the popularity of Citylide, attracting the attention of a large number of sports enthusiasts.

Every weekend or weekday night, about three or five friends unlock different cycling routes and various new ways of playing, and explore new fun of urban life during cycling, which has become a lifestyle sought after by more and more people.

2

How can City Ride be more comfortable?

What are the precautions?

When we ride a bicycle, there are three parts of our body that are in direct contact with the bicycle, that is, our hands (handlebars), our feet (pedals) and our buttocks (seat bags). The relationship between the contact points between the body and the bicycle and our height directly determines the posture, muscle force efficiency and comfort when riding.

How should we adjust these points according to our height?

We usually ride a bike, and we often adjust the distance between these points by adjusting the height of the seat bag to adjust the force angle of the thighs and knees when pedaling. If the height of the seat bag is too high or too low, the leg muscles will not be at the proper angle of force when riding, resulting in insufficient muscle strength, which will reduce the riding efficiency and make us feel uncomfortable.

Some studies have found that for cyclists, there is still a 30-degree bend (that is, a slight bend of the knee) in the knee bending angle (as shown in the figure) when the pedal is stepped to the end, and riding with a body leaning forward angle of 55 is the most comfortable.

Source: Priego Quesadaji, Pé rez-Soriano P, Lucas-Cuevas AG, Salvador Palmer R, Cibriá n Ortiz de Andarm. Effect of Bike-Fit in the Perception of Comfort, Fatigue and Pain. J Sports Sci. 2017 Jul; 35(14):1459-1465. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1215496. Epub 2016 Aug 4. PMID: 27490817.

Next, I will teach you a simple way to adjust the height of the seat bag. The specific method is to hold the seat bag under your arm and straighten your arm. If your fingertips are just at the center of the car, then the height of the seat bag is more appropriate.

Although this adjustment is not accurate enough, it is no problem for you to ride comfortably for several kilometers. Of course, if your driving skills are poor and the road conditions are complicated, you can lower the height of the seat bag a little to make an emergency stop.

Of course, the original intention of riding is no matter how good and the experience is wonderful. If there is no safety as the premise, nothing can be discussed. These safety knowledge should be kept in mind:

Cycling in the right place

When riding, you should choose a square or park with riding lanes; When riding a bike on the street, be sure to take the bike lane, and it is strictly forbidden to walk through the traffic; Avoid cycling in crowds. Pedestrians who are knocked down by bicycles, especially those who hurt their heads, are likely to face fatal risks.

Riding age should be legal.

Article 72 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that driving bicycles, tricycles, electric bicycles and motorized wheelchairs for the disabled on the road shall comply with the following provisions: driving bicycles and tricycles must be at least 12 years old; Driving electric bicycles and motorized wheelchairs for the disabled must be at least 16 years old.

Obey the rules and order

When riding a non-motor vehicle on the road, it is necessary to pass in the non-motor vehicle lane; If there is no non-motor vehicle lane on the road, you should drive along the right side of the road. During riding, you should obey the traffic signals, stop at the red light, go at the green light, don’t race against the second, don’t be distracted, ensure safety before passing, and don’t rush through the red light for a moment!

Stay away from vehicle blind spots.

When a large vehicle turns, the trajectories of the front and rear wheels do not coincide, which will present a meniscus-shaped blind zone. If you are in this area at this time, it is easy to be blown down and involved in the bottom of the car, resulting in a crushing accident.

If you want to enjoy riding, it is not only related to urban planning and traffic management, but also depends on the joint efforts of every cyclist.

three

Guangzhou 520 km cycling road

Embrace City Ride

Guangzhou recently launched 520 kilometers.

Mountain and sea riding the road

You can punch in the classic scenic spots in the city

You can also get close to nature

Focus on a sense of relaxation

Schematic diagram of the main line of 520km mountain and sea cycling road in Guangzhou.

Guangzhou’s 520-kilometer mountain and sea cycling road is about 520 kilometers long, reaching Liuxihe National Forest Park in Conghua in the north, passing through the Pearl River Belt and reaching Nansha Beach in the south.

The landscape pattern of Yunshan Lianzhushui and the green infrastructure space occupying about two thirds of Guangzhou’s urban area have laid a good foundation for the development of cycling roads. With the long-term efforts of Guangzhou, the prototype of cycling systems such as greenway, Bidao, country road and municipal road slow lane has been built.

Li Hu Bi Dao.

Taking the cycling road as the carrier, connecting dots and lines into a network, connecting traditional villages, industrial heritages, industrial towns, ecological, agricultural, historical, urban, marine and other landscape resources in series, creating a number of theme sections, promoting comprehensive land improvement in the whole region with high quality and efficiency, and helping the "100 million project" and the construction of green and beautiful Guangzhou.

four

Guangzhou cycling route recommendation

Swipe up and down to view

"Ride" on a stream

Mountains and rivers, drunk beauty oxygen bar.

Conghua is famous for its rare hot springs, beautiful scenery and fresh air. Three or five confidants meet to relax by riding outdoors.

Bidao, Wenquan Town, Conghua.

Riding along the Liuxi River, you can enjoy the national version pavilion, hot spring scenic spot, Mibu town, Congdu wetland park, ecological design town and other scenic spots, enjoy the magnificent scenery such as "mountains, water, fields, beaches and pavilions", and also go deep into natural oxygen bars such as Liuxi River Forest Park, Shimen Forest Park and Fengyunling Forest Park to feel the infinite charm of nature.

"Riding" in Zengcheng

Zengjiang Gallery, lingering.

Zengcheng has rich waterfront scenery and greenway network foundation, among which the greenway cycling route in Zengcheng District is one of the ten "2023 China Outdoor Sports Boutique Cycling Routes" issued by China Cycling Association, and it is also the only selected route in Guangdong Province.

Zengjiang Gallery Bidao.

The route runs through the north and south, surrounded by mountains and water, and mainly passes through roads such as Zengfang Road and Lijing Avenue, and is connected in series with Zengjiang Gallery, Liantang Spring Scenery, He Xiangu Scenic Area, White Narcissus Waterfall and Lihu Wetland. Ride across the winding rural roads, enjoy the beautiful Wei town, the old street Gu Xiang, the Hemei village and the flowery greenway along the way, and experience the continuous picture of the blending of humanities and natural landscapes.

"Riding" meets the new central axis

Prosperous business capital, enjoy vitality

Guangzhou’s new central axis links nature, gathers commerce and trade, and opens up its sources. Ride all the way along Ersha Island and Yuejiang Road Bidao, and enjoy the beautiful scenery along the river and the bustling city.

Read Jiang Lubi Road.

There are many landmark buildings in the CBD of Pearl City, high-grade office buildings and high-end shopping malls, and there are many people in Guang Zhouta, flower city square, Haixinsha, Ersha Island and Pagoda. The atmosphere of Pazhou artificial intelligence gathering area is getting stronger, and trams are passing by. The theme flower road of Yuejiang Road makes the most beautiful Guangzhou Road. Pazhou Exhibition Hall tells the long history of a thousand-year-old business capital, and children’s parks, exhibition parks and post stations are available for cyclists to rest.

Riding in Panyu

Pastoral water town, ancient rhyme and new wind

There are many famous villages, citizen farms and holiday farms in Lingnan in the eastern suburb of Panyu, including daling village, a cycling resort and Gull Island, as well as modern leisure agriculture demonstration areas such as Hualong, Lianhuazhou and Gull Island.

Gull island in the evening.

Riding along the road, rivers are intertwined, bridges are criss-crossing, fish ponds are connected with rice fields, orchards and farms are interlaced, one side is the lion ocean with clear water and blue sky, and the other side is the leisurely and tranquil pastoral scenery, which is quiet and peaceful and refreshing.

Ride to Nansha

South of the coast, facing the wind by the sea.

Along the Jiaomen River, Lingshan Island, Tsim Bi Road, Pazhou Waterway and Huigu Super Dike, a series of ecological corridors stretch along the bi-colored embankment.

On both sides of Jiaomen River in Nansha.

Riding along the road, you can have a panoramic view of endless waves and sunset, and experience "stealing a half-day leisure" from the busy urban life. The 21st Surge of Nansha, known as the "Antarctic of Guangzhou", has been going south along the Bidao of Wanqingsha Island, overlooking the boundless Lingdingyang at the mouth of the Pearl River with "Yunshan Zhushui", and feeling the vast nature at the southernmost tip of Guangzhou by the sea breeze.

The world is so fast.

Sometimes I want to slow down.

Experience mountain and sea riding in Guangzhou

And don’t forget to pay attention to safety.

Enjoy the pleasure of riding.

Reference: People’s Daily Popular Science, People’s Daily Review, Zhejiang Propaganda, Guangzhou Daily, China Guangzhou Publishing, Popular Science China.

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Original title: "City Ride is on fire, you can go to these places in Guangzhou →"

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　　On January 11th, 2020 (the first) China enhanced environmentally friendly vehicle Awards Ceremony was successfully held in Hainan International Convention and Exhibition Center under the guidance of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Automobile Industry Branch and co-sponsored by Auto Watch magazine and Tsinghua Automobile Engineering Development Research Institute.

　　With the original intention of energy saving and emission reduction, the annual general election in enhanced environmentally friendly vehicle, China set the selection scope in the environment-friendly vehicles with advanced energy saving and emission reduction technologies, such as pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and oil-electric hybrid vehicles, and let China’s own brands, new power brands, joint ventures and imported brands compete on the same stage. All the participating vehicles have gone through the initial evaluation, real vehicle physical test, expert evaluation, final evaluation meeting and other links. The whole evaluation set up six evaluation systems, including physical test, style design, manufacturing level, driving experience, safety performance and intelligent network connection, which comprehensively tested the performance and manufacturing quality of the participating vehicles. In the end, 12 models stood out and won the annual award.

　　Award-winning car companies include independent brands such as BYD, Geometry and GAC New Energy, joint ventures such as GAC Acura, GAC Honda, GAC Toyota, Dongfeng yueda Kia, Dongfeng Honda and Beijing Hyundai, as well as new car-making forces such as Weilai, Xpeng Motors and Future Auto.

　　At the award ceremony, dozens of mainstream media such as Sohu Auto, Tencent Auto, Sina Auto, iQiyi Auto, Cheyou Headline, and representatives of award-winning car companies witnessed this glorious moment.

　　Driver of the Year Award Dongfeng yueda Kia K5 Plug-in Hybrid

　　Reasons for winning:The appearance of Jin Dao makes it feel better to run, which is a masterpiece and a global design. Cutting-edge hybrid system can save fuel and worry. Low-center-of-gravity body, highlighting sports genes, handling and comfort. The omni-directional intelligent driving assistance system is both exciting and calm.

　　Beijing Hyundai Angino pure electric driver of the year award

　　Reasons for winning:Strong power, sports chassis training and various driving modes induce passion in life in silence. Excellent global technology platform, intelligent and integrated security system, not only fun, but also unlimited interest.

　　Tucki G3 2020 Endurance Award of the Year

　　Reasons for winning:Not only does it charge fast, but it also runs far. The 520km NEDC has a comprehensive working condition, and a pure electric intelligent SUV that can be said to leave is running without fear of the end.

　　Outstanding Quality Award of the Year Dongfeng Honda CR-V Sharp and Mixed

　　Reasons for winning:After more than ten years of classic inheritance, it has gained the support and trust of 1.5 million car owners. Nowadays, it is to protect thousands of families with a brand-new attitude, with high quality, large space, low power consumption and long battery life. I fell in love at first sight and felt at ease without moving.

　　Outstanding quality award of the year BYD Song Pro DM

　　Reasons for winning:Global design, the United States out of the international norm; Intelligent network connection, playing the trend model; German luxury car chassis is set up, with perfect balance between comfort and movement. Super five-star safety standards, rest assured that sailing, all the way for you.

　　Wit award of the year GAC new energy Aion LX

　　Reasons for winning:A pure electric monster, 3.9 seconds to break 100, comparable to a million super-run. A world-leading super-intelligent body, Intelligent IoT and Autopilot System 3.0, can see farther, respond faster and drive more stably. Self-evolving new experience of the Internet of Everything, knowing you, cars and life.

　　Power Award of the Year GAC Honda 10th Generation Accord Sharp Hybrid

　　Reasons for winning:The third generation i-MMD hybrid power system, 260TUBRO powerful power, low center of gravity body, racing-class seats, steering wheel deceleration paddles, have willful explosions and enjoyable push backs, and the driving pleasure is unexpected.

　　Best High Performance Vehicle of the Year K50

　　Reasons for winning:4.6 seconds 100 kilometers acceleration, born for "urgent" speed; 200km/h top speed, fighting for "extreme" speed. Smart design, dynamic beauty, natural blood, every look is heart-pounding. Brembo’s high-performance brakes, front and rear dual-motor four-wheel drive, and lightweight design of the whole car shine with performance everywhere.

　　Best hybrid car of the year GAC Acura CDX Sport Hybrid

　　Reasons for winning:Fine drilling appearance, eye-catching when you enter the eye. Textured interior is intimate when you enter the heart. I-MMD dual-motor hybrid power allows high performance and low fuel consumption. Pleasant and extreme driving safety is not limited to "what the naked eye can see", but also pays more attention to the calm control of "unknown dangers".

　　Best Hybrid GAC Toyota Ralink Shuangqing E+

　　Reasons for winning:EV pure electric, HEV strong hybrid, free switching, free driving, no mileage anxiety, but ultra-low fuel consumption. Enjoy the benefits and the sense of movement. Exclusive brown interior and glazed blue appearance, from the inside out, showing texture and charm.

　　Best Electric Vehicle of the Year-Geometry A

　　Reasons for winning:Flowing, multidimensional and avant-garde, it presents the balance between technology and aesthetics from the outside to the inside. A model of aerodynamics, the power does not leave, the battery life is more reliable, L2 plus intelligent driving, safety has its own guarantee, and the future guards the present.

　　Model of the Year Award-Weilai ES6

　　Reasons for winning:Excellent space, extraordinary control, 4 seconds new members of the club, can be warm, but also run wild. 510km long battery life, NIO Pilot automatic assisted driving system, the world’s first electric energy service system, dare to define the future and dare to create the future.

　　At the end of the award ceremony, all the guests at the scene issued a declaration of "building a beautiful ecological home with environmentally-friendly smart products". This is a simple declaration, but it is a heavy commitment, which embodies the responsibility and responsibility of our autobots. I hope that the whole society will join us in caring for the earth on which we live and building our beautiful home together.

From Christina’s voice on behalf of the "middle-aged actress" on the hot search last year, to Ma Yili’s call for women’s reproductive autonomy recently, feminist issues have been hot in the public opinion field in recent years.

The fiery topic of "She" was quickly reflected in the film and television industry, with women as the narrative subject, and the theme content of "She" concerned about "female expression" gradually came to the stage. This year, the summer drama market has become the world with the theme of "She": Twenty Don’t Confuse, Nothing But Thirty, He doesn’t really love you that much, Skyscrapers, White Moonlight, Dear Yourself and other dramas have emerged one after another, causing widespread concern. According to the public information of the dramas that have been started and are to be broadcast, a large number of female-themed dramas such as last romance, Bitter Girl, Just Youth, Great Girl, Family heirloom and Dress Up will follow.

With the increasingly fierce competition in the field of "She", what changes have taken place in the creation of "She"? What kind of works are more easily recognized by the audience and resonate with the audience? What are the problems in the creation of "She"? How to crack and realize innovation?　

From "Big Lady" to "Urban Woman"

Looking at the whole drama market, the female theme has always been an existence that cannot be ignored. However, in the past, the female orientation in many works was trapped in a chicken feather and obsessed with the battle between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law; Or it is getting narrower and narrower on the road of "big woman". Dai Qing, a professor at the School of Drama, Film and Television, Communication University of China, said that most of the once popular female dramas were cross-type, and there were female protagonists in various theme types such as costume idol dramas, historical legendary dramas and urban emotional dramas. "But the more female dramas, the more often they showed the pattern of’ overbearing president falling in love with me’." These dramas take "Female Legends and Inspirations" as the publicity gimmick, but what they show is how women step by step reach the peak of their lives by relying on men who prefer themselves. There are also some female dramas, which are more like the gender transformation of male dramas, and the background is not realistic.

In recent years, some female dramas have obviously changed their styles and perspectives, and gradually turned to the creation of female realistic themes, such as My First Half Life, Ode to Joy and Beijing Women’s Picture Book, etc., which have won considerable discussion. However, the creative habit of some works "relying on love to promote the plot" has not changed. "Many women still have the support of the overbearing president." In Dai Qing’s view, some dramas are covered with the cloak of "female inspiration", but inside they are the "fairy tale" love of materialized women. "But how romantic the image is, how cruel the reality is."

With the creation upsurge of realistic themes, the theme of urban women has become a new hot spot and ushered in a blowout last year. These works deeply explore the theme of women’s self-growth and transformation, and face up to all kinds of problems encountered by modern urban women in career, love and family. Recently, a survey conducted by Guduo Data Research Institute on 23 TV dramas about urban women in recent years shows that the female topics in these dramas mainly focus on the female workplace, female independence, family of origin, self-identity, domestic violence, etc. Among them, women’s workplace, women’s independence and family of origin are the three most common topics, and they are also the hot topics of general discussion.

Dai Qing believes that the prosperity of the theme of "She" is an important symbol of the prominent aesthetic superiority of women at present, which is closely related to the general improvement of women’s economic status and social status. Especially in the era of media integration, women as the main audience help the fan economy, and the number of young and middle-aged female screenwriters is increasing day by day. These factors have greatly enhanced the power of "she" and created a popular theme of "she" on the screen. Shown in the creation of family ethics drama, urban emotional drama, youth campus drama, etc., female group drama has become a major creative highlight. Ode to Joy series and Nothing But Thirty’s Twenty Don’t Confuse, released by Ning Meng Film this summer, are all representative works of female group drama. Interestingly, the roles of some male characters in these works began to change. "In many female dramas this year, men no longer play the role of escort for women, and some men even become obstacles to women’s growth."　

Zhou Kehui, the producer of iQiyi’s self-made drama development center, once participated in the creation of the female drama "Blame You for Being Too Beautiful". She believes that the root of the change in the theme of "she" lies in the increasing realistic pressure faced by women. "These pressures come not only from family, but also from society and the workplace. How to integrate emotions and careers, how to face social topics such as fertility and age, and the complex situation faced by women have attracted more and more attention, so works focusing on new women in the workplace came into being. "

Look at the reality and show the truth

From the overall performance of this year’s drama market, we can see that focusing on the realistic works of urban women, with in-depth discussion on women’s workplace, life, family and other aspects, has achieved good ratings and aroused many audiences’ resonance.

Zhang Yingji, a screenwriter in Nothing But Thirty, thinks that it is very difficult to create female themes. The social role of women in the new era has changed a lot, but the audience is still demanding the female roles in the plays. How to balance the realism and the audience’s acceptance is a major difficulty in script creation. Zhang Yingji emphasized that it is very important to observe and record life when creating female themes. "For example, the moving master and intermediary brother who appeared in Nothing But Thirty are actually met in my usual life. I silently wrote down their words and professional characteristics, and then digested them into my works. " In Zhang Yingji’s view, this kind of characters and plays with the rough texture of life is the cornerstone of the realism of realistic works.

Creating a female image with a sense of the times and real temperature is the key to the breakthrough of female themes. Xu Xiaoou, executive vice president of Ning Meng Film and the chief producer of the TV series "Twenty Don’t Confuse" in Nothing But Thirty, said that "Twenty Don’t Confuse" took a long time to gain insights from the post-1995 generation, "depicting the group images of this generation, and then refining the portraits of people, such as their personality, outlook on money, values and love, and then putting them into the main plot to build a story." The refining and expression of 30+ female portraits is also the core difficulty in Nothing But Thirty’s creative process. Xu Xiaoou believes that to create a role, it is necessary to integrate special typical people with high-concentration details, which will arouse real resonance, that is, "the reality of the world half a foot off the ground."　

Zhou Kehui believes that works that are close to the audience’s life and hit the audience’s pain points are more likely to resonate and then go out of the circle. "People-oriented, reflecting the positive spirit of the times, observing real life, conveying universal empathy, and warming people’s hearts while showing true humanity, such works can arouse the audience’s expectations, jump out of their own genre circles, trigger discussions, and achieve the effect of being out of the circle." In Zhou Kehui’s view, the audience will not pay for a work that is completely "irrelevant to me". "If the audience needs to spread spontaneously, the work is bound to show what they face together or what they expect to see."

For the creation of female themes, Yang Hongtao, a professor at the School of Drama, Film and Television of China Communication University, believes that it is necessary to grasp three levels: "At the story level, we must treat the relationship between life flow and drama dialectically, and we must grasp the dialectical relationship between the two aspects; On the role level, in order to achieve the collusion of typicality and uniqueness, we must capture a character in the female images of different occupations, ages, circumstances, regions, incomes and academic qualifications; At the level of topic selection, it is necessary to hit the target audience more accurately, expand its circle boundary and break through intergenerational barriers. "

There are hidden worries behind prosperity.

There are also hidden worries behind the prosperity of her theme creation. Yang Mingpin, deputy director of the Development Research Center of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, said that in recent years, women’s themes have increased dramatically, and several excellent works with both word-of-mouth and topics have appeared. This is the exploration result of contemporary realistic drama, which reflects the confusion and pursuit of women’s life value brought about by the social progress and rapid changes in contemporary China, and has certain value and is worthy of recognition; But on the other hand, we should also see the serious problems exposed by these female dramas. "That is, the aesthetic focus is lost in the narrow and small, and it is limited to expressing the small world of certain types of female individuals, ignoring the big world and era of contemporary China women, and the social environment is not typical."　

Yang Mingpin believes that although some works attract onlookers, they have not produced greater spiritual strength to inspire and lead people, their aesthetic value is difficult to break through, and their artistic aftertaste is difficult to last. "This actually illustrates a creative phenomenon: lofty realism is bound to write profound changes and high-spirited spirit in the great era. If we ignore the times, it can only be a small world of office and family life. Although it is exquisitely written and innovative, it is difficult to improve the spiritual height, cultural connotation and artistic value, and it is difficult to climb the peak of art. "

Dai Qing believes that women’s theme creation has a certain extreme tendency in character setting. For example, the female characters in some works have a strong materialistic pursuit and moral sense, which will make the characters full of anxiety and tension and easily lead to hot topics on the Internet. However, this kind of role setting has great singularity and lacks real typicality. "Typicality is not the superposition of legendary and bizarre, but the typical meaning should be oriented to the public, with both individuality and universality, so that people can see their own shadow in typical characters."

In some contemporary urban women’s works, the drama of "Green Tea Little Three" and "Tearing love rat by Hand" can always trigger a wide-ranging discussion on the Internet. Dai Qing believes that in the performance of the relationship between men and women, it is not appropriate to treat it as binary opposition and tension. In fact, whether it is a sweet pet drama or a confrontation between the hero and heroine, it is a more extreme treatment, which may seem very enjoyable and easy to cause social topics, but it is not a clever writing after all; It is the general direction of drama creation to show the harmony of the family and the gender and convey the gentle and normal ethics.

Regarding the problems existing in the creation of "She", Zhou Kehui also mentioned "suspension" and whether the play can maintain the original intention of discussing the topic of "women’s independence". "The fundamental thing in the creation of women’s themes is to do a good job in designing people. How to solve the problems faced by women, how to choose in the face of love, should be set according to the person’s design and the growth line of characters, and combined with the reality to do landing and restoration. In this way, this female image is full, her choice is logical, and her growth is moving and convincing. "

Life is the source of constant innovation.

The creation of any theme needs constant innovation. "Women+suspense" is undoubtedly a new direction of female theme creation this year. For example, the small-budget online drama "Dangerous She" at the beginning of the year, "Imperfect She" starring Zhou Xun, and the recent broadcast of "White Moonlight" and "Skyscraper" all belong to this category. Ouyang Lou, a post-90s screenwriter, is also concerned about the rise of the new type of "women+suspense". "Previously, women’s works were mostly concentrated in the areas of idols, feelings and family ethics, but now female audiences are obviously not satisfied with this, and they hope to have more rich and novel ways to tell women’s stories. In addition, more and more female audiences are beginning to prefer exciting, complex and brain-burning plot modes, and suspense works are no longer exclusive to men. "

Xie Ying, general manager of Youku Drama Center, said that female themes are hard currency. Youku will continue to explore and deepen the female market with platform users and related users as the core. This year, it will launch many love women dramas with different themes, and will continue to increase the number of female suspense categories. "We have some new ideas, and we are also making corresponding layouts: First, the emotions are more full; Second, the types are more diversified. I also hope that more and more works will resonate with the audience in terms of women’s self-awakening and character growth. " In addition to the already broadcast White Moonlight, Youku will follow up with other series such as Cloister Pavilion, Fog Tracking and Sten. In these dramas, women are no longer the functional role of foil, but the main promoter of the plot and the subject and foothold of values.

Dai Qing hopes that the creators can further expand their creative ideas, broaden their cultural horizons, explore broader women’s life problems, pay attention to ordinary women, and show the living conditions of different female groups; At the same time, we should link the independence of women’s spiritual personality, women’s liberation with the development of the whole society, and the self-reliance and self-improvement of different groups and individuals, and make an overall grasp and consideration to create a more honest, credible, rich and diverse female image. She believes that many classic dramas at home and abroad, such as Golden Marriage, Parents’ Love, Massage, Beautiful Times of Daughter-in-law and Please Answer 1988, can be used as aesthetic objects for creators to study and refer to. "Learn how these classic works deal with the ripples of daily life, create poetic and aesthetic feelings of life, and how to grasp the dramatic temperature and discretion. The fertile soil of life is an inexhaustible mine, and innovation still comes from life. "

Specially planned | Braving the wind and waves of "She" drama series

"She" series braving the wind and waves

Methodology of "She" Theme Creation

Nothing But Thirty: Depicting female images with a sense of the times and real temperature.

Skyscraper: A Realistic Expression of Women’s Dilemma

"White Moonlight": The Suspense of "She" Constructs a Female Observation Perspective

—

　　When listening to the work report of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government recently, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the most arduous and arduous task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and solidly promoting common prosperity is still in the countryside, and the gap between urban and rural areas must be gradually narrowed. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader also stressed that it is necessary to improve the system and mechanism of urban-rural integration development, improve the policy system of equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural elements, promote the orderly flow of urban resource elements to the countryside, and enhance the vitality of agricultural and rural development.

　　The integration of urban and rural development is an important symbol of national modernization. In the process of industrialization and urbanization in China, a large number of factors of production flow from rural areas to cities, and cities have developed rapidly due to the accumulation of resource factors, while the development of vast villages has lagged behind due to the outflow of resource factors, which has caused problems such as unbalanced urban-rural development and insufficient rural development.

　　At present, the problem of insufficient imbalance between urban and rural development in China still exists, and the contradiction between urban and rural dual structure is still prominent, which has become one of the main obstacles restricting the integration and development of urban and rural areas in China.

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, the Communist Party of China, put forward that priority should be given to the development of agriculture and rural areas, and the integration of urban and rural areas should be adhered to, so as to smooth the flow of urban and rural factors. Accelerating the integration of urban and rural development is not only the meaning of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, but also the only way to achieve common prosperity.

　　The imbalance between urban and rural development is not sufficient, which is the inevitable result of the imbalance of urban and rural spatial structure and the unreasonable allocation of resource elements. To fundamentally break the institutional barriers that hinder the equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural factors, it is necessary to establish and improve the system and mechanism of urban-rural integrated development, promote more development factors and various services to the countryside, take the lead in breaking the dual structure of urban and rural areas in the county, and accelerate the equalization of basic public services.

　　To explore a new road of urban-rural integration and development, it is necessary to speed up the establishment and improvement of institutional mechanisms and policy systems conducive to the two-way flow of factors between urban and rural areas. It is necessary to improve the multi-input guarantee mechanism, increase investment in agricultural and rural infrastructure construction, accelerate the interconnection of urban and rural infrastructure, and provide support for promoting the two-way flow of talents, land, capital and other factors between urban and rural areas. It should be pointed out that rural development can not be achieved only by rural areas, but by promoting the orderly flow of urban resource elements to rural areas and enhancing the vitality of agricultural and rural development.

　　To explore a new way of urban-rural integration and development, and to smooth the urban-rural economic cycle, the core lies in developing county economy. Industrial revitalization is the top priority of rural revitalization and the starting point of practical work. In rural areas without industrial development, it is difficult for farmers to increase their income, which is not only difficult to gather popularity, but also difficult to attract talents. It is necessary to rely on the advantageous resources with rural characteristics, with the help of leading enterprises, family farms, new rural collective economic organizations and other main bodies to enhance the carrying capacity of counties in building agricultural industrial chains and characteristic industrial clusters, promote the new urbanization process through the development of county economy, and make up for the gap in the level of factor development between urban and rural areas.

　　To explore a new road of urban-rural integration, we should increase the supply of basic public services and promote the integration of urban-rural basic public services and social security systems. In recent years, China’s rural construction has achieved certain results, but the rural infrastructure is still not perfect, the level of public services is not high, and there are still many historical debts. In fact, the long-term imbalance in the allocation of public goods between urban and rural areas is one of the main reasons why the urban-rural dual structure is difficult to crack. Therefore, based on the inclusive characteristics of basic public goods, we should focus on rural basic old-age care, basic medical care and basic education, and narrow the gap between urban and rural basic public goods supply.

　　Urban-rural integration is a basic direction of future development, and attention should be paid to overall coordination and classified policies in the process of promotion. First of all, the flow of urban and rural factors involves many aspects, such as cities and villages, economy and society, population, resources and environment, etc. We should not make a sudden progress in policy guidance, but build a more systematic policy system to promote the free flow of urban and rural factors in a coordinated and efficient manner. Secondly, integration is not to eliminate the spatial functional differences between urban and rural areas, nor to pursue simple and uniform development, but to promote the complementary functions of urban and rural areas and smooth economic cycle by building a new type of urban-rural relationship, so as to achieve high-quality development in the coordinated progress of urban and rural areas. (Author: Jin Guanping Source: Economic Daily)

Our province actively promotes the expansion of the tariff-free policy of processing value-added exceeding 30% from Yangpu Bonded Port Area to Yangpu Area in Danzhou.
Policy expansion pilot enterprises enjoy dividends.

We will promote the development of strategic emerging industries and build a number of new growth engines such as information technology, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment and environmental protection. -Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Party

Hainan Daily reporter Lin Shuxi

It is about 5.6 kilometers from Yangpu Xindu Industrial Park, where Tianjilong Intelligent Control (Hainan) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Tianjilong Intelligent Control) is located, to the bonded port area of Yangpu Economic Development Zone, and it takes 10 minutes by car. Last year, Tianjilong Zhikong wanted to settle in Yangpu Bonded Port Area, but lost the opportunity because it did not conform to the industrial planning of Yangpu Bonded Port Area.

The tariff-free policy of processing value-added exceeding 30% is the core policy of the import and export policy system of Hainan Free Trade Port, which was once one of the unique policies of Hainan Free Trade Port in Yangpu Bonded Port Area. Originally, Tianjilong Zhikong could not enjoy this free trade port policy with high "gold content".

Not long ago, a policy linked the two missed parties. Since this year, our province has actively promoted the tariff-free policy of processing value-added exceeding 30% as a pilot, expanding from Yangpu Bonded Port Area to Danzhou Yangpu Area, as a high-level open pressure test, and accumulating experience for the whole island’s customs clearance operation.

On December 2, Tianjilong Zhikong stood out from many production and processing enterprises in Danzhou Yangpu, and caught the "hydrangea" thrown from the wall of Yangpu Bonded Port Area, becoming the first enterprise in Yangpu to enjoy the pilot expansion of Hainan Free Trade Port’s import and export policy system of "opening the first line and managing the second line".

On the morning of December 8, Hainan Daily reporter walked into Tianjilong intelligent control production workshop, only to see all kinds of processed valves placed on the ground, especially the pneumatic regulating valve with red appearance was the most conspicuous. Just a few days ago, this product just enjoyed the duty-free policy of processing value-added exceeding 30% for domestic sales, and its core parts locator was imported from Germany.

"The valve has a key technical index, that is, the leakage of the sealing surface. In addition to zero leakage, it is also necessary to accurately control the flow." Shi Haifeng, deputy general manager of Tianjilong Intelligent Control (Hainan) Co., Ltd. said that Tianjilong Intelligent Control’s main business is in the list of encouraged industries in Hainan Free Trade Port, and its intelligent control valve products are technologically advanced. "The sensitivity of the valve control switch we produce is very high. As long as there is 0.5% flow, the valve can be started normally, reaching the international advanced level and meeting the production requirements of various enterprises."

Shi Haifeng said that in addition to producing and processing all kinds of valves and fluid control equipment, the company also provides maintenance services to Hainan Refining and Chemical, Yisheng Petrochemical, Jinhai Pulp and Paper and other enterprises. Not only that, the reporter found through the publicity column of the factory that the company’s "friend circle" involves enterprises in the fields of petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgy, electric power and environmental protection.

"The advantage of Tianjilong Zhikong is that it can improve the supporting maintenance of Yangpu petrochemical industry chain, and the products are in line with the direction of the pilot expansion of the import and export policy system of’ first-line liberalization and second-line management’." Xu Lu, deputy director of Yangpu Port Office and deputy secretary general of Danzhou Municipal Government, said.

"Only by’ managing it’ can we’ let it go’." Ai Tao, head of the Second Division of Customs Comprehensive Business in Yangpu Economic Development Zone, told the reporter that according to the requirements of the General Administration of Customs, enterprises that meet the pilot must meet three conditions. First, it is necessary to obtain the enterprise qualification of advanced customs certification; second, it is necessary to build a video system that meets the requirements of customs supervision; third, the enterprise ERP management system should be connected with the customs supervision system and accept real-time customs supervision.

At the beginning of this year, after the pilot work of expanding the processing value-added tariff-free policy, the relevant departments of Danzhou Yangpu chose Tianjilong Zhikong as the pilot object after visiting enterprises on the spot. "We have set up two working classes to provide comprehensive guidance to Tianjilong Intelligent Control from the aspects of supporting system formulation, advanced customs certification, ERP system function development and joint debugging, and video monitoring system establishment." Ai Tao said that after nearly three months of hard work, on June 27th this year, Tianjilong Zhikong successfully obtained the qualification of advanced customs certification enterprise, and then carried out work tests such as business process, processing value-added goods for domestic sales clearance, which laid a solid foundation for the implementation of the first single business of policy expansion pilot in early December.

"I am very happy to enjoy the tariff-free policy of processing value-added. The policy dividend of Hainan Free Trade Port has helped enterprises reduce costs and improve product competitiveness." Shi Haifeng said that based on the company’s annual output of 3,000 sets of intelligent control valves, the tariff-free policy of processing value-added can exempt the company from taxes of nearly 3 million yuan.

According to the data provided by the customs department, as of November 30 this year, Yangpu Bonded Port Area has processed 285 value-added goods, with a value of 2.68 billion yuan and a tax reduction of 220 million yuan.

"Yangpu Customs will continue to thoroughly study, publicize and implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, focus on the requirements of the General Administration of Customs’ release, management, construction, establishment and trial’, continue to actively promote the pilot project of policy expansion with relevant departments, actively do a good job in the operation of Hainan Free Trade Port, and help the integrated development of Danzhou Yangpu." Ai Tao said.

(This newspaper Yangpu, December 8 th)

Guangdong Finance Procurement [2020] No.13

Provincial units:

　　In order to implement the spirit of deepening the reform plan of government procurement system and strictly meet the requirements of "tight days", according to the relevant laws and regulations such as the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Government Procurement Law" and its implementation regulations, the relevant matters concerning the standardization of the approval of provincial single-source procurement methods and the approval and management of imported products are hereby notified as follows:

　　I. Strictly examine and approve single-source procurement methods.

　　(1) For goods or services that meet any of the following circumstances, the purchaser may purchase them by single source according to law:

　　1. Goods or services can only be purchased from a specific supplier due to the use of irreplaceable patents and know-how;

　　2. Public service projects have special requirements and can only be purchased from a specific supplier;

　　3. Unable to purchase from other suppliers due to unforeseen emergency;

　　4. It is necessary to ensure the consistency of the original procurement projects or the requirements of supporting services, and it is necessary to continue to purchase from the original suppliers, and the total amount of additional funds does not exceed 10% of the original contract purchase amount;

　　5. If there is only one bidder (quotation) or only one bidder (quotation) who has passed the qualification examination or compliance examination after the bidding (quotation) deadline for a procurement project with an open tender amount above the standard, it is proved by experts that there are no unreasonable clauses in the procurement documents and the procurement procedures are in compliance with the regulations.

　　(2) The purchaser shall, in accordance with the decision-making system of "three majors and one big" matters, include the goods or services that meet the standard of open tender and intend to adopt the single-source procurement method in the discussion and decision-making scope of the "three majors and one big" matters of the unit.

　　(three) the purchaser intends to use a single source procurement, should be in the procurement activities before the start, invite professionals to demonstrate. Professionals can be selected by the purchaser or randomly selected from the expert database of government procurement evaluation. Demonstration professionals should have no economic and administrative affiliation with the purchaser. Professionals should objectively and independently issue complete, clear and definite argumentation opinions:One isWhether the budget arrangement of procurement projects is scientific and reasonable (Annex 1);The second isWhether the purchased items must be purchased from a sole supplier (Annex 2). Arguments should be filled in manually by professionals in accordance with the prescribed format.

　　(four) the competent budget unit shall strengthen the management of single source procurement in this department. For goods or services that meet the standard of public bidding amount, if it is planned to adopt the single-source procurement method, it should focus on examining whether the budget arrangement of the project is reasonable, whether it belongs to the circumstances stipulated in Article 31 of the Government Procurement Law and Article 27 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Government Procurement Law, and the necessity of adopting single-source procurement, and issue written examination opinions.

　　(5) Where the goods or services that meet the standard of open tender amount are intended to adopt a single-source method, the purchaser shall apply to the Provincial Department of Finance for approval and submit the following materials before the start of procurement activities and after reporting to the competent budget unit for approval:

　　1. Basic information such as the name of the purchaser, the name of the procurement project and the general situation of the project;

　　2 reasons for applying for single-source procurement;

　　3. For goods or services that meet the standard of open tender amount and intend to adopt the single-source procurement method, it is necessary to provide the minutes and records of the meeting of the unit’s "three majors and one big" matters;

　　4 written examination opinions of the competent budget unit;

　　5. Written opinions of the professionals involved in the demonstration, as well as the names, work units and titles of the professionals;

　　6 "Guangdong provincial government procurement network" single source procurement publicity;

　　7. The budget amount of the procurement project, the main basis and reasons for the budget amount of the project, the budget approval document or the proof of the source of funds.

　　Two, strictly approve the government procurement of imported products.

　　(1) A purchaser may purchase imported products under any of the following circumstances:

　　1. Not available in China or not available on reasonable commercial terms;

　　2. Purchasing for use outside China;

　　3. There are similar products in China, but they cannot meet the real demand, and it is really necessary to purchase imported products;

　　4. Provincial universities, scientific research institutes and the undertaking units that use provincial social science project funds to purchase scientific research instruments and equipment purchase scientific research instruments and equipment.

　　(II) According to the Notice on Improving the Procurement Management of Scientific Research Instruments and Equipment in Provincial Universities and Research Institutes (Yuecai Procurement [2017] No.3) and the Notice on the Procurement Management of Scientific Research Instruments and Equipment in Provincial Financial and Social Science Research Projects (Yuecai Procurement [2018] No.2), provincial universities, research institutes and undertaking units that use provincial social science project funds to purchase scientific research instruments and equipment shall implement the filing system.

　　(3) The purchaser shall, in accordance with the decision-making system of "three majors and one big thing", include the imported product items that the domestic similar products to be purchased really cannot meet the demand in the discussion and decision-making scope of the "three majors and one big thing" of the unit.

　　(4) Where the purchaser intends to purchase imported products, he shall invite experts to conduct professional argumentation before the procurement activities begin, and the experts shall objectively and independently put forward specific argumentation opinions. The expert group shall be composed of more than 5 people, including 1 legal expert, and the product technical expert shall be an expert familiar with the product. Demonstration experts can be selected by the purchaser himself, or randomly selected from the expert database of government procurement evaluation, and the demonstration experts should have no economic and administrative affiliation with the purchaser. The purchaser shall not participate in the demonstration as a member of the expert group.

　　(five) if the products to be purchased have domestic similar products, in principle, it is not allowed to purchase imported products. If it is really necessary to purchase imported products, the purchaser shall apply from the aspects of the necessity and irreplaceability of imported products, the substantial impact of purchasing domestic similar products on the work, etc. The argumentation experts shall objectively and independently demonstrate the reasons for the purchaser’s application, and the argumentation opinions shall be complete, clear and definite, and shall be filled in manually by the argumentation experts according to the prescribed format (see Annex 4 for details).

　　(six) the competent budget unit shall strengthen the management of imported products purchased by the government of this department. For the procurement items that the subordinate units intend to apply for purchasing imported products, they should focus on examining whether the imported products to be purchased exceed the standard, whether the procurement demand is reasonable, whether the domestic similar products meet the demand, the necessity of purchasing imported products, etc., and issue written examination opinions.

　　(VII) In addition to provincial universities, scientific research institutes and undertaking units that use provincial social science project funds to purchase scientific research instruments and equipment, the procurement unit shall submit a written application to the department in charge of approving imported products before the procurement activities, and submit the following materials:

　　1. Overview of procurement projects and list of imported products purchased by the government (Annex 3);

　　2. If it is planned to purchase imported products with domestic similar products that really cannot meet the demand, it is necessary to provide the minutes and records of the meeting of the unit’s "three majors and one big" matters;

　　3. Review opinions of the competent budget unit;

　　4. The main purpose, necessity and irreplaceability of applying for purchasing imported products, and the substantial impact of purchasing domestic similar products on work;

　　5. Comparison of domestic similar products and imported products;

　　6. Written opinions of experts participating in the demonstration, as well as the names, work units and titles of professionals;

　　7. Project budget amount, budget approval document or proof of fund source.

　　III. Standardize the management of the list of imported products of the department.

　　In order to deepen the decentralization of government procurement, we will continue to implement departmental import product list management at the provincial level.

　　(A) to develop the main body

　　The provincial competent budget unit shall formulate the list of imported products of the department in combination with the characteristics of the department’s procurement needs. The list is managed dynamically and is valid for one year. Within the validity period of the list, if the supplier raises any objection, the competent budget unit shall make dynamic adjustment in time.

　　(II) Mode of application

　　1. There are no imported products of the same kind in China.During the validity period of the list, the purchaser purchases the products in the list without repeating the organization of expert argumentation, and directly carries out procurement activities after filing with the Provincial Department of Finance.

　　2. There are imported products of similar products in China.Within the validity period of the list, the purchaser shall submit to the competent budget unit a description of the main purpose, necessity, irreplaceability, and the substantial impact of purchasing domestic similar products on the work, and carry out procurement activities after the approval of the competent budget unit and filing with the Provincial Department of Finance.

　　(3)Develop a program

　　1. collect products.The competent budget unit is responsible for collecting and summarizing the annual imported products of this department. Specifically, it includes the name and model of imported products, the policy basis for purchasing imported products and the necessity of purchasing imported products.

　　2. Expert argumentation.The expert group shall consist of an odd number of more than 5 people, including 1 legal expert, and the product technical expert shall be an expert familiar with the products in the list. The expert group shall focus on the necessity and irreplaceability of imported products, and the substantial impact of purchasing domestic similar products on the work, and make an objective and independent demonstration. The demonstration opinions shall be complete, clear and definite, and shall be filled in manually by the demonstration experts in accordance with the prescribed format (see Annex 4 for details).

　　3. publicity.The competent budget unit will publicize the demonstrated list on the "Guangdong Provincial Government Procurement Network", and the publicity period shall not be less than 10 working days. The publicity contents shall include but not limited to: the name and model of the imported products, the necessity and relevant explanations of the imported products, the specific argumentation opinions of the expert group on the imported products to be purchased, and the names, work units and titles of the expert group members, and the publicity period.

　　4. Objection handling.Any supplier, unit or individual who has any objection to the list may report it to the competent budget unit within the publicity period or the validity period. The competent budget unit shall organize experts to re-demonstrate, and if the objection is established, the product shall be deleted from the list.

　　5. filing.After the expiration of the publicity period, the competent budget unit shall report to the Provincial Department of Finance for the record and attach the following materials:

　　(1) the necessity of imported products and related explanations;

　　(2) the specific opinions of the experts involved in the demonstration, as well as the names, work units and professional titles of the experts;

　　(3) the publicity of the list of imported products and the handling of objections.

　　Fourth, strengthen the supervision and management of government procurement　

　　The purchaser shall, in accordance with the principle of "who purchases, who is responsible", seriously carry out market research and price calculation, implement relevant expenditure standards, and reasonably and scientifically determine the procurement demand. The competent budget department should strictly manage the change of single-source mode and the procurement of imported products, and establish and improve the internal management system of departmental government procurement. The Provincial Department of Finance will establish a smart cloud platform for government procurement integrating transaction and supervision, and comprehensively reflect the implementation of government procurement by all units by means of intelligent monitoring and big data early warning, and strengthen the supervision of government procurement by government procurement transparency evaluation, financial performance evaluation and government procurement agency evaluation.

　　Attachment:

　　　　　

　　　　　

　　　　　

Guangdong Provincial Finance Department　　

July 29, 2020

　　In the use of pure electric vehicles, battery problems have been bothering many consumers. The difficulty in installing charging piles, long charging time and battery decay all affect consumers’ daily experience. In order to solve these problems, the power exchange mode came into being. Especially under the impetus of the policy, this year’s electricity exchange market is more lively. Since the first power exchange station of Chang ‘an New Energy was completed in Chongqing in September this year, power exchange stations from Geely and Dongfeng have successively landed or appeared in Chongqing, Jinan, Wuhan and other cities, breaking the situation that Weilai and BAIC were "equally divided" in the previous power exchange market. However, it is worth noting that it is nothing new that the battery replacement mode has already appeared. Behind the current lively situation, the constraints of profitability and battery specifications faced by the battery replacement mode remain unresolved.

　　▼ Policy spring breeze wakes up the rivers and lakes.

　　As the name implies, changing electricity means centralized storage, centralized charging and unified distribution of a large number of batteries through centralized charging stations, and battery replacement service for electric vehicles in battery distribution stations. Compared with the ordinary charging mode, the battery replacement mode can solve a series of problems caused by the difficulty of charging new energy vehicles, battery attenuation and easy spontaneous combustion, and the vehicle-electric separation mode adopted in the battery replacement can also effectively reduce the first purchase cost. This obvious advantage attracted many people to try layout more than ten years ago.

　　Image source Better Place Weibo

　　In 2007, Israeli Xia Jiaxi founded the first operating company, Better Place, which aims at changing electricity for passenger cars. However, the mode of changing electricity needs to lay a large number of power stations as the foundation, which is undoubtedly a "bottomless pit" for burning money in the early stage of operation. In 2013, Better Place declared bankruptcy and liquidation because it was difficult to balance the investment and income of the business model. At the same time in China, Dongfeng, Zotye, Kangdi, Nanjing Automobile and other companies also put a number of operating vehicles in the mode of changing electricity into the market, but they also did not stir up a splash.

　　Now, many years later, with the continuous expansion of the scale of new energy vehicles in China, the problems of charging difficulty and battery attenuation of pure electric products are becoming more and more serious. In order to solve the battery-related problems, the spring breeze of national policy has blown to the power exchange mode. In April this year, the "Notice on Improving the Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles" jointly issued by the four ministries and commissions of the country clearly encouraged the development of the power exchange model; In May, after discussion and deliberation by delegates and members, the power exchange station was written into the government work report for the first time as an important part of the new infrastructure. Driven by the policy spring breeze, the domestic power exchange rivers and lakes are becoming more and more lively.

　　▼40 days, 3 car companies entered the game.

　　On September 10th, the first power exchange station of Chang ‘an New Energy was officially completed in Chongqing Olympic Sports Center. As a new heavyweight contestant after Weilai and BAIC, Chang ‘an New Energy Power Exchange Station has attracted great attention from the outside world. Generally speaking, the process of changing electricity mainly covers five steps: generating an order-entering the station-changing electricity-testing-leaving the station. Prior to this, the power exchange time announced by Weilai and BAIC remained at about 3 minutes, but the appearance of Chang ‘an New Energy Power Exchange Station refreshed this data. According to public information, Changan New Energy has reduced the time from battery taking to battery loading to 30 seconds, and the whole process from vehicle entering the station to battery replacement takes only 1 minute.

　　Geely Automobile also set a new record. A week after the completion of Chang ‘an New Energy Power Station, Geely Automobile’s first power station was officially unveiled at the 2020 Zhibo Fair and landed in Liangjiang New District, Chongqing. A month later, on October 18th, the second power station of Geely Automobile was put into operation in Jinan, Shandong. The data shows that Geely Power Station adopts a double-bin design, which can accommodate 39 battery packs, and can provide nearly 1000 power exchange services every day, and the power exchange time is about 90 s.

　　On October 19th, Dongfeng Motor’s intelligent power exchange station was also unveiled. At the 5th Science and Technology Innovation Week, after a Fengshen E70 (parameter | inquiry) drove into Dongfeng’s intelligent power exchange station, the vehicle was transported to the operation room by the conveyor and lifted, and the battery exchange robot automatically unloaded the old battery and installed the new battery. The whole process only took about 1 minute.

　　In just 40 days, the power exchange stations of the three major car companies have successively landed or appeared. Coupled with the paving of Weilai and BAIC, the prototype of the power exchange market has begun to appear. However, it is worth noting that even with the blessing of policies, the fundamental problem of the power exchange model-the contradiction between cost and profit-has not been solved.

　　▼ The contradiction between cost and profit is difficult to solve.

　　In the mode of power exchange, the separation of vehicle and electricity is an important link. Compared with ordinary pure electric vehicles, the battery cost of pure electric vehicles is no longer borne by consumers, and a series of risks such as battery attenuation are also transferred to the vehicle enterprises. These benefits enjoyed by consumers mean that car companies need to invest a lot of money in building power stations and buying batteries.

　　For example, Zhu Jiang, then vice president of Weilai Automobile, previously revealed that the daily operating cost of Weilai’s free power exchange was about 50,000 RMB. It has also been estimated by insiders that the average operating cost of each power station in Weilai is 400,000 yuan. From 2018 to now, Weilai Power Station has invested more than 500 million yuan. BAIC, which explored the power exchange market earlier, invested more. Wang Chunfeng, deputy general manager of BAIC Blue Valley Marketing Service Co., Ltd., said that in terms of power exchange station operation, the investment of a single power exchange station of BAIC New Energy is about 3 million yuan, but this figure is slowly declining.

　　Corresponding to the high cost is the uncertainty of profit prospects. At present, the power exchange in the market is mainly aimed at two groups, one is the private vehicles of ordinary consumers, and the other is the operating vehicles represented by taxis. Weilai, Beiqi New Energy, Chang ‘an, Geely and other enterprises have changed power stations, only Weilai’s power station is aimed at private users, while the latter three are mainly for taxis and network cars. In addition, in 2018, BAIC New Energy also released a battery-changing model called EU Quick Change Edition for ordinary consumers, but few people bought it.

　　In these two modes of operation, from 2018 to now, the number of power exchange orders for Weilai Power Station for private consumers has accumulated more than 1 million times. However, Weilai launched a lifetime free service for car owners, which means that the previous investment of 500 million yuan was a pure loss. Recently, however, Weilai has adjusted the policy of free power exchange: from October 12, 2020, users who pay big orders will be changed from unlimited power exchange to free power exchange for the first 6 times a month; Car owners who pay before October 12, 2020 still enjoy life-long unlimited free nationwide power exchange service. As for whether this adjustment can improve the profitability of the power station for Weilai, it still takes time to test.

　　As of June this year, 187 Beiqi new energy power stations for operating vehicles such as taxis have been built and put into operation in 19 cities across the country, with a total of 4.8 million power exchanges. However, in terms of profitability, BAIC New Energy and its partner Aodong in the field of power exchange have never been publicly disclosed. Aika Automobile found out from the announcement issued by BAIC Blue Valley (6.490, 0.04, 0.62%) when BAIC New Energy increased its capital for Aodong last year that the operating income of Aodong from January to April 2019 was 3,610,800 yuan and the net profit loss was 19,122,200 yuan. This means that among all the distribution power stations of AUTO, only a few power stations operating at full capacity have achieved profitability.

　　The picture shows the Aodong electric bar changing power station.

　　In addition to the difficulty in making profits, consumers have also encountered many difficulties in the process of using the power exchange service. "The pure electric taxi we drive can change electricity, but there are only thirty or forty power stations in Beijing. When we are running a sports car in the city, we often encounter the situation that the car has no electricity but the battery of the power station is not enough." Master Yang, a Beijing taxi driver, told Aika Automobile. It is understood that Master Yang’s "dissatisfaction with electricity" refers to the situation that the battery in the power station is not fully charged. Generally speaking, each power station will be equipped with thirty or forty batteries, but when the power exchange vehicle exceeds the upper limit of the power exchange station, the batteries of the power exchange station will be replaced by the power exchange vehicle before they are fully charged. When Aika Automobile met Master Yang at a power station in Haidian, there were already eight taxis waiting in line to change power.

　　▼ Scale is the key to breaking the game

　　"In order to optimize the power exchange experience and achieve profitability, it is not enough for enterprises to fight alone." Regarding the contradiction between high cost and profit prospect, and the "power shortage" encountered by Master Yang, an industry expert told Aika Automobile that the "power shortage" was mainly caused by the imperfect network layout of power exchange stations, and the imperfect layout of power exchange stations was caused by the excessive investment of a single power exchange station, which was difficult for enterprises to bear. Only by changing the number of power stations can the consumer experience be optimized and improved; Only when the number of electric vehicles increases, can we bring enough passengers to each power station, and the power station can achieve profitability. The two are complementary and interlocking. "

　　The losses of Weilai and Beiqi New Energy Power Station prove that enterprises only serve their own products to change electricity, and it is difficult to achieve profitability. At the same time, if every enterprise invests a lot of cost to lay the power station network, it will not only be difficult for enterprises, but also waste resources for the whole society. In the expert’s view, only when the car companies combine Lian Heng in power exchange and the overall market forms a scale effect can the problem be fundamentally solved.

　　Chang’ an’s mode of changing power stations is based on this idea. Aika Automobile understands that by joining hands with partners such as Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Aodong, State Grid and Iron Tower, Chang ‘an New Energy Power Exchange Station can support the power exchange services of seven major automobile companies such as BAIC, GAC, SAIC, FAW Hongqi, Pentium, Dongfeng Qichen, Chang ‘an and Jianghuai, which means that the power exchange station will have higher turnover rate and profitability.

　　But for the whole market, this model also means a new round of competition for the right to speak. "If you want to realize the universal interchangeability of batteries in many enterprises, you must formulate a unified battery specification. Whoever formulates this specification will occupy a dominant position in the new round of power exchange market. " The expert said, "If you want to continue to develop the power exchange mode, more and more car companies will cooperate, and the standard dispute of pure electric batteries will soon appear. At the same time, this debate is not limited to car companies, and charging operators are also important players in the power exchange market. Whether this standard is customized by car companies or formulated by charging operators also determines the right to speak in the battery field. "

　　In fact, despite the warmth of policy spring breeze, there are still a lot of problems for car companies to promote the development of power exchange mode. In addition to a large amount of capital investment, the cooperation between enterprises at the same level, the unification of battery specifications, the acceptance of consumers and the future dispute over the right to speak are all issues that need to be considered.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress: "Promote the optimization and upgrading of goods trade, innovate the development mechanism of service trade, develop digital trade, and accelerate the construction of a trade power." With the development of global economic integration, the penetration of digital technology into trade, the rise of developing countries and the popularization of high-standard international economic and trade rules, international trade has shown a new trend of generalization, digitalization, greening, integration, service, re-globalization and security. Standing at the new starting point of the development of human society in the digital age and facing the new goal of building a socialist modern power in an all-round way, the construction of a trade power should fully understand and grasp the general trend of international trade development, make precise policies on the new track of international trade competition, and strive to enhance the innovation, competitiveness, radiation, influence and security of China’s trade.

　　First, grasp the general trend of universal development of international trade subjects, optimize the business environment of enterprises, and establish a cooperation platform for large, medium and small enterprises

　　In recent years, with the deepening of the division of global value chain and the penetration of digital technology into trade, small and medium-sized enterprises have entered the international market by participating in the division of global value chain and cross-border electronic commerce, becoming a new force in international trade, and the main body of international trade has shown a new trend of universal development.

　　An important symbol of a trading power is that trade has great radiation and influence on economic growth, people’s well-being and employment. The participation of small and medium-sized enterprises in cross-border electronic commerce and global value chains is conducive to meeting diversified international demands, encouraging enterprises to innovate, improving enterprise productivity and income, expanding employment and achieving inclusive growth. At present, private enterprises have accounted for half of China’s foreign trade import and export. In 2022, private enterprises accounted for 50.9% of the total import and export value and contributed 80.8% to foreign trade growth. Grasping the general trend of general development of trade subjects and enhancing the radiation and influence of China’s foreign trade, we should optimize the business environment of enterprises, fully implement the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Development and Growth of Private Economy, optimize the development environment of private economy, increase policy support for private economy, accelerate the cultivation of foreign trade business subjects, and strive to promote the high-quality development of private economy; It is necessary to establish a cooperation platform for large, medium and small enterprises, provide a public trading platform, an innovation platform and an industrial chain and supply chain cooperation platform for small and medium enterprises, enhance the digitalization, innovation and management capabilities of small and medium enterprises, promote small and medium enterprises to expand direct exports through cross-border e-commerce, and drive small and medium enterprises to participate in the global value chain by providing intermediate products for large enterprises, expand indirect exports and create jobs; It is necessary to strengthen international cooperation, attach great importance to SME clauses in bilateral, regional and cross-regional trade negotiations, reduce non-tariff barriers affecting the export of SMEs, and promote international cooperation and market development of SMEs.

　　Second, grasp the digital and green development trend of international trade objects, deepen international trade innovation, and promote the digital and green transformation of trade.

　　Digital technology has changed the trade object, trade mode and trade scale, purchased products and services by digital ordering and digital delivery, and promoted the development of digital trade. Since 2005, the export of digital delivery services has more than tripled, far exceeding the growth rate of trade in goods and other services. In 2019, global e-commerce sales jumped to 26.7 trillion US dollars, equivalent to 30% of the global GDP. At the same time, the higher greenhouse gas emissions caused by the production, transportation, distribution and consumption of traded products have spawned new low-carbon trade regulations such as carbon tariffs, carbon labels, carbon certification and carbon footprints, and also promoted the development of green trade with environmental products and services as trading objects. According to World Trade Organization data, as of 2018, carbon dioxide emissions related to international exports of goods and services accounted for 30% of global carbon emissions. Countries seize the new track of digital economy development, meet the new challenges of climate change, and promote sustainable economic development. Digitalization and greening of international trade objects have become the new trend of international trade development in the future.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that in today’s era, digital technology and digital economy are the opportunities for the world’s scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and they are the key areas of a new round of international competition. We must seize the opportunities and seize the commanding heights of future development. Innovation is the key to building a powerful trading country, and innovation determines the competitiveness and influence of international trade. To occupy the commanding heights of international trade competition in the future, China should focus on deepening international trade innovation. To reshape the digital supply chain as the core and promote the digital transformation of trade, we should formulate trade and investment policies aimed at promoting technological innovation of enterprises and cultivate innovative subjects; Around the establishment of a new digital supply chain ecosystem, promote the digital transformation of traditional foreign trade enterprises and service enterprises; Use digital tools to promote the innovation of supervision mode, establish a digital public service platform through internet plus’s supervision, promote cross-departmental, cross-level and cross-regional collaborative supervision, and form a multi-governance system with the participation of government, platform, enterprises, industry organizations and the public. We should improve the green trade system, accelerate the green transformation, coordinate technology policy, trade policy, investment policy, environmental policy and ecological security policy, establish a green trade statistics system, a green low-carbon trade standard and certification system, and an ecological environment risk prevention mechanism to improve the green trade system; Reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers to environmental products and services and expand imports of environmental technologies and services. Strengthen international cooperation and actively participate in the negotiation of global digital trade and green trade rules. As a big digital trade country, China should strengthen multi-level international cooperation and benchmark the new rules of the World Trade Organization.Timely revision and improvement of laws that adapt to the development of digital economy and society; Accelerate the negotiation of the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement, and expand international cooperation in the digital economy under the framework of regional and cross-regional trade agreements. As a big green trade country, China should actively set issues in multilateral trade negotiations and actively participate in the formulation of international rules, standards and management of green trade; Give priority to the inclusion of environmental provisions in bilateral and regional trade and investment negotiations and reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers; Create a professional platform for international cooperation in green trade development and promote international transactions in green technologies, products and services.

　　Third, grasp the general trend of service-oriented development of international trade structure, promote industrial integration and development, and enhance international competitiveness with digital empowerment and high-level opening up.

　　For a long time, the proportion of service trade in international trade has remained above 20%. In recent years, the development of digital technology has broken through the restriction of non-tradable services. With the liberalization of global service trade, the growth rate of service trade exceeds that of goods trade. The World Trade Organization predicts that according to the traditional trade statistics, the proportion of service trade in international trade will increase from 18% in 1995 to 25% in 2030, and it may reach 30% in 2040. According to the added value statistics, the added value of services in international trade in goods and services accounts for nearly half. Service-oriented international trade structure will become the general trend of trade development.

　　The essence of a trading power is that the industry has strong international competitiveness. Service industry and service trade are the shortcomings of China’s economic development. In 2022, service trade accounted for 12.3% of China’s total foreign trade, far below the world average (21.1%). The service trade has a long-term deficit, and the international competitiveness of most industries is weak. The management system and mechanism of service trade need to be improved urgently, which has become an obstacle to the construction of a strong trading country. To enhance the international competitiveness of China’s service trade, we should strengthen the new understanding of service value-added, promote the integrated development of service trade with modern service industry, high-end manufacturing industry and modern agriculture, accelerate the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and enhance trade income; It is necessary to expand the service industry’s opening to the outside world, seize the development opportunity of global service trade liberalization, steadily expand the institutional opening to international economic and trade rules, improve the negative list management system of cross-border service trade, expand the opening to the outside world of telecommunications, tourism, law, vocational examinations and other service fields, and attract high-end service elements to gather in China; It is necessary to promote digital transformation, seize the new opportunity of service tradeability brought by digital globalization, accelerate the transformation of production relations adapted to the development of digital technology, promote institutional innovation around digital transformation, establish and improve the legal system, facilitation system and supervision system to promote the development of service trade, accelerate the cultivation of new digital kinetic energy of service trade, and realize the leap-forward development of service trade.

　　Fourth, grasp the general trend of the re-globalization of the international trade market structure, build the "Belt and Road" with high quality, and build a global development community.

　　After World War II, developed countries dominated the international market for a long time with their unique technological advantages, industrial advantages and monopoly advantages. Since the 1980s, developing countries, represented by China, have risen in groups. The proportion of developing economies in world output has increased from 24% to over 40%, from less than 1/3 to nearly 1/2 of the total trade in goods, and from 1/4 to 1/3 of the total trade in services. In the past decade, the contribution rate of BRICS countries to world economic growth has exceeded 50%, making it an important engine of world economic growth. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that in today’s world, people of all countries are a community of shared destiny, and markets, funds, resources, information and talents are highly globalized. Only when the world develops can countries develop; Only when countries develop can the world develop. At present, the BRICS countries have expanded from five to eleven countries, and the African Union has joined the G20 to build the Belt and Road Initiative for ten years, which has attracted more than three-quarters of countries and 32 international organizations. The group rise of developing countries will continue to be a force to promote world economic growth. The World Trade Organization predicts that by 2040, the share of developing countries in service trade will increase from 35% to nearly 40%, and its share in total trade will exceed 50%. Unilateralism, hegemonism and protectionism cannot stop the trend of globalization, and the re-globalization of the international trade market structure is unstoppable.

　　An important symbol of a trading power is that a country’s trade has great radiation and influence on world economic growth, sustainable development and employment. Grasp the general trend of the re-globalization of the international trade market structure, build a global development community, and enhance the radiation and influence of China’s trade. We should speed up the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, practice global development initiatives, focus on key areas such as green development, new industrialization, and digital economy, strengthen cooperation in poverty alleviation, education, and health, build a global development community, and create a development pattern of balanced benefits, coordination, tolerance, win-win cooperation, and common prosperity; It is necessary to jointly build the "Belt and Road" with high quality, aim at high standards, sustainability and benefiting people’s lives, adhere to the direction of high-quality and high-standard cooperation, and take poverty alleviation, food security, education and health, development financing, green development, industrialization, digital economy and interconnection as key areas of cooperation, so that developing countries can better integrate into the international division of labor, share the fruits of economic globalization, and strive to achieve a higher level of cooperation and higher input efficiency. It is necessary to strengthen South-South cooperation, give full play to the role of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, an important platform for South-South cooperation, implement the outcome of the 2023 China-Africa Leaders’ Dialogue, practice the Initiative of Supporting Africa’s Industrialization, steadily implement the China Plan for Helping Africa’s Agricultural Modernization and the China-Africa Cooperation Plan for Talent Training, promote Africa’s integration and modernization, and realize the common prosperity and sustainable development of the Chinese and African people.

　　5. Grasp the general trend of universal development of high-standard international economic and trade rules, and comprehensively deepen reform and expand opening up to high-standard international economic and trade rules.

　　Regional and cross-regional negotiations such as the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement, the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement have reconstructed high-standard international economic and trade rules, triggering the domestication of international economic and trade rules; The negative list management of service trade has entered the trans-regional partnership agreements such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement from the regional trade agreement of the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement, which has led to the trans-regional economic and trade rules. The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement is by far the largest free trade agreement in the world, with its total population, economic scale and total trade volume accounting for 1/3 of the global total. The Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement involves a population of more than 500 million. After Britain’s accession, the trade scale exceeds that of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, affecting Eurasia, and the trend of universality of high-standard international economic and trade rules is taking shape.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that we should focus on promoting high-level opening to the outside world, continue to comprehensively deepen reform, and steadily expand institutional opening such as rules, regulations, management and standards. International economic and trade rules determine the content and scale of trade, the competitiveness, radiation and influence of trade and the future of trade. In order to conform to the general trend of the universality of contemporary high-standard international economic and trade rules and enhance the competitiveness, radiation and influence of China’s foreign trade, it is necessary to raise the standard international economic and trade rules, promote reform by opening up to the outside world, seize the development opportunity of domestication of international economic and trade rules, deepen reform in an all-round way, and give play to the driving force of trade on domestic economic reform, the traction of economic growth and the radiation of sustainable development; We should participate in the negotiation of high-standard international economic and trade rules, promote cooperation through openness, enhance the international competitiveness of China’s foreign trade in a wider range, in a wider field and in a deeper level of international cooperation, give play to the traction of China’s economy on the world economy in the linkage with the global economy, and enhance the radiation and influence of China’s foreign trade.

　　Six, grasp the development trend of international trade environment security, strengthen international cooperation, establish and improve the international trade security system.

　　The impact of external shocks such as Sino-US trade friction, COVID-19 epidemic and Ukrainian crisis on international trade has aroused great concern of the international community on trade security. In order to maintain the global hegemonic position and ensure economic security, the United States, based on western democratic values, forced the implementation of friendly shore outsourcing, offshore outsourcing, decoupling and breaking the chain, and reshaped the global value chain; The European Commission issued the European Economic Security Strategy, and formulated a policy framework to safeguard the EU’s economic security, to guard against supply chain and energy security risks, key infrastructure and network security risks, and technology leakage risks. Japan adopted the Law on Promoting Economic Security to strengthen the security of key products and important materials supply chain and strengthen the review of key infrastructure. Industrial chain supply chain security, data security, food security, energy security, science and technology security, financial security, biological security, the unprecedented changes in a hundred years have accelerated the evolution of the new trade environment, ensuring trade security has become the general trend of global trade development.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that we should make overall plans for development and security, pay equal attention to development and security, and realize the benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security. Trade security is the foundation and premise of building a strong trading country, and a strong trading country must first be safe. To cope with the changes in the external trade security environment and comprehensively enhance the security of China’s foreign trade, we must accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, realize the security and controllability of key industries, infrastructure, strategic resources, major science and technology, and firmly grasp the strategic initiative of coordinating national development and security in our own hands; It is necessary to improve the international trade security system, strengthen the trade security risk early warning, prevention and control mechanism and capacity building, improve the modern export control system, industrial injury early warning system and foreign investment national security review system, strengthen the protection of overseas interests and risk early warning, safe and efficient trade risk management, and establish a trade security governance system with supply chain security as the core; It is necessary to strengthen international cooperation, give full play to the important role of international trade in maintaining peace and security, safeguard the authority of the rules-based multilateral trading system, strengthen regional and cross-regional cooperation, resist the risks that may be brought about by trade concentration through trade diversification, and promote world peace and development through open cooperation and interconnection.

　　(Author: national academy of economic strategy researcher)

　　Editor in charge: Sun Jian

On the 25 th, the number of citizens who went to the fever clinic of Hankou Hospital for treatment and examination was greatly reduced compared with the previous days. The number of people waiting in line was small and orderly. Changjiang Daily reporter Ke Aesthetics photo

　　On January 23, Wuhan announced that the city’s urban buses, subways, ships and long-distance passenger transport were suspended;

　　On January 25, Wuhan City closed the river-crossing tunnel, and carried out temperature detection and control on the traffic of the river-crossing bridges in the Third Ring Road and within the Third Ring Road;

　　… …

　　All these initiatives point to one key word: isolation. Avoid cross-infection through isolation and avoid the spread of the epidemic.

　　However, in this extraordinary period, many citizens went to the hospital because of panic and headache, and the fever clinic was full of people. Fortunately, on the 25th, after Wuhan implemented the city-wide investigation of fever patients and classified arrangements for fever patients, the fever clinics in some hospitals finally began to "cool down". However, are you relieved when you get home? In the face of the epidemic, will home isolation work? On the 25th, experts who fought in the front line and patients who experienced it all advised that common flu may cross-infect when they get together and run to the hospital.

　　Running to the hospital when you have a fever may be infected in a muddle.

　　It is understood that last year, the number of influenza patients diagnosed in Wuhan in January and February alone exceeded 50,000, and the number of common cold patients exceeded 100,000. This year, there is a global influenza outbreak, and there are more patients with common cold and flu.

　　Attending surgeon Sheng Shi, a vascular specialist in the Union Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, believes that the current disease is one point, while the panic is ten. He has to rumor on WeChat more than 20 times a day. "If you have a fever and are uncomfortable, it doesn’t mean that you are infected with new pneumonia."

　　"Every time I have a fever, do I go to the hospital?" Sheng Shi asked questions to netizens on the Internet in the name of a doctor. After all, such people are definitely a minority.

　　Wrapped in panic, what happened in the fever clinic is probably to take your temperature, and there are 100 people waiting in line in front; Check a blood, look at the number of lymphocytes and white blood cells, and there are another 100 people; Do a CT scan to see if there is ground-glass degeneration in both lungs, and there are another hundred people … … In this process, it is likely that you will really be infected in a daze. Sheng Shi appealed that if you don’t feel uncomfortable, just rest at home honestly and stop panicking for medical treatment.

　　"Under the age of 40, patients with new pneumonia who have no high fever (> 38.5 degrees) or active dyspnea can be completely isolated at home without panic!" On the afternoon of 25th, when Changjiang Daily reporter contacted Du Ronghui, the leader of the expert group on prevention and treatment of new pneumonia in pulmonary hospital, her attitude was very clear.

　　Dr. Du Ronghui said that at present, severe patients with new pneumonia are concentrated in elderly patients over 65 years old with diabetes and basic diseases such as kidney, liver, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Their condition develops rapidly and often develops into severe cases within one or two days. Therefore, these patients should go to the fever clinic for medical treatment as soon as they have symptoms.

　　Suspected patients are isolated at home for ten days, and the situation is getting better.

　　"Oh, Lao Liu, who played cards together, had a fever. He should have been infected by another colleague named Wang." On the evening of January 13th, the mother mentioned this in her phone call, and Ms. Huang (pseudonym) who lives in Panlongcheng still felt lucky.

　　On 14th, Lao Liu was hospitalized with a high fever of 39℃, and Huang Mu also felt uncomfortable. Until 16th, Huang Mu’s body temperature reached 37.8℃.

　　Since 17th, the situation has become serious. Huang Mu has been drinking water, but her mouth is still dry. She has a persistent high fever, poor appetite and insomnia for several days. The next day, Huang Mu had a CT scan of her lungs, showing the shadow of "ground glass" on both lungs. She was suspected of new pneumonia and needed to be hospitalized, but there was no bed. Ms. Huang accompanied her mother to several hospitals, all of which were overcrowded.

　　In order to save herself, Ms. Huang consulted a doctor through her relationship. The doctor comforted her. At present, the treatment of this disease mainly depends on self-resistance. Home treatment is not necessarily a bad thing. The environment and food are better. There are many critically ill patients in the hospital, which increases the risk of cross-infection.

　　Ms. Huang’s heart is a lot more solid. Since the status quo is already so, it is better to rest and nourish at home with peace of mind. After coming back from the hospital, Huang mother washed her hair, bathed and washed clothes, and cleaned up the hygiene inside and out. After such a busy time, she actually felt a lot lighter. To help her mother sleep, Ms. Huang also let her take sleeping pills. With the improvement of sleep quality, Huang Mu’s appetite has gradually recovered. Although she is still closely observing, she is getting better every day. From the emotional collapse due to not being admitted to the hospital, Ms. Huang now believes that sleep and nutrition are very important, and we must strengthen our own resistance; More importantly, we must pay attention to isolation from our families and avoid cross-infection.

　　Home isolation is to help patients clarify the steps of seeing a doctor

　　Home isolation does not mean no treatment, but triage through port moving forward, which helps patients to clarify the steps of medical treatment and avoid cross-infection so that the epidemic will not spread.

　　Zhao Su, chairman of the Respiratory Branch of Wuhan Medical Association, winner of the China Doctor Award and chief physician of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of central hospital of wuhan, worked in the SARS isolation ward for 36 days during the SARS period in 2003. With the outbreak of new pneumonia, he has been on the front line, wearing protective clothing every day to go to the isolation ward for rounds of consultation, and he also participated in the formulation of technical specifications for community prevention and treatment of new pneumonia in Wuhan as an expert.

　　Zhao Su introduced that fever is a symptom of many diseases. Just starting to have a fever, don’t panic. Observe at home for a day or two. Some slight fever may be a cold, temperature fluctuation, and some may be caused by tension, so it needs to be observed. First go to the community for fever screening. It is understood that in the technical operation specifications for community hospitals, patients with fever are required to be screened first: patients with body temperature over 37.5℃ and fever for more than two days without flu-like symptoms (stuffy nose, runny nose and sneezing) should be sent to the fever clinic for further screening.

　　"Community screening can find patients early and reduce cross-infection caused by patients rushing to fever clinics." Director Zhao Su said that those who need to be hospitalized do not need to be hospitalized for minor illnesses or go back to community concentration points for isolation treatment or home isolation treatment.

　　Taking good care of your health will definitely overcome the new pneumonia.

　　On January 19th, Zhou Ning, deputy chief physician and associate professor of the Department of Cardiology, tongji hospital, affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, underwent an operation, and successively developed dizziness, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, chills and other symptoms. His temperature was 38.9℃, and he was suspected to be infected. On the 21st, Zhou Ning cut off all close contact with his parents that day. Wear a mask when sleeping, close the door and monitor your body temperature … … By the 24th, the body temperature was 36.8℃ and returned to normal.

　　Zhou Ning’s self-reported experience has more than 11 million readings on the Internet. Many people question whether the new pneumonia has been included in Class B infectious diseases, Class A management, home isolation treatment or hospitalization. On the 25th, Zhou Ning said in an interview with Changjiang Daily that home isolation, whether it is diet or accommodation, is better than hospital. As long as we eliminate fear and remain optimistic, it will be very helpful to reshape our immune system.

　　Viral infections are self-limited. As long as they don’t induce substantial organ damage, such as viral pneumonia, they can be defeated by keeping healthy and waiting for their own immune system to grow and counterattack.

　　The epidemic situation is fierce, and rushing to the hospital blindly will not only increase the risk of cross-infection, but also make it unlikely to be admitted to hospital. Because the current beds are mainly for patients who are diagnosed or seriously ill.

　　According to the emergency guidelines previously issued by the World Health Organization, when hospitalization conditions are not allowed or safe and medical resources are insufficient, alternative isolation methods including home isolation should be considered for mild patients suspected of infection.

　　At the same time, Zhou Ning believes that home isolation has put forward higher requirements for community management and self-supervision. For infectious diseases, even mild ones are contagious. On the day he found symptoms, he entered the house wearing a mask and kept a safe distance of one meter from others.

　　Changjiang Daily reporter Tian Qiaoping Wang Kaining Wu Ye Wu Wei Su Jinni correspondent Wang Min