How to manage the production of soybean and corn compound planting, authoritative technical guidance is coming!
Reporter Yang Lu
This year is the first year to promote soybean and corn strip compound planting in Shandong Province. Recently, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Shandong Province issued the "Technical Plan for the Production and Management of Soybean and Corn Strip Compound Planting in 2022" (hereinafter referred to as the plan). This plan is to guide all localities to complete the high-quality compound planting task of corn and soybean strip, and realize the goal of "basically not reducing corn production and harvesting more beans in one season".
The strip compound planting technology of corn and soybean was clearly put forward in the No.1 document of the Central Committee this year, and this year the national key demonstration and promotion project is to stabilize grain and expand oil. This technology can realize the harmonious symbiosis of soybean and corn on the same land and double harvest in one season. This year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs promoted the corn-soybean compound planting pattern of more than 15 million mu in 16 provinces across the country.
Standardized sowing
Sowing is the key of soybean and corn strip compound planting, and it is the basis of increasing production and increasing efficiency of compound planting. We should take "improving the sowing quality and ensuring the whole seedling in one sowing" as the main direction, and earnestly implement key technical measures such as mode selection, variety selection, seed treatment, sowing with suitable soil moisture and sowing with seeds and fertilizers.
Select the appropriate mode. All localities should scientifically choose suitable planting patterns in light of actual production.
4: 2 mode. 4 rows of soybean belts and 2 rows of corn belts were planted together. The bandwidth is 290 cm, in which the soybean row spacing is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 10 cm, and more than 9200 seeds are sown per mu; The row spacing of corn is 40 cm, the spacing between plants is 10 cm, and more than 4600 seeds are sown per mu. The distance between soybean belt and corn belt is 65 cm.
4: 3 mode. The compound planting of 4 rows of soybean belts and 3 rows of corn belts was implemented. The bandwidth is 350 cm, in which the soybean row spacing is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 10 cm, and more than 7600 seeds are sown per mu; The row spacing of corn is 50 cm, the spacing between rows and plants is 12 cm, the spacing between rows and plants is 15 cm, and more than 4400 seeds are sown per mu. The distance between soybean belt and corn belt is 65 cm.
6: 3 mode. The compound planting of 6 rows of soybean belts and 3 rows of corn belts was implemented. The bandwidth is 455 cm, in which the soybean row spacing is 45 cm, the plant spacing is 10 cm, and more than 8800 seeds are sown per mu; The row spacing of corn is 50 cm, the spacing between rows and plants is 12 cm, the spacing between rows and plants is 15 cm, and more than 3400 seeds are sown per mu. The distance between soybean belt and corn belt is 65 cm.
Select suitable varieties.High-yield soybean varieties such as Qihuang 34 and Hedou 33 should be selected, which are resistant to shade, lodging, middle-early maturity and suitable for mechanical harvest. Denghai 605, Tiantai 366 and other high-yield maize varieties with compact plant type, lodging resistance, disease resistance, medium-short stalk, close planting tolerance and suitable for mechanical harvesting should be selected.
Seed selection treatment. Select seeds with big and full grains, neat and uniform, no damage and good color. Before sowing, soybean and corn should be coated or dressed. Soybean can be coated or dressed with a compound agent containing fludioxonil, metalaxyl-m and thiamethoxam, while corn can be coated or dressed with a compound agent containing fludioxonil, difenoconazole, tebuconazole and thiamethoxam.
Proper soil moisture and standardized sowing. The suitable sowing date of soybean and corn strip compound planting is June 10 ~ 25. If the moisture content of wheat is suitable after harvest, it should be sown immediately; If the moisture content is insufficient, it should be built before sowing. When mechanical sowing, we should strictly follow the rules, first clear the stubble and then sow. Adopt single seed precision sowing, the sowing depth is 3 ~ 5 cm, and ensure that the sowing depth is consistent with the row spacing between plants. Where conditions permit, drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation can be carried out after sowing soybeans and corn to promote early emergence, complete seedlings and healthy seedlings.
Seed and fertilizer sowing together. Appropriate machinery should be selected for simultaneous sowing of seed and fertilizer during sowing. Soybean is generally applied with 10-20kg of special fertilizer (n ∶ p ∶ k = 12 ∶ 18 ∶ 15) per mu. In general, 40 ~ 50kg of controlled-release fertilizer of N: P: K = 28: 8: 8, with N ≥ 8% is applied to corn per mu. Fertilizer should be applied laterally and deeply 8 ~ 10 cm below the seeds. According to soil fertility, the amount of fertilization can be adjusted appropriately.
seedling management
The seedling stage is the growth period from soybean emergence to flowering and from maize emergence to jointing. Production management should focus on "spreading all seedlings in Miao Zhuang and building a reasonable population", and earnestly implement key technologies such as chemical weeding, disease prevention and insect control, timely chemical control, drought prevention and drainage.
Chemical weeding.Chemical weeding should be carried out before sowing, and closed weeding can be carried out by using metolachlor and pendimethalin. For plots with poor weeding effect before seedling or without weeding, special herbicides such as quizalofop-p-ethyl and fomesafen should be selected for directional spraying at the stage of compound leaf of 2 ~ 3 soybean slices; At the stage of 3 ~ 5 leaves of maize, mesotrione, nicosulfuron and other chemicals were selected for directional spraying on the stems and leaves after seedling. To weed after seedling, a physical curtain should be installed on the spraying device to separate soybean and corn for application, so as to prevent phytotoxicity caused by drift. When selecting herbicide for stem and leaf treatment, we should pay attention to the selection of herbicide varieties with high safety for adjacent crops and next crops.
Prevent diseases and treat pests. Soybean seedling stage is prone to root rot, beet armyworm and other pests, and corn seedling stage is prone to stem rot, Spodoptera bipunctata and thrips. Pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole, beta-cypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam can be selected for targeted control.
Appropriate chemical control. Soybean is easy to grow in vain because of shading, so uniconazole, paclobutrazol and methylphenidate can be used to spray with water before soybean branches to flowering. According to the growth stage of maize in 7 ~ 10 leaves, the whole plant can be sprayed evenly with pesticides such as Amin Xian and Ethephon, so as to moderately control the plant height, enhance the lodging resistance and improve the population structure. Wang Wang regulator shall not be re-sprayed, missed sprayed or arbitrarily increased in dosage.
Drought prevention and drainage. Soybean and corn need less water at seedling stage, and generally do not need watering. However, if there is no effective precipitation after sowing in time and the leaves lose water seriously, they should be watered in time to ensure the seedlings are complete and neat. In case of water accumulation in the field caused by heavy precipitation, the ditches should be dredged in time to discharge the water accumulation to avoid waterlogging.
mid-period management
The middle stage refers to the flowering and pod setting stage of soybean and the ear stage of corn. Production management should take "increasing the number of soybean pods and ensuring the large ears of corn" as the main target, and implement key technologies such as water and fertilizer management, disease prevention and insect control, so as to create favorable conditions for increasing grain weight in the later stage.
Water and fertilizer management.Soybean and corn need more water in the middle growth period. When the soil moisture content is lower than 60%, they should be watered immediately, and it is advisable to water them with small water instead of flooding them with big water. In case of heavy precipitation, the accumulated water in the field should be eliminated in time. If fertilizer deficiency symptoms appear, foliar fertilizers such as urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed in time to supplement nutrition, delay leaf senescence and improve yield.
Prevent diseases and treat pests. Mid-term is the key period of pest control. In view of soybean virus disease, leaf spot disease, stinkbug, Spodoptera litura and aphid, corn leaf spot disease, rust disease, brown spot disease, corn borer, cotton bollworm, armyworm and meadow moth, pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole, beta-cypermethrin, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole can be selected for unified control. Green prevention and control technology should be actively promoted, and insect lamps should be placed to trap and kill adults such as scarab, cotton bollworm and Spodoptera litura.
final-period management
The later stage is the period of soybean grain bulging and the period of corn grain formation to maturity. Production management should take "preventing premature aging, promoting grouting and increasing grain weight" as the main direction, and do a good job in the implementation of key technologies such as pest control, foliar fertilization, watering and drainage to ensure more grains and full grains.
extermination of disease and insect pest. In view of the occurrence of major pests and diseases such as soybean leaf spot, Bemisia tabaci, fruit eater, pod borer, corn rust, ear rot, and meadow moth, precise control should be carried out to minimize the damage and loss.
Foliar fertilization.Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, etc. on the leaves according to the plant growth can prolong the functional period of leaves, accelerate the filling speed and increase the grain weight.
Water drainage.The period of soybean grain filling and corn grain filling is the key period of yield formation, so it should be watered in time according to soil moisture to prevent drought from affecting filling. In case of field waterlogging caused by heavy precipitation, measures such as mechanical drainage or trench drainage should be adopted to discharge the field waterlogging and stagnant water in the plough layer in time.
Appropriate harvest
Soybean and corn strip compound planting should be harvested in the mature period of soybean and corn. According to the maturity sequence and planting mode of soybean and corn, the machinery is rationally allocated and the harvest is standardized at the right time.
Harvest corn first and then soybeans.Corn is harvested at full maturity. In 4: 2 mode, two rows of self-propelled corn combine harvesters with the whole machine width less than or equal to 1.5m should be selected, and in 4: 3 and 6: 3 modes, three rows of self-propelled corn combine harvesters with the whole machine width less than 2.1m should be selected. If soybeans are inclined or lodging, a grain separator should be installed on the corn harvester.
Harvest soybeans first and then corn.All the soybean leaves fall off, and they are harvested when shaking is noisy. The self-propelled soybean combine harvester with header width greater than 1.4m should be selected in 4: 2 and 4: 3 modes, and the self-propelled soybean combine harvester with header width greater than 2.45m should be selected in 6: 3 mode. If the maize plants lodging, the lodging maize should be cleaned manually before the soybean harvest.
Soybean and corn are harvested at the same time.Soybean and corn ripen at the same time, and can be harvested separately by the existing soybean and corn combine harvester.
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