Seminar ︱ Song Yun and Zhejiang Studies： Paying attention to Zhejiang’s regional thought and remolding the various aspects of Song Xuewen.

At the seminar, Bao Bide, a professor in the Department of East Asian Language Civilization at Harvard University in the United States, gave a report entitled "History of Local Thought and Digital Humanities". He first explained "what is digital humanities": first, it is to use the method of computer science to study in humanities; The second is to develop some platforms and tools to conduct digital research on the research subjects; Thirdly, the research object is the digital humanities research subject which is different from the traditional research subject. He further pointed out that the current information acquisition, duplicate checking, scientific analysis and introduction are very different from before, and the application of digital humanities is also reflected in the study of classical culture in China, such as some academic map publishing platforms, which are undoubtedly very important platforms for digital humanities work. In addition, with the help of text data, geographical environment, character activities and other information system means, he comprehensively discussed the status and ideological characteristics of Zhejiang local academic thinkers in the Song, Yuan and Wuzhou academic history from different angles such as family, friends, politics and literature. For example, Lv Zuqian, one of the three sages in Southeast Asia, and Hu Yinglin’s family and friends network in Lanxi in the middle and late Ming Dynasty are very representative. Through the method of big data analysis, it can be found that the interpersonal social networks of Lu and Hu are very regional, that is, concentrated in Wuzhou (Jinhua), which shows the locality of thinkers since the Southern Song Dynasty, represented by Taoism. At the same time, when thinking about problems or writing articles, the local elite’s preference for local cultural history and inheritance of previous scholars’ traditions also highlight their growing local consciousness.Similar local consciousness is not only based on the natural or administrative geographical network, but also reflects the ideological locality of local scholars. Bao Bide emphasized that the evolution of the history of local thought reflects the local consciousness and the problem consciousness of local tradition, and also enriches the connotation and extension of the study of Zhejiang people’s thoughts in the Song Dynasty.

Professor Bao Bide and Cao Jiaqi, Professor of History Department of Sun Yat-sen University and Vice President of China Song History Research Association, gave a report entitled Daily Administration of Taizhou in Northern Song Dynasty as Written by Japanese Monk Chengxun. He started with a concentrated account of Taizhou’s records in The Story of Wutai Mountain, which was written by Cheng Xun, a Japanese monk who entered Taiwan in the Song Dynasty, and carefully combed the records of kokuseiji and other Buddhist cultural and historical events involved in it, and the events surrounding his trip to Beijing. The negotiation and correspondence with kokuseiji, Tiantai County and Taizhou, as well as the whole process of handling the affairs between Taizhou, Tiantai County, kokuseiji and Hangzhou about Chengxun’s participation in Tiantai Mountain and going to Beijing. Cao Jiaqi pointed out that The Story of Wutai Mountain shows the official structure, the actual operation of daily administration and the local political and social situation in Taizhou in the Northern Song Dynasty. The book provides valuable historical materials and presents vivid research topics for the study of Taizhou local society and culture in the Northern Song Dynasty. First, in administrative affairs such as reception, there are many institutions and officials involved in the central and local governments at the same time, and documents are completely used as administrative operation means, which fully embodies the characteristics of meticulous division of labor, mutual cooperation and restraint of many institutions in the political system of the Song Dynasty, and strict compliance with administrative rules. Secondly, unlike the previous impression that the administrative agencies in the Song Dynasty were redundant and inefficient, Taizhou and other local governments and departments in Beijing were in the process of reception.It shows high administrative efficiency and good operation order, which urges us to reconsider and understand the administrative system in Song Dynasty. At the same time, it should be the common understanding and habit of all administrative agencies and officials at that time to follow the rules and pursue efficiency, but expediency and flexibility are also inevitable and commonplace in reality, and this should be the daily order and actual situation of administrative operation at that time. Cao Jiaqi pointed out that the problems reflected by the above phenomena provided inspiration and possibility for studying new methods of local administration in Song Dynasty.

The report of Professor Cao Jiaqi, Professor of osaka city university Literature Studies and President of Japanese Song Dynasty History Research Association, Maoshu Hirata, is entitled "Towards the Remodeling of the Political Face of Song Dynasty". He first pointed out the importance of "remolding the political face of the Song Dynasty" from the perspective of "the theory of transformation in the Tang and Song Dynasties" and the new theory of criticizing it. Then, it introduces the new vision of the international political history of the Song Dynasty, and analyzes the multiple structures of the Song Dynasty politics from the three perspectives of political science-international politics, macro politics and micro politics, combined with historical facts. From the perspective of "international politics", on the one hand, the study of politics in the Song Dynasty analyzed the international order at that time based on the alliance of Chanyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Shaoxing Peace Conference in the Southern Song Dynasty, on the other hand, it promoted the discussion about the replacement of the canonization system before the Tang Dynasty by the economic system, that is, the trade company and the mutual market system. From the perspective of "macro-politics", the political system of the Song Dynasty began to transition from "Kaifeng system" to "Hangzhou system", and the social mobility also changed from the centralized Northern Song Dynasty to the multi-point and decentralized Southern Song Dynasty. From the perspective of "micro-politics", the study focuses on the analysis of political groups, analyzing the similarities and differences of their political lines and the strength and attribution of political forces. The remolding of political phases in Song Dynasty may be regarded as a task to ask "what is politics" again. Referring to the method of harold lasswell’s Politics: Dynamic Analysis, this paper turns politics into the composition of various relations such as concrete subject, time, space and means, and examines it from the perspective of structure. Projecting this problem consciousness into the political research in Song Dynasty,That is to say, it gives birth to the possibility of studying new methods in the fields of peripheral history, regional history and grass-roots social history of the Song Dynasty. One is the topic of "center" and "periphery". In view of the reflection that has focused too much on "center" so far, there has been a research promotion dedicated to understanding the "peripheral" society. The second is to clarify the analysis of "grass-roots society", especially its actual political operation. Finally, Maoshu Hirata pointed out that it is a worthwhile direction to analyze and clarify the time, space, network, culture and other phenomena of people’s life in the Song Dynasty, and then reshape all aspects of politics in the Song Dynasty.

Professor Maoshu Hirata Gong Yanming, a professor at the Institute of Ancient Books of Zhejiang University, gave a report entitled "The Main Creative Group of Huangyan Song Yun Culture-Scholars", focusing on the elite group of scholars who created Huangyan Song Yun culture. He used the method of big data analysis of imperial examination figures to comprehensively display the biographical data of all the Jinshi groups in Huangyan in the Song Dynasty, and based on this, analyzed the group characteristics and significance of creating Huangyan Song Yun culture. Song Dynasty was a prosperous era of imperial examinations, and the society in Song Dynasty was also called "Imperial Examination Society". Driven by the imperial examination policy, education, culture and economy have developed unprecedentedly. Although Huangyan, Taizhou is not as developed as Hangjiahu area, from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, the elements of Song rhyme culture are also everywhere. The group that created Huangyan Song Yun culture is the Jinshi who climbed the dragon gate through hard work. Huangyan Jinshi elite has the following characteristics. First, since the first scholar admitted to the imperial examinations in the third year of Xianping, North Song Zhenzong (in 1000), due to the excellent family style and family education, Huangyan experienced the grand occasion of brothers joining the imperial examinations and three brothers joining the imperial examinations. Secondly, the feelings of home and country of Huang Yan’s imperial officials in Song Dynasty are also a spiritual trait of his Song rhyme culture. For example, at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Dai Shunqin, a scholar who was given the first place because of his extreme remarks about political corruption. Thirdly, after the Northern Song Dynasty imperial court moved southward, a large number of high-quality scholar-officials in the northern Central Plains moved southward to Zhejiang, and Huangyan climbed the first Jinshi successively, jumping from only two in the Northern Song Dynasty to 147, and martial arts also flourished. And in the later period, the frequency of graduation became more and more huge, such as the Wen Tianxiang list in the fourth year of Baoyu (1256), with a total of 8 people, until the first year of Emperor Xianchun (1265).There are 18 people on the Ruan Wenbing list, which greatly promoted the cultural education and economic development in Huangyan and Taizhou, and became an obvious example of the cultural center moving southward, especially for the children of imperial clan. Fourthly, on the basis of the rapid increase in the number of students enrolled in science, a group of local officials and scholars, such as Du Fan, a famous figure in the Southern Song Dynasty, has gradually formed. From the above analysis, we can see that the characteristics of Jinshi group vividly reflect the changes of regional upper-class culture and the characteristics of social mobility. It can be seen that Song Yun culture needs to be explored from the humanistic history of rural countries, looking back at the glory of history and drawing confident humanistic ideas of Zhejiang Song Yun culture from history.

Professor Gong Yanming and South Korean dongguk university Professor Park Yong-hwan overlooked Zhejiang from the perspective of East Asia, and made a keynote report entitled "Pluralism, Transcendence and Dissemination: the Treasure House of East Asian Thought-Zhejiang Studies", analyzing Zhejiang Studies from the perspective of regional dissemination of East Asian thoughts. He said that Zhejiang is a valuable hot spot for China’s thoughts, and its thoughts of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism constantly surpass the opinions of predecessors on the basis of pluralism. It can be said that Zhejiang is also a treasure house of East Asian thoughts. Among them, Yongjia School is a leading school in the Eastern Zhejiang School in the Southern Song Dynasty, which advocates the learning of deeds and emphasizes utilitarianism, "harmony between benefits and righteousness, not suppression of benefits by righteousness", and believes that the existence of righteousness can not be divorced from utility, nor can it suppress the interests of the will by righteousness, so they emphasize the consistency of righteousness and benefits. This concept is the most important thinking of Yongjia school, which transcends the traditional Confucian concept and can also be said to surpass the concepts of various schools of thought. The advance of Yongjia School is inseparable from the open economic and social environment in Song Dynasty. They deconstructed the traditional concept of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce", emphasizing the integration of agriculture and commerce, the combination of agriculture and commerce, and the equal emphasis on justice and benefit. In order to enrich Qiang Bing, they attached great importance to commerce. Finally, Park Yong-hwan pointed out that in addition to Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism have had frequent virtues and numerous temples and ancestral halls since the Middle Ages. In the process of the integration and development of the three religions, Zhejiang’s thought of Zhejiang studies has given birth to the unique characteristics of integrating Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. This diversified ideological system of Zhejiang studies has a strong radiation force on the ideology and culture of Japan, South Korea and other East Asian regions.

Professor Park Yong-hwan (Xue Rui also contributed to this article) (This article is from The Paper, please download the "The Paper" APP for more original information).